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Pregnancy Week By Week: Here’s What To Expect In Every Trimester

Just found out you’re pregnant? Congratulations! You’ve probably already subscribed to a dozen week-by-week pregnancy guides and purchased all the pregnancy books in your local bookstore lest you miss some crucial piece of pregnancy-related information.
But if you’re overwhelmed by all that and you’re just looking for a brief breakdown of each trimester, we’ve got you covered. If you’re looking for an incredibly detailed week-by-week pregnancy guide, this isn’t it; instead, you can tape this to your fridge so you know what’s coming up as you grow your little bean.
Here’s a handy overview of what you can expect for the next 40(ish) weeks.

Pregnancy Week by Week: The First Trimester

Remember the iconic scene in Saved By The Bell when Jessie Spano takes all the caffeine pills and she’s so excited, until all of a sudden, she’s really sick and a little scared? That’s sort of what the first trimester is like. Here’s what the first 13 weeks have in store.

Weeks 1 and 2 of Pregnancy

“Your due date is calculated by adding 40 weeks (roughly 280 days) from the first day of your last menstrual period (LMP), which is why you’re technically pregnant before you conceive,” explains Tami Prince, MD, an OB-GYN, occupational medicine physician, and author practicing in Georgia. (This crazy math is the reason that I had to patiently explain to my extremely conservative grandmother that no, I was not pregnant at my wedding.)

Pregnancy Symptoms in Weeks 1 and 2

The first two weeks of pregnancy are technically the first 14 days of your cycle, from the first day of your period through ovulation. While you won’t be experiencing pregnancy symptoms quite yet, it is completely normal for some women to experience pelvic pain during ovulation.

Things to Keep in Mind in Weeks 1 and 2

“Take prenatal vitamins while attempting to conceive as well as throughout pregnancy and breastfeeding or until your physician tells you to stop,” says Prince. “The idea behind taking prenatal vitamins before pregnancy is to prevent neural tube defects. By the time most women realize they are pregnant, the neural tube has already formed so the vitamins are less effective to prevent defects. Even so, the vitamins also contain other important nutrients such as iron, calcium, and vitamin D so they are still important to complement a healthy diet.”

Week 3 of Pregnancy

After ovulation, your fertilized egg is growing and soon will attach itself to the wall of your uterus. Implantation of the egg to the uterus signals pregnancy hormones to begin secreting.

Pregnancy Symptoms in Week 3

Although you won’t be getting your period (because you’re pregnant, even if you technically don’t know it yet), you’re probably feeling symptoms similar to PMS this week, as your pregnancy hormones surge.

Things to Keep in Mind During Week 3

Keep taking those horse pills—er, prenatal vitamins!

Week 4 of Pregnancy

This week, you may have officially peed on a stick and found out you’re pregnant. Yippee! It’s hard to believe, but the little clump of cells that has recently made your uterus its home will eventually become a baby. For now, though, it’s known as an embryo.

Pregnancy Symptoms in Week 4

Nausea, vomiting, intolerance to smells or certain foods, breast tenderness, abnormal bleeding or spotting are all common early pregnancy symptoms,” says Mercy Medical Center’s Janelle Cooper, MD, FACOG.
This week you may be experiencing the dreaded nausea that often accompanies the first trimester. Prince advises eating small, frequent meals and bland foods to keep nausea at bay. Just know that somewhere around week 12 to 13, the nausea will start to subside. Until then, hang in there, mama!

Things to Keep in Mind During Week 4

You’ll want to call your OB-GYN this week and let them know you got a positive pregnancy test. They’ll probably want you to come in sometime between six and 10 weeks to confirm the pregnancy and update your medical information.  

Week 5 of Pregnancy

Hooray! You’re officially one month in! At this stage, that cute little embryo is about the size of a jellybean and has a heartbeat, though it’s probably not detectable on an ultrasound yet.

New Pregnancy Symptoms in Week 5

Early in pregnancy, blood flow to your kidneys actually increases by up to 60 percent! All that extra pressure means you’ll have to pee more than usual. Like a lot. Especially in the middle of the night. The good news is that this typically peaks early in the second trimester. Unfortunately, you’re probably still feeling nausea, fatigue, and bloating during week five.

Pro Pregnancy Tip

Even though you’re making five bajillion trips to the bathroom a day, don’t forget to drink extra water, which is how key nutrients (you know, the ones you’re taking daily in your prenatal vitamins) are delivered to the embryo.

Week 6 of Pregnancy

At six weeks, the embryo is going through rapid development. The heart and brain are now complex organs, and a little heartbeat can probably now be heard through an ultrasound.

New Pregnancy Symptoms During Week 6

Nausea, fatigue, and bloating are probably still in full swing, and you may add one more symptom to the mix: constipation. You may experience constipation as you struggle to adjust to the pregnancy hormones that are surging through your body. Do you love being pregnant yet?
For constipation relief, Cooper says, “I recommended starting with natural remedies such as increased water intake, increasing fiber in the diet (fruits and vegetables), prune juice. If that’s not successful, then a mild laxative such as Miralax daily, or in severe cases a laxative suppository.”

What’s New in Week 6?

Sometimes during pregnancy, you have to talk about scary stuff. While most of it is unlikely to happen, it’s still good to know how to recognize the signs and symptoms of conditions like deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Deep vein thrombosis is a rare but serious condition in which a blood clot forms deep within a vein, usually in the calf. You’re most likely to clot in the first trimester, and if a clot is released it can travel to the lungs and cause a pulmonary embolism. Luckily, there are some telltale signs you may have DVT.
Prince says that compression stockings (yes, like your grandma wears) can decrease the risk of DVT by increasing circulation. But if you notice that your calf is red or swollen and extremely warm to the touch, call your OB-GYN to get checked out.

Week 7 of Pregnancy

During week seven, your baby probably looks like a little black-and-white blob on an ultrasound screen. In reality, your little embryo looks a little bit like Lord Voldemort when he’s that gross man-baby; the embryo has developed little slits where a cute nose will eventually form, eyes (which won’t open for quite some time), and even has little limb buds!

Pregnancy Symptoms During Week 7

Even though you may not have gained weight yet, during the first trimester, the bloat is real. If none of your clothes fit due to pregnancy bloat, it’s okay to bust out maternity clothes already. No judgment! Just remember that your belly is going to get much, much larger, so buy clothes that will fit your currently barely there bump and when you’re 40 weeks preggo.

Week 8 of Pregnancy

By week eight, even though the embryo is just about a half inch long, all the most important body parts have formed. Baby’s heart beats at around 150 to 160 beats per minute, which is almost twice that of the average adult.

Pregnancy Symptoms During Week 8

The term morning sickness is such a lie! Pregnancy nausea can strike anytime, day or night. But there is good news! Morning sickness is actually nature’s way of protecting you from eating things that could harm the baby. While you’re in the worst of it now, it won’t be long before the nausea subsides for good.

Things to Keep in Mind During Week 8

One thing people forget to tell you about pregnancy? This early in the first trimester, ultrasounds are typically done vaginally to calculate the most accurate due date, Prince explains. It’s a bit uncomfortable, sure, but I like to think of a transvaginal ultrasound as your initiation into pregnancy. I won’t spoil the surprise, but compared to some pregnancy-related procedures, a transvaginal ultrasound is a total breeze.

Week 9 of Pregnancy

If you could see a close-up image of the embryo during week 9, you’d clearly see a teeny-tiny bobblehead of a baby with a disproportionately enormous head, about half the length of the entire body at this point! Don’t worry, your baby’s head-to-length ratio will even out a little over halfway through pregnancy.

New Pregnancy Symptoms During Week 9

There’s a reason your breasts have been sore and tender; they’re preparing for their starring role as milkmaids 1 and 2! You’ll also notice that your breasts have grown substantially larger over the past few weeks. By the end of the second trimester, your breasts will be completely ready to produce milk.

Things to Keep in Mind During Week 9

Now that you’re nearing the end of the first trimester, you can start thinking about how you’d like to tell friends and family you’re expecting, if you haven’t already. Here are some great ideas for cute photo announcements.

Week 10 of Pregnancy

We’re in double digits, people! At 10 weeks, the placenta is forming, taking the place of the yolk sac. Once the placenta is fully formed, it will supply the nutritional needs of your baby until birth.

New Pregnancy Symptoms During Week 10

As the uterus begins to grow during the transition to the second trimester, the round ligaments which hold the uterus in place are stretched and can cause pelvic and or vaginal pains,” Cooper says.
That’s why toward the end of the first trimester, you might experience achy pelvic pain, especially if this isn’t your first pregnancy. To alleviate pelvic pain you can do some stretches, take a pain reliever (ask your doctor which ones are safe!), or soak in a warm bath.

Things to Keep in Mind During Week 10

Sometime between weeks 6 and 10, you’ll probably have your first OB appointment. During the appointment, you can expect to give a urine sample, get your blood drawn, and get a pelvic exam. Your weight and blood pressure will be checked, a Doppler ultrasound will be used to check the baby’s heartbeat, and you’ll meet with the doctor to discuss any questions you may have.

Week 11 of Pregnancy

Your baby is currently weighing in at a hefty quarter ounce, but by the end of the second trimester, he or she will weigh about two pounds!

Pregnancy Symptoms During Week 11

People mean well when they urge you to “eat for two,” but Prince explains that “excessive weight gain too early in the pregnancy can lead to adverse outcomes such as macrosomia (larger than average babies) and diabetes mellitus. Ideally, weight gain is determined by pre-pregnancy weight.”
While every pregnancy is different, Prince says pregnancy weight gain should go something like this:

  • Women with a body mass index (BMI) of less than 19.8 (underweight) should aim to gain 26 to 40 pounds.
  • Women with a BMI of 19.8 to 26 (normal BMI) should aim to gain 24 to 35 pounds.
  • Women with a BMI of 26 to 29 (overweight) should aim to gain 15 to 24 pounds.
  • Women with a BMI greater than 29 (severely overweight) should aim to gain 15 pounds or less.

Things to Keep in Mind During Week 11

If you are considered a high-risk pregnancy, your doctor may recommend cell-free DNA testing to check for chromosomal abnormalities that indicate an increased risk of certain conditions.

Week 12 of Pregnancy

Your baby is officially a little fetus! And even though you can’t feel it, baby will wiggle and squirm if you press on your belly.

Pregnancy Symptoms During Week 12

As promised, your nausea should start subsiding around week 12. That is unless you have hyperemesis gravidarum.
Hyperemesis gravidarum is due to extremely elevated hCG levels and may also be associated with hyperthyroidism,” says Prince. “Signs and symptoms of hyperemesis include severe nausea and vomiting where women may not be able to hold down water, causing weight loss, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance.” If you have hyperemesis gravidarum, your doctor will likely recommend lots of fluids to keep you hydrated.”   

Week 13 of Pregnancy

You made it, mama! You officially reached the end of the first trimester! Woo hoo! At the end of the first trimester, the risk of miscarriage is less than 1 percent, so it’s the time when most people feel comfortable sharing news of their pregnancy. Still, you can share (or not share) any time you want—your baby, your body, your business!

Pregnancy Symptoms During Week 13

You should be feeling pretty good right about now. The nausea and fatigue of the first trimester should be abating, and you’ll soon be getting a brief reprieve from the water retention that’s causing bloating.

Things to Keep in Mind During Week 13

By week 13, your doctor will probably have already done genetic testing to screen for certain chromosomal abnormalities; your blood will be tested for abnormalities that could indicate conditions like Down syndrome.

Pregnancy Week by Week: The Second Trimester

A few pro tips for the second trimester: From now on, do NOT look at the scale during weekly weigh-ins at the OB’s office, and definitely do not weigh yourself at home (unless your doctor advises you otherwise, of course). On a related note, enjoy looking at your manicured toes while you still can. Also, teach your partner to paint your toenails. It’s a skill they’re definitely going to need.

Week 14 of Pregnancy

Your baby is roughly the size of a lemon, an avocado, or a single scoop of ice cream if you’re into food comparisons. Your doctor, though, does not measure your baby’s growth by digging through their refrigerator. During the first and second trimester, baby’s growth is measured from “crown to rump” using advanced ultrasound imaging.

New Pregnancy Symptoms in Week 14

Sometime during the second trimester, you may notice melasma, a darkening of certain parts of your body like the nipples, face, and abdomen, says Prince. She goes on to explain that “this darkening is due to the increased production of melanin by the placenta.” While there’s not much you can do to prevent melasma, you can mitigate the effects by always wearing sunscreen, which you should be doing anyway!

Week 15 of Pregnancy

Feeling little flutters down low? It might be gas brewing (pregnancy farts are nothing to mess around with, ladies), but it’s probably your baby swimming around! Those little flutters that sort of feel like a bubble popping inside you aren’t visible to the naked eye yet, but they’re signs your baby is happy and healthy.

What’s New in Week 15?

By week 15 or 16, your uterus as expanded up and out of your pelvis, and while co-workers and friends may not notice, you will probably see a very visible (if small) baby bump!

Week 16 of Pregnancy

By week 16, your little fetus can swallow and might even get the occasional case of hiccups (which, by the way, is totally adorable the first time you notice it—but not so much at 40 weeks when you’re trying to sleep).

What’s New in Week 16?

You might start to feel suddenly sexy again in the second trimester as your pregnancy symptoms begin to subside, which is why the second trimester is commonly called the “honeymoon trimester.” Sex during pregnancy is not only totally okay, it’s encouraged. So throw on some John Legend (or whatever floats your sexy boat) and get to it!

Things to Keep in Mind During Week 16

Now is also the time to start planning a babymoon if you want to take one. The second trimester is the best time to plan a trip before baby arrives: You feel great, you’re not huge and uncomfortable yet, and air travel isn’t off limits.

Week 17 of Pregnancy

At week 17, baby is measuring around 5 inches long and weighs about 3 ounces. Around this time, baby also learns to suck his or her thumb (adorable!) in utero.

Things to Keep in Mind in Week 17

Somewhere between 15 and 20 weeks, you’ll have another screening to test for chromosomal abnormalities as well as neural tube defects like spina bifida. A blood panel is usually taken in your doctor’s office and sent to a lab for analysis.

Week 18 of Pregnancy

You’re officially four months pregnant and almost at the halfway point of your pregnancy! Your uterus is roughly the size of a honeydew melon and is sitting just below your belly button.

What’s New in Week 18?

While the sex of your baby was determined at conception by the presence (or lack of) a Y chromosome, that’s now easily identified on an ultrasound scan! But, Prince cautions, “While baby’s [sex] may be identified between 18 and 20 weeks, it does depend on the positioning of the baby, and an ultrasound at this time is not performed solely to find out the baby’s sex but to assess fetal growth and well-being.”

Things to Keep in Mind During Week 18

How do you want to find out the sex of your baby? Do you want to stay #TeamGreen and keep it a secret? Do you want to find out with family and friends at a party? Or would you rather it’s just you, your partner, and the ultrasound tech? Decide how you want to find out before you schedule an anatomy scan so there are no mishaps!

Week 19 of Pregnancy

Baby is slowly morphing from Voldemort into a more human-looking little being, but they’re still very skinny at this stage. Baby won’t start storing fat until the end of the second trimester, so he or she still looks like a tiny (but cute!) Skeletor.

What’s New in Week 19?

Hip and back pain may become your constant companions during the second and third trimester because your center of gravity shifts as you carry increasing weight in the front. Luckily, your doctor can most likely prescribe physical therapy to help alleviate some of the strain, and in between visits you can try these pregnancy stretches to soothe an achy back.

Week 20 of Pregnancy

Most pregnancy apps and books will tell you that at 20 weeks, baby is as big as a banana, even though in week 19, baby was as big as a mango or an heirloom tomato. One of those things is long and skinny whereas the others are round and plump, so what gives? Well, right now, baby is more on the banana side of the scale: long, skinny, and still weighing in at under a pound.

What’s New in Week 20

You’re probably feeling like it’s impossible to get comfortable enough to sleep, and when you do, you may be waking up with terrible leg cramps, which can be caused by poor circulation, not drinking enough water, or even magnesium and potassium deficiencies.
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“To ease leg cramps,” Prince advises, “add magnesium to your diet by eating nuts and add potassium by eating a banana, as well as staying hydrated with water.”  

Things to Keep in Mind During Week 20

What’s in a name? Oh, everything! Now that you (probably) know the sex of the baby, you can start trying out baby names. My advice? Try yelling possible names out loud as if you were calling your kid down from across a crowded park. If you can’t say your kid’s name with a straight face, then mark that name off the list ASAP.

Week 21 of Pregnancy

Remember those cute little flutters back in week 15? Well, now it probably feels like your baby is doing interpretive dance in your uterus.
“You may notice fetal movement more at night due to nocturnal nature of the fetus, as well as the fact you also have decreased movement at bedtime, making baby’s movements more noticeable,” Prince explains.

What’s New in Week 21?

During your mid-pregnancy anatomy scan ultrasound (the one in which you usually find out the sex) your doctor will also check the location of the placenta. If your placenta is lying too close to the cervix or covering the cervix completely, you may be diagnosed with a condition known as placenta previa.
Placenta previa is pretty rare (roughly 1 out of every 200 pregnancies), and most women diagnosed with placenta previa early go on to have completely uneventful pregnancies, with the condition correcting itself before the third trimester. If the previa persists in the third trimester, your doctor will likely put you on bed rest, and you may need a c-section when it’s time to deliver to reduce the risk of postpartum complications.

Week 22 of Pregnancy

Finally! Baby’s starting to look like a baby instead of an alien creature using your body as a host. Even though the fetus still weighs less than a pound, baby basically looks like a teeny-tiny newborn with clear facial features and well-formed limbs.

Things to Keep in Mind During Week 22

Now’s a good time to start your baby registry. Talk to veteran moms to get the scoop on which items to purchase and which ones to skip.

Week 23 of Pregnancy

Want to know a secret? Television “newborns” are covered in grape jelly and cream cheese to simulate just being born. In reality, your baby may be born covered in a white, waxy substance called vernix caseosa, which already coats your baby’s skin in the womb. At this point, the vernix is almost completely developed. Vernix protects your baby’s skin and may even have antibacterial properties, which is why most doctors advise delaying bathing newborns for at least 24 hours.

What’s New in Week 23?

You got a brief reprieve from having to pee every five minutes, but now that the weight of your uterus is right above your bladder, you’ll probably have to pee frequently again. Or, you might (okay, probably will) pee on yourself. More than once. Ah, the joys of pregnancy.

Week 24 of Pregnancy

Week 24 is a milestone week. Going forward from this point, if baby were born prematurely, they would have a 50 percent chance of survival, which increases with each passing week.

New Pregnancy Symptoms in Week 24

Did you know there’s such a thing as fake contractions? They’re called Braxton Hicks contractions, and they’re essentially practice contractions to help your body prepare for real labor. Braxton Hicks are typically painless, irregular, and don’t increase in intensity.

Things to Consider During Week 24

Sometime between weeks 24 and 28, you’ll have a glucose tolerance test to check for gestational diabetes, a condition that causes high blood sugar in pregnant women. Gestational diabetes can be managed during pregnancy and usually goes away after birth.

Week 25 of Pregnancy

Baby is growing, growing, growing! Baby has regular waking and sleeping hours and is as big as a head of iceberg lettuce.

New Pregnancy Symptoms in Week 25

Your other organs, like your stomach, get squashed to make room as your uterus expands. All this smushing means one thing: heartburn. If you get occasional heartburn during pregnancy, try to avoid trigger foods like spicy dishes. If you get daily heartburn, talk to your doctor to see if certain medications may work for you.

Things to Keep in Mind During Week 25

Now is a good time to schedule a pregnancy and childbirth class if you haven’t already. Most local YMCAs and hospitals offer these classes free or at a minimal cost. You’ll learn the basics of caring for baby as well as what to expect during labor and delivery.

Week 26 of Pregnancy

By week 26, baby can hear you and your partner’s voices. Don’t feel silly if you want to talk out loud, sing, or read to your baby while he or she is still in the womb. It’s how they’ll recognize your voice when they’re born!

What’s New in Week 26?

So, another scary topic: pre-eclampsia. Pre-eclampsia is a condition that causes extremely high blood pressure in pregnant women. If your blood pressure has been normal throughout your pregnancy but suddenly skyrockets or you experience headaches and swelling in your extremities, call your OB-GYN to get checked out. Pre-eclampsia is a serious but manageable condition, but if it isn’t addressed early, it can lead to other more, severe conditions, like HELLP syndrome.

Things to Keep in Mind During Week 26

Now is a great time to pre-register at the hospital where you’ll be delivering. You’ll fill out all the registration information (that you will definitely not want to fill out when you’re trying to breathe through contractions) and get a tour of the rooms where you’ll be delivering.

Week 27 of Pregnancy

You’re six months pregnant, and you’ve probably gained about 15 to 20 pounds. But it’s all worth it for that little stinker who’s currently using your bladder as a recliner.

Pregnancy Symptoms in Week 27

So, we covered constipation early on, but we didn’t talk about constipation’s best friend, hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoids can be ultra painful and can be exacerbated by labor and delivery. If you have hemorrhoids, do NOT be embarrassed to speak to your doctor about treatment. In most cases, hemorrhoids can be treated with a simple cream.

Things to Keep in Mind During Week 27

Now’s a great time to choose your pediatrician, since baby will need to be seen a day or two after hospital discharge. Overwhelmed by the thought of choosing your child’s doctor for the next 18 years? Here are the key questions you need to ask to find a pediatrician you and your baby will love.

Week 28 of Pregnancy

It’s officially the end of the second trimester! Baby currently weighs about 2.5 or 3 pounds and can now see light as it’s filtered through your body.

What’s New in Week 28?

From now on you will have office visits starting every two weeks, instead of just once per month. Additionally, as you enter the third trimester, you can start doing kick counts to monitor your baby’s activity. To do a kick count, lie on your side in a quiet room during a time when your baby is likely to be active. You’ll want to count baby’s movements and record 10 movements within one hour. If baby doesn’t move, try drinking a small glass of juice and try again. If you still don’t feel movement, there’s no need to panic, but you should still let your doctor know so you can get checked out.

Pregnancy Week by Week: The Third Trimester

Here we go! Home stretch! Less than three months to go! You’ll need this wave of enthusiasm to give you a boost when you’re feeling super tired and uncomfortable as your baby and belly continue to grow. During the third trimester, all the focus will be on preparing for labor and delivery as the big day approaches, but don’t forget to take time for self-care.

Week 29 of Pregnancy

By week 29 or 30, your baby is likely in a head-down, birth position and is not likely to flip right side up at this point. Sometimes though, a baby will be breech, or head up.

What’s New in Week 29

Your doctor can tell whether baby is breech by doing an ultrasound or a physical examination. If baby is currently breech, don’t panic! Baby is still relatively small and may spontaneously turn head down on his or her own. Or there are many techniques you can try (with your doctor’s approval, of course!) to coax baby to turn.

Things to Keep in Mind During Week 29

Now that you’re in the third trimester, it is probably a good idea to write down your birth plan if you choose to have one. Having a birth plan can help you work through any pre-birth anxieties you might be having as you plan for all the what-ifs.

Week 30 of Pregnancy

Roughly 10 weeks to go! Baby weighs about 3 pounds, and his or her brain is rapidly developing every day.

Pregnancy Symptoms in Week 30

Remember how your organs are being squashed by your growing uterus? This includes your lungs, which is why you’re probably short of breath after walking up a flight of stairs. Don’t push yourself, and take a break anytime you feel like you need one.

Things to Keep in Mind During Week 30

Week 30 is a good time to start putting together your nursery. Things are stressful enough when bringing home a new baby, so you definitely want to make sure all your essentials (crib, changing table, etc.) are set up well before baby arrives!

Week 31 of Pregnancy

Baby is rapidly developing at week 31 and still has a lot of growing to do over the next nine weeks!

Pregnancy Symptoms During Week 31

Remember all those pregnancy symptoms you thought you left behind in the first trimester? Well, many of them, like frequent urination and fatigue, are back! If you’re feeling tired and just plain down, take a few minutes to yourself and try to meditate. Even just a minute or two can be enough to help!

Week 32 of Pregnancy

Baby is still surrounded by quite a bit of amniotic fluid (about 2 pints), but the amount of amniotic fluid will decrease as baby gets bigger.

Pregnancy Symptoms During Week 32

Did you pee yourself or are you leaking amniotic fluid? Usually amniotic fluid is colorless and odorless and may come out in a trickle or a gush. On the other hand, urine usually smells, well, like urine and is not usually colorless. If you suspect you’re leaking amniotic fluid, call your doctor immediately. This could be a sign of preterm labor.

Pro Pregnancy Tip

“If you suspect that you’re leaking amniotic fluid,” says Prince, “use a pad. If the pad is soaked within one hour, call your OB-GYN.”

Week 33 of Pregnancy

In week 33, baby is putting on his or her finishing touches. You might notice baby is less active these days; that’s because there’s a lot less room in the womb. But you should still be doing daily kick counts to monitor baby’s activity levels.

What’s New in Week 33?

Let’s talk about stretch marks. Some women get them, some don’t, but most doctors agree that there’s little you can do about stretch marks. Still, staying hydrated and keeping your skin extra moisturized may reduce their appearance.

Things To Keep in Mind During Week 33

If you haven’t done so yet, it’s time to pack your hospital bag! Bring along shower supplies, a robe that opens easily for frequent feedings, and a plush towel (because hospital towels are the worst).

Week 34 of Pregnancy

It’s the final countdown! You have six weeks (or less) to go, sister! Baby is rapidly gaining weight and settling deeper into your pelvis to get ready for birth.

What’s New in Week 34?

Braxton Hicks contractions may be occurring more frequently by week 34. As you get closer to your due date, you may even experience false labor contractions, which are a more intense type of Braxton Hicks. With false labor, your contractions may be painful and come regularly but will not increase in intensity and may subside without warning. If you’re experiencing contractions this close to your due date, it’s always a good idea to let your OB know what’s going on.

Week 35 of Pregnancy

Baby’s still growing! You’re still pregnant! Hang in there!

What’s New In Week 35?

Group B strep is a type of bacteria that can lead to a fatal infection in the baby soon after birth,” Cooper explains. That’s why at around week 35, you’ll probably get a vaginal swab to check for Group B strep. Group B strep is is a bacteria that is found in the vaginas of about a quarter of all healthy women. If you have Group B strep, you’ll be given antibiotics during delivery.

Things to Keep in Mind During Week 35

Your doctor will soon have you come in for weekly cervix checks now that you’re just a few short weeks away from delivery. During a cervix check, your doctor is looking at two things: how much the cervix is dilated and how effaced the cervical membranes are. These checks aren’t usually painful, but they’re not all that pleasant either.

Week 36 of Pregnancy

At this point, your baby is putting on the final pounds to reach his or her birth weight, their brain is still developing like crazy, and they’re typically perfectly content to continue residence in utero.

What’s New in Week 36?

Have you been keeping up with your vaginal discharge during pregnancy? If not, now’s the time to do so. As we mentioned earlier, if you notice a watery discharge, you could be leaking amniotic fluid. But if you notice a mucousy/blood-tinged discharge, that could the be the mucus plug, which protects the opening of the cervix from bacteria. Labor is on the horizon when you lose your mucus plug, though it could still be days or weeks away.

Week 37 of Pregnancy

Baby would probably not have to spend time in the NICU if he or she were born during week 37, but it would still be considered an early term birth.

What’s New in Week 37?

Your doctor may offer to do a membrane sweep in the upcoming weeks to get the labor process started. Membrane stripping isn’t the most pleasant procedure, but you can read more about the risks and benefits here to decide if it’s a good option for you.

Things to Keep in Mind During Week 37

Now’s the time to brush up on what you learned in childbirth class. Practice your breathing and other coping techniques with your birthing partner, and try to relax as you wait for labor to begin. After all, it could be tomorrow—or it could be three to four more weeks!

Week 38 of Pregnancy

Baby’s probably reached his or her birth weight and would officially be considered full-term if born between 38 and 40 weeks.

What’s New in Week 38

You know how Braxton Hicks contractions feel, but do you know what real contractions feel like? Real contractions feel more like intense period cramps that become more frequent and intense as they progress. If you’re having real contractions, start timing their duration and frequency. Typically, you’ll follow a 5-1-1 rule: head to the hospital when contractions are five minutes apart, last one minute each, and continue for at least one hour.

Week 39 of Pregnancy

It’s two weeks until your official due date, and you were probably officially over being pregnant weeks ago. But hang in there, mama: The end is in sight and it won’t be long until you’re soaking up all the baby snuggles you can stand.

Things to Keep in Mind During Week 39

One thing I recommend? Make homemade padsicles to put in your mesh hospital undies when you get home, because they feel heavenly on stitched-up, swollen lady parts post-delivery. To make a padsicle, take a heavy, overnight pad, and saturate it with aloe and witch hazel. Fold it neatly back up, place back in its packaging, and stick in your freezer.

Week 40 of Pregnancy

Pregnancy Symptoms During Week 40

Totally. Over. It. That’s it.

Things to Keep in Mind During Week 40

Pregnancy is a marathon, and you’re at the finish line! You got this, mama!

Weeks 41 and 42 of Pregnancy

What’s New in Weeks 41 and 42?

Oh, did we forget to mention that your baby most likely won’t be born on his or her due date? In fact, in a 2013 study, 41 percent of the women surveyed said their doctors recommended induction since they had gone past their due date. And if you’re a first-time mom, chances are even more likely you’ll still be pregnant past 40 weeks.
Now, while most babies do tend to make their appearance around week 41 if they haven’t already, some like the womb a little too much, and those babies need to GET OUT.
According to Prince, “After 40 weeks, an ultrasound, as well as a non-stress test is likely to be performed to assess fetal well being. Your physician may also begin the discussion about inducing labor if labor is not spontaneous or the ultrasound and non-stress test show decreased fetal well-being and decreased amniotic fluid levels. The good news? Delivery of your baby will definitely be prior to 42 weeks!”

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Trending

Cole And Lili: Are They or Aren’t They?

Jughead and Betty may be #couplegoals on the hit drama Riverdale, but actors Cole Sprouse and Lili Reinhart are (or were) extremely private about their real-life romance. The couple reportedly got together in 2017, and fans fawned at their every move—but after Comic-Con 2019, rumors of their breakup started swirling. 
We’re taking a look back at their relationship—and trying to decode where their relationship stands today.

March 18, 2017

Fans were already shipping Cole and Lili from the moment Riverdale premiered in January 2017, but the real-life dating rumors started when Cole posted this photo of Lili in a field of flowers.
https://www.instagram.com/p/BRyiMLGAYQx/?utm_source=ig_embed

April 22, 2017

The next month, Cole posted another photo of Lili frolicking through a field of flowers, but this time the caption was much more telling. Fans quickly decided that it must be Cole’s admission of love.
https://www.instagram.com/p/BTNSkJJFwYb/?utm_source=ig_embed

June 12, 2017

Lili responded to a quirky photo of himself Cole shared on Twitter. Her response included the heart eyes emoji, the fire emoji, and…ahem…just take a look for yourself:
https://twitter.com/lilireinhart/status/874455438024204289

July 22, 2017

During an interview at Comic-Con 2017, fans spotted Cole and Lili sneakily caressing one another’s hands in an interview.

via GIPHY
Lili was photographed wearing Cole’s jacket later that night.

August 4, 2017

Lili wrote a sweet birthday message to Cole in an Instagram post. 
To the man who has showed me more beautiful places in the past year than I have ever seen in my whole life. Happy birthday, Cole. Thank you for all the adventures and here’s to many more.” 


No big deal, right? Right?!

September 13, 2017

Cole and Lili held hands on the cover of Entertainment Weekly

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Eric Ray Davidson/Entertainment Weekly

…But in the accompanying interview, Cole seemed to suggest that his relationship with Lili was all in fans’ heads.

Since the show began, people have wanted Lili and I to be together. People have wanted Lili and Camila to be together. People have wanted KJ and I to be together. People have wanted every actor on this show to be in a union that they could make real. Truthfully, it’s very pleasing that people talk about Lili and I in that way because it means that we’re resonating so strongly that people really want that to be true.

October 17, 2017

Cole shared another stunning photo of Lili to his Instagram. He captioned it “410,” which was mysterious to fans. Could it be referring to a date? Or an inside joke between the two? Either way, we were swooning.

 

View this post on Instagram

 

410

A post shared by Cole Sprouse (@colesprouse) on

October 25, 2017

On Live With Kelly and Ryan, Cole admitted that he doesn’t mind making out with Lili. “They’re contractually obliged to give me as many kiss scenes as possible this season,” he joked. “I wrote it into my contract.”

January 1, 2018

The pair spent New Years together in Hawaii! 

January 10, 2018

Lili refused to open up about her and Cole’s relationship to V Magazine
“People are just dying to know information about if I’m in a relationship or not. I understand the interest, but it’s called a private life for a reason. And it’s not something that I owe the world.”

March 25, 2018

While promoting their upcoming season, the cast of Riverdale attended Paley Fest 2018. When it came time for audience questions one fan (and Bughead hero) decided to ask the question everyone was dying to know: 
“Cole and Lili, there’s been a lot of rumors of you guys dating. …Are you dating?”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpxwX6KvWbQ&feature=youtu.be
“No comment,” Cole whispered awkwardly into his mic.

April 2, 2018

Cole and Lili got caught kissing in public! During a press trip to Paris, France, paparazzi caught this photo: 

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Backgrid

April 4, 2018

Two days after the Paris kiss, they basically confirmed their relationship. TMZ caught the pair at LAX airport and asked them if it was a big decision to go public with their relationship.
Lili’s response? “It’s obvious.”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WRgz6c6yuyk

April 17, 2018

The couple may have had a romantic getaway in Mexico. Although they never posted a photo together, some eagle-eyed fans spotted what looks to be Lili’s shadow in one of Cole’s vacation photos.

 

View this post on Instagram

 

A post shared by Cole Sprouse (@colesprouse) on

May 7, 2018

Finally! Lili and Cole made their red carpet debut at the 2018 Met Gala.

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Frazer Harrison/FilmMagic

July 2, 2018

During an interview with Harper’s BAZAAR, Lili talked about her struggles with talking about her relationship publicly.

HealthyWay
Harper’s BAZAAR

I’m not okay talking about my relationship, I’m not going to tell you my love story. That’s just not appropriate right now.”

July 27, 2018

After filming the third season of Riverdale, the two got together to watch the blood moon lunar eclipse. Lili documented her night with Cole on her Instagram story.

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@LiliReinhart/Instagram

August 4, 2018

On Cole’s twenty-sixth birthday, Lili posted an Instagram photo of Sprouse captioned: 
“It seems as if the world would still be a stranger to me, if not for you. I’m so thankful that our paths intertwined to form this beautiful adventure~Happy birthday, my love.”
https://www.instagram.com/p/BmEFDjtAWUs/?utm_source=ig_embed

August 12, 2018

Cole and Lili attended the 2018 Teen Choice Awards along with their Riverdale castmates. Although they did not win, Cole and Lili were nominated for Choice TV: Ship and Choice TV: Liplock.

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Shutterstock (via Hollywood Life)

However, they very noticeably did not walk the red carpet together or pose for pictures together. A fan also captured a photo of the show’s seating arrangement which showed Cole and Lili sitting near each other, but with an empty seat between them.

August 30, 2018

While filming Riverdale season 3, Lili posted a photo of her and Cole posing in France. 
https://www.instagram.com/p/BnHVMoMA7c1/

September 10, 2018

Cole posted a photo of the pair almost kissing. Simply captioned “It’s pretty, pretty late”
https://www.instagram.com/p/BniXTt3ntBD/?utm_source=ig_embed

September 13, 2018

For Lili’s twenty-second birthday, Cole posted a gorgeous photo of Lili. Along with the picture, Cole wrote, “Both the birthday and the gift. My little muse, happy birthday my love.” 
https://www.instagram.com/p/BnriRFaH346/?utm_source=ig_embed

October 1, 2018

In an interview with Who What Wear, Lili opened up about why keeping her relationship private is so important to her. 

I think it’s just that I’m so protective over it. It’s not something the world needs to know about, because if you give them anything, they are just going to want more. I’m not going to hide away from my relationship or hide away from what’s going on in my life, but what does happen in my relationship is so private, and I cherish it a lot. He does as well. A relationship is a very intimate thing, and I want it to be between me and him, not me, him, and the world.

October 13, 2018

Lili shared a sweet photo of Cole on a beach with the caption “I hope you don’t mind.” Cole hilariously commented back, “Are you guys dating”
https://www.instagram.com/p/Bo5jNw4h6e_/?utm_source=ig_embed

November 10, 2018

After Idris Elba won People’s Sexiest Man Alive, Lili weighed in with her own thoughts in an Instagram story. She posted a photo of Cole with the caption “my 2018 sexiest man alive.”
https://www.instagram.com/p/BqAIV24l09B/?utm_source=ig_embed

November 22, 2018

Big step! Cole traveled to North Carolina to spend Thanksgiving with Lili’s family.
https://www.instagram.com/p/BqfrVy0AvBf/

January 6, 2019

Rumors first started circulating about the couple breaking up when they didn’t go to the Golden Globes together, and it had been a noticeably long time since the couple had been seen together.
At the time, though, Cole was out of the country with Riverdale costar KJ Apa.
https://www.instagram.com/p/BsDEBcql1QD/?utm_source=ig_embed

February 11, 2019

However, just in time for Valentine’s Day, Cole and Lili set the record straight about their relationship. Amid break up rumors, Cole posted a photo of Lili laying in the snow. 
https://www.instagram.com/p/BtxM_UZHPce/?utm_source=ig_embed

March 7, 2019

Lili supported cole at his movie premiere for Five Feet Apart. The couple posed together on the red carpet, holding each other close.

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Hollywood Life

April 29, 2019

Lili shared a video of Cole getting licked in the face by a cute pup. Someone in the background says “She thinks that you’re Dylan,” referring to Cole’s twin brother. “She does the same thing to Dylan.”
https://www.instagram.com/p/Bw0-Ew1gJOx/?utm_source=ig_embed

July 22, 2019

Rumors began swirling that Sprousehart was over. This time, it seemed real. Multiple sources reported that the couple called it quits after 2 years together, though the pair held off on addressing the public.
According to Us Weekly, “The Riverdale co-stars were spotted keeping their distance from each other at the Entertainment Weekly Comic-Con party in San Diego on Saturday, July 21. They both mingled with Riverdale castmates at different times, but were rarely seen together.” 
Cole told a friend that they broke up, the site reported, and he ended up going home with costars Apa and Camila Mendes.
Sources close to the couple also said that the two won’t be living together while filming the next season of Riverdale, reported E! News.

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Pop Culture

Despite their alleged split, the costars seemed cordial when they sat next to each other during the show’s panel on July 21. Lili even later joked about her ex and Apa goofing off. “Please don’t put me between these two ever again” she joked in an Instagram caption of the trio.
https://www.instagram.com/p/B0NKSuvg7oc/
Fans, needless to say, were having a hard time coping with the thought of the real-life couple splitting. 


But wait…after a “very messy breakup” earlier in the summer, they’re “currently on much better terms,” a source told E! News.

July 25, 2019

And then, well, there’s this, posted by Lili:
https://www.instagram.com/p/B0WOffWgXJk
What do we know?

August 4, 2019

Lili took to Instagram to wish Cole a happy birthday with a romantic poem.
https://www.instagram.com/p/B0u84u1AH_U/
So, we might never know the truth about this intensely private couple. Sometimes they sit together, sometimes they don’t; sometimes they let the public in, and sometimes they don’t. No matter what, what we’ll always be Bughead stans.

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Mindful Parenting

They Don’t Look Obvious: What Everyone Should Know About Child Abductions

When Becky Beach saw a five-year-old girl sitting in a hot car outside a store in Arlington, Texas, she knew that something wasn’t right. Her first concern was for the child’s immediate safety—the temperature was rising, and the windows of the vehicle were up. 
But something else seemed odd. The child seemed distracted and uncomfortable, so Beach decided to call the police.
“I knew I couldn’t stay there for long—I had my own family to get back to—but I felt like I needed to do something,” Beach tells HealthyWay. 

HealthyWay
iStock/Milan_Jovic

She decided to stick around until the authorities arrived. As the cops opened the vehicle and spoke with the child, a man came out of the nearby grocery store.
“He saw the police, and he had a look of shock,” Beach says. “His eyes popped out of his head and he started running away. I thought, you know, that guy might be up to something.”
Beach told police what she’d seen, and they quickly tracked down the man. He was the child’s father, but he didn’t have custody—and there was an Amber Alert out for the young girl. 
“He had snatched her away from school,” Beach says. 
HealthyWay
iStock/Steve Debenport

Beach, who writes a blog on motherhood, says she typically wouldn’t have called the police right away. Something felt off, although there was nothing specific about the girl’s behavior that raised red flags. In retrospect, she’s glad she made the call.
“If you see something suspicious like this, then always take action,” she says. “A child’s life could be in danger.”
Beach’s story shows one of the uncomfortable realities of child abduction: It rarely looks dramatic. 

Abductions don’t look like you’d expect them to look.

According to the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children (NCMEC), U.S. law enforcement recorded 424,066 reports of missing children in 2018. In cases where NCEMC aided law enforcement, less than 1 percent were non-family abductions.
These are the types of cases you’re likely to hear about on the news; a child is snatched off the street or lured into a vehicle. While they’re certainly serious situations, they’re extremely rare. 

HealthyWay
iStock/yanukit

“What is very tricky is that most abductions and trafficking isn’t ‘stranger danger,’” Matt C. Pinsker, adjunct professor of criminal justice at Virginia Commonwealth University, tells HealthyWay
In many cases, the abductor is someone the child knows and trusts. Often, the abductor tries to keep the child calm—and as a result, passersby don’t realize that anything’s wrong. 
HealthyWay
iStock/Xavier_S

“Something I teach my law enforcement to look for in cases of human trafficking or abduction is how the child interacts with the supposed parent,” Pinsker says. “Because of threats and coercion, when we spotted and rescued children, they were almost never screaming, crying, or fighting. Instead, the child will be silent or, if saying anything, will say nothing more than carefully coached lines.”
So, what can people look for? If abductions don’t look like what we expect, how can we recognize them?

Experts recommend watching for indications that a child is uncomfortable with their caregiver.

When law enforcement officials believe a child is in danger, they gather information, then look for subtle clues that could help them understand the situation.

“What we would look for is the body language of the child,” Pinsker explains. “For example, does the child hang back from the ‘parent’ or act fearful in the person’s presence? Children typically go to and latch onto a parent for comfort, especially in a stressful situation. When a child has been abducted, instead, the child will appear fearful of the adult and hang back.”

HealthyWay
iStock/Gargonia

“When we spot this, we separate the child from the parent for a brief period and see if there is a change in the child’s demeanor. We will try to put the child at ease to relax and trust us, and get him or her to talk to us and hopefully be truthful.”
Obviously, Pinsker doesn’t recommend this approach for strangers; you can’t realistically separate a child from their apparent caregiver, even if you’re sure something’s wrong. Still, if a child seems uncomfortable and remains distant from the adult they’re with, consider telling the police. 

Another sign that something’s wrong: The “parent” doesn’t seem to be parenting.

“There can be other signs, such as if an adult who is supposedly a caregiver is ill-prepared to care for a child,” Pinsker says. “For example, a lack of children’s toys [or] no car seat.”
Beach says her experience reinforced the importance of trusting instincts. While she didn’t have any clear indication that the girl in the car was in danger, she asked herself why a parent would take a risk by leaving a child in a hot car.

HealthyWay
caucasian little girl bored

“It didn’t seem right,” she tells us. “That’s why I felt like I needed to get the authorities involved.” 
Granted, in some situations, strangers won’t be able to tell whether a caregiver is properly equipped to handle a child, so take the entire situation into account before reacting. If, however, you see signs that a child is in danger—as was the case in Beach’s story—call the authorities immediately.  

While non-family abductions are rare, people should know the signs.

Non-family abductions aren’t common, but they certainly occur, as one mother’s shocking story demonstrates.

HealthyWay
iStock/Lorado

Diandra Toyos was browsing IKEA for a new couch when she noticed a man circling the area. He kept getting closer to her 1-year-old son and 4-year-old daughter.
“My mom noticed as well and mentioned that we needed to keep an eye on him,” Toyos wrote on social media. “We moved on…and so did he. Closely.”
Her mother noticed another man circling the area and staring at the children, so she made strong eye contact with them to let them know she thought they were up to something. After that, the men disappeared, but Toyos also reported the men at IKEA’s security desk.
HealthyWay
iStock/olaser

“I am almost sure that we were the targets of human trafficking,” she wrote. “This is happening all over. Including the United States. It’s in our backyards. I’m reading more and more about these experiences and it’s terrifying. If not that, something else shady was obviously going on. Either way, as parents, we NEED to be aware.”

Look for suspicious behavior, and make sure they know you’re watching.

According to the experts we contacted, Toyos did everything right: She trusted her instincts, stayed on top of the situation, and told a security guard as soon as possible. Perhaps most importantly, she showed the potential abductors that she was watching them.
“You can spot a possible dangerous situation when you see red flags, such as a man trying to lure a reluctant child into a vehicle, or a man sitting on a park bench alone or in a playground, offering candy to kids,” forensic psychiatrist Carole Lieberman, MD, tells HealthyWay. Lieberman has served as an expert witness in child abduction cases.

HealthyWay
iStock/tzahiV

Granted, some “red flags” look similar to a typical tantrum, and nobody wants to interfere in another person’s parenting. Lieberman suggests trusting your instincts but taking appropriate actions to distinguish between dangerous situations and typical kid behavior.
“When you see a child screaming, crying, or fighting against someone who might be their parent or a predator, look at the expressions on their faces and their body language,” she says. “For example, a predator would be looking around to see if anyone is noticing the struggle, whereas a parent would be more focused on his child. A child would be more scared if they think they are being kidnapped, whereas they would be more angry at their parent.”
In some cases, simply showing an interest in the situation will be enough to scare the would-be abductor away. 

Parents should teach children what to do in an emergency.

Abductors will try to separate kids from their parents, so every child should be coached on how to respond to potentially dangerous situations.
“Of course, the standard practice of teaching children not to talk to strangers, or go anywhere a stranger has asked them to go to,” says John DeGarmo, PhD, director of the Foster Care Institute and author of several books about child welfare issues.

HealthyWay
iStock/bmcent1

Kids should know that adults never need help from children, so if a stranger is asking them to help find a puppy, take groceries to a car, or do anything else, they should refuse. DeGarmo says that children should be ready to make noise and seek out a trusted adult as soon as a problematic situation arises.
“If approached by a stranger, remind the child to run away, screaming for help,” he says. “Let the child know that it is okay to say ‘no’ to someone who asks them to do something you have told them they may not, or something the child finds uncomfortable. …Encourage your child to report any strangers reaching out to them, either in person or online, to you.”
Kids should also learn techniques for avoiding danger, such as the “Velcro technique.” If someone tries to grab them, they should grab a tree, stop sign post, or other object and refuse to let go. Tell kids to make plenty of noise. Consider getting whistles or other loud noisemakers for older children (young children will, of course, blow these noisemakers constantly).

Don’t forget about the dangers of the internet.

DeGarmo notes that many abductors work on the internet, so parents should be vigilant about monitoring kids’ internet behavior. He recommends making sure that the kids understand you’ll be watching them; while you’re likely to meet some resistance, kids are less likely to interact with strangers online if they understand that their parents are monitoring them.

HealthyWay
iStock/ClarkandCompany

Experts also recommend paying attention to sudden changes in online activity. If kids spend long hours online at night or if they suddenly turn off the computer when you come into the room, talk to them. One in eleven children aged 10 to 17 receive unwanted solicitations online, but by establishing clear boundaries and keeping open lines of communication, parents can reduce the risks.
If you’re concerned about a possible family abduction, take additional precautions and make sure that your child has a set course of action.
“If you’re in a high-conflict family law situation, make sure your kids know all of the ways to contact you,” says family law attorney Julian Fox. “When the kids are not in your custody, insist on frequent phone calls. This will give you the peace of mind that your kids are safe. Finally, if you’re worried that the other parent might take the kids to another country, make sure that you have their passports.”

If you see something, take action, but let the authorities confront the potential abductor.

Let’s say you’re out in public and you see a child acting uncomfortable around an adult. What should you do?

HealthyWay
iStock/SilviaJansen

“If you feel a situation is dangerous or wrong, you can approach to a safe distance and ask if you can help,” Lieberman says. “You will know right away whether this is a kidnapping in progress or a family dispute.”
Once again, Lieberman says that the key is to pay attention to small details that might reveal whether or not the child is actually in trouble, particularly if you decide to approach the potential abductor.
“If a predator claims that he’s the dad, the child’s reaction will show you he’s lying,” she says. “If it is the dad, he will likely be embarrassed as he declines your help.”
Lieberman also suggests tracking details that might be helpful later.
HealthyWay
iStock/FluxFactory

“Before you approach, note any identifying features, such as the [abductor’s] face, clothes, height, weight, and license plate, so you can give it to the 911 operator when you call.” 
Above all else, trust your instincts. If something seems wrong, contact the authorities—and pay close attention to the signs that could indicate danger for a child. Beach says this last point is especially important.
“Everyone’s in their own little world on their phones,” she says. “Just pay attention. You never know.”

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The Dark Side of DNA: How Genetic Tests Expose Family Secrets (And Why They're Not Perfect)

If you’re curious about your heritage, you can always take one of those trendy DNA tests. Sites like 23andMe and AncestryDNA offer users the opportunity to take a closer look at their genetics, and by all accounts, they’re largely accurate. There’s no easier way to find out if you truly have Scandinavian heritage, or if you’re Irish enough to celebrate St. Patrick’s Day guilt free. 
In 2017 alone, about 12 million Americans purchased genetic genealogy tests. That means around 1 out of every 25 American adults have access to detailed genetic information—and, by all accounts, that number is going up. 
However, there’s a dark side to online genetic tests: They occasionally unearth uncomfortable information. In fact, the major DNA testing sites explicitly warn their users about that possibility.

HealthyWay
iStock/utah778

“You may discover unexpected facts about yourself or your family when using our services,” Ancestry.com’s privacy page warns. “Once discoveries are made, we can’t undo them.”
Granted, these situations are rare, but when they occur, they have life-altering consequences. We looked into a few cases where people received results they weren’t expecting (and what happened next).

1. A woman learns that she has more in common with her husband than she’d anticipated.

Liane Kupferberg Carter met her husband Marc during a vacation in Nassau. It was a storybook romance—or, as she described it in a piece for The Cut, “rom-com cute.”
“I was 25; he was two years older,” she wrote. “Initially, he was chasing my roommate. We struck up an intense conversation on the plane home, and by the time we landed at JFK, I had the unbidden thought, ‘I could marry a guy like this.’”
Spoiler alert: She married him. After arriving home, Liane discovered that Marc lived one block away from her Manhattan apartment. Flash forward a few years, and they were planning their lives together. They tied the knot, and everyone lived happily ever after.
https://www.instagram.com/p/BSbz-HRgSA_/
Well, sort of. 38 years later, Liane signed up for 23andMe, and one day, she received an email: “You have new DNA relatives.”
The relative in question was her husband, Marc. He was her third cousin.
Before you get all creeped out, it’s important to know that third cousins don’t have a significantly higher risk of birth abnormalities than totally unrelated people. In fact, one Icelandic study showed that third- or fourth-cousin couples tend to be well suited biologically and typically have more kids than other couples.
There’s even some research suggesting that first cousins’ risks are only a few percentage points higher than other couples (and cousin marriage was fairly common throughout history—Albert Einstein, Charles Darwin, and Edgar Allan Poe all married their cousins, and we certainly don’t look at them like they’re rogue Game of Thrones characters). 
https://twitter.com/HistoryInPics/status/1122123643528654848
One of Carter’s children has an epileptic disorder and autism, but there’s no clear link between the couple’s genetic similarity and the boy’s conditions.
While Liane admits that her unexpected genealogical revelation gave her some pause, she never doubted that her husband was the right man for her.
“I don’t need the imprimatur of 23andMe to tell me what I already know with bone-deep certainty: our connection is a decades’ long conversation that continues to nurture and sustain us both,” she wrote.
In other words, she’s, uh, glad she married her cousin. 

2. A woman gets a DNA test for Christmas (and loses her sense of identity).

Linda Ketchum of Glendale, California received an AncestryDNA test from her husband as a Christmas present. Per a report in The New York Post, she wasn’t expecting much; she simply wanted to trace back her heritage.
“My dad was German, and my mother was Scottish-English,” she told the paper. “I thought it’d be fun to learn a little about my genetic ethnicity, to trace how all the pieces came together.”

HealthyWay
iStock/Handemandaci

Unfortunately, the results were fairly dramatic. Ketchum discovered that she had no biological link to her father whatsoever. Instead, she had numerous connections to Hispanic people in the site’s database.
 “At first I didn’t believe it,” she said. “But then I kept re-checking it, and I realized, ‘Oh my God, does this mean I’m…I’m Hispanic!’”

Her real biological father was a man of Hispanic descent. As both of her parents were deceased, she had nowhere to turn for answers.
“All these years I thought I was German on my dad’s side, but all of a sudden it was dawning on me that my dad wasn’t my real dad and I had an entirely different ethnicity.”
Ketchum told the paper that she was fairly traumatized. She lost her identity, and she began wondering whether she was related to random Hispanic people she saw on the street. She eventually tracked down her real biological father, Bill Chavez, who lived in New Mexico. He had also passed away, so she wasn’t able to connect with him.
HealthyWay
iStock/William Barton

Ketchum’s story doesn’t have a happy ending, per se, but she’s at peace with the discovery. Still, she frequently thinks about the family she never met.
“I still wonder sometimes, would my life have been different if I’d known this earlier?” she said. “My real father, my actual grandparents, they all spoke fluent Spanish. I can’t even speak a word of it!”

3. A CNBC anchor receives shocking information (and ends up writing a book).

Journalist Bill Griffeth took a DNA test in 2012, hoping to learn more about his European ancestors. He’d had an ongoing interest in genealogy—he’s on the board of Boston’s New England Historic Genealogical Society—and he had even written a book about his ancestors’ journey to the United States. Griffeth was extremely proud of his family, and when his cousin asked him to participate in genetic testing to get more information about their family origins, he happily agreed.


Hey, he’s part of this article, so you probably know where this is going. The test showed that Griffeth had no biological relation to his late father. When he received word via email, he was crushed.
“My body responded before my brain could,” Griffeth wrote in his memoir The Stranger in My Genes. “I experienced a strange sensation of floating, and I could no longer feel the chair I was sitting in or the Blackberry I was holding. My breathing became labored and shallow and I heard a roaring in my ears like ocean waves crashing off in the distance.”
Initially, Griffeth denied the results, insisting that the company that tested his DNA had made some mistake. He actually went on the air on CNBC within hours of receiving the news and acted as though nothing had happened. For months, he refused to accept reality.
Eventually, the truth set in: His mother had had an affair, which she’d hidden from her family for decades. He eventually decided to confront her with the information.


“There was a time when I said, ‘I don’t want to pursue this any further, I don’t want to trouble Mom with it,’” Griffeth told the Extreme Genes podcast. “But as my brother said, ‘What if you want answers eventually and she’s gone, what are you going to do? And what about your children, they’re going to need answers down the road?’”
“We really needed to know the truth, so I presented her with the DNA evidence, and she took it like a champ. She admitted that she had made a mistake when she was younger, and that was that.”
These days, Griffeth is at peace with his family history. He doesn’t discuss the matter with his mother, but when he decided to write a book about his experience, she gave him her blessing.
https://twitter.com/BillGriffeth/status/1163861832643293185
“We don’t talk about it anymore,” he said. “…She’s of a different generation, a different time.”
Since going public with his story, Griffeth has heard from dozens of people about their own DNA testing mishaps. He says his perspective has gradually changed; he knows if his mother hadn’t made her “mistake,” he wouldn’t be here, and he takes comfort in knowing his situation isn’t unique.
“The only takeaway I can have from this is to be grateful about it,” he said. “…I encourage anybody, if you’re going through this, reach out. It’ll be a difficult first step, but you gotta be able to tell somebody.”
“I just think that DNA testing is going to have a profound impact, not only on biotechnology and medicine—it’s already having an impact there—but I think it’s going to have a profound impact on our social culture.”  

4. A woman gets a doctor-ordered DNA test, with tragic results.

While many people get DNA tests to learn about their hereditary history, some choose to get tested for medical reasons. Certain hereditary conditions have genetic markers that can help doctors diagnose, prevent, and even cure diseases before they become life threatening. In fact, many direct-to-consumer DNA testing services like 23andMe offer specialized tests for these genetic markers—but they warn that people shouldn’t make medical decisions based on their screenings.
Maureen Boesen has a family history of cancer, and she and her two sisters entered a university study to determine whether or not they had a BRCA gene mutation that would raise her risk of developing the disease.
Boesen tested positive.


“It was just devastating because I knew what breast cancer and ovarian cancer can do to a family,” she told KSHB in Kansas City. “The first question out of my mouth was, ‘Is there any chance this could be wrong?’ And the researcher said ‘No.’”
To limit her chances of developing cancer, Boesen underwent a preventive double mastectomy at 23. Years later, she also decided to undergo a complete hysterectomy, but prior to that procedure, doctors performed another test.


“I was at work, and the first thing [the doctor] said was, ‘We need to talk,’” she recalled. “And my heart just sank. And she said, ‘You’re negative!’ and I just started bawling. I was angry. I was regretful. I was happy. I was sad.”
According to the U.S. Preventive Service Task Force’s recommendations for BRCA testing, doctors should screen some women with cancer in their family histories, but false positives occur occasionally. It’s unclear why Boesen’s physicians didn’t re-test her before carrying out her double mastectomy, but her story is a good indication of how genetic tests can be misleading—and why a second opinion is always helpful when making serious medical decisions. 
“I wish what I had been told was, ‘If you don’t trust it, get another test,’” Boesen said. “But that’s not what I was told, and my life could have been so different.”

5. A woman finds out a secret about her family…but decides to do some investigating.

Kristen Brown received a shock when her aunt sent off for a commercial DNA test: According to the results, Brown’s grandfather wasn’t a full-blooded Syrian. That led to a small family scandal.
“If we weren’t who we thought we were, well, then, who were we?” Brown wrote for Gizmodo.

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But to Brown, something didn’t seem right. She suspected that the test was inaccurate, so she mailed DNA samples to three major commercial DNA testers…and received extremely different results from each.
She’s not the only one. In 2018, reporter Rafi Letzler took nine DNA tests from three companies and received six distinctly different results. Even when a single company performs a test multiple times, the results can change dramatically.
How could that happen? For starters, those heritage estimates (think “you’re 9 percent Scandinavian” and other such results) are just that—estimates—and they’re not as accurate as you might assume. 
To determine users’ heritage, sites compare the DNA of all of the people who’ve already taken the test. If a person’s genetic makeup is more similar to, say, the DNA of Scandinavian users, the service will conclude that the user has some Scandinavian heritage.
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However, the services can only work with whatever data is available. Heritage estimates will vary from one site to the next—if the site has a lot of Italian users, it’s more likely to provide accurate heritage estimates for people with Italian backgrounds, and conversely, if the site’s database doesn’t have many Middle Eastern samples to use as a comparison point, it will have trouble accurately determining the heritage of a person with a Middle Eastern background.
“Your DNA is only part of what determines who you are, even if the analysis of it is correct,” Brown wrote. “…If the messaging of consumer DNA companies more accurately reflected the science, though, it might be a lot less compelling: Spit in a tube and find out where on the planet it’s statistically probable that you share ancestry with today.”
That’s not to say that commercial genetic tests are worthless; they can provide some useful information about heritage, and they can accurately determine relationships between different users.
But if you assume that the tests are perfect, the results are in: You’re 99 percent naive. 

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Health x Body Wellbeing

Why Herbalism, And What It’s Like To Work With A Registered Herbalist

Herbalism popped up on my radar a few months back, when I was considering visiting a chiropractor or acupuncturist to address some ongoing health-related issues. I’m all for eating, drinking, and working my way toward my own personal definition of wellness, but until recently I hadn’t considered herbal medicine as an approach to managing chronic headaches, allergies, or reproductive health issues.
If you’ve ever found yourself in Whole Foods feeling completely overwhelmed by all the unfamiliar herbs and supplements you could stock up on, or if you’ve wondered what it’s like to take tinctures or use herbal teas medicinally, here’s my tell-all, plus a Q+A with Zoe Kissam of Traditional Medicinals—whose products you’ll enjoy even more once you know how they’re made and who they’re supporting.

How Herbalism Found Me

Last fall I reconnected with Charis Boke, a Cornell PhD candidate I met eight years ago at Cornell’s Intensive Nepali Language Program. I was immediately enamored with Boke. Her Nepali was awe inspiring; she was well read, well traveled, and well spoken (in the this-is-social-justice-in-action kind of way); and she taught me how to pour a beer.
Boke’s research interests have changed since we last saw each other. She studies and writes about herbalism and self-identifies as “a scholar–practitioner, an environmental and medical anthropologist who takes plant medicine and its practitioners seriously and practices herbalism herself.” In addition to her research and teaching—and leading student groups in the Himalayas—she was willing to talk herbalism with me when we reconnected.

Why Herbalism Piqued My Interest

We covered a lot of ground during our Skype session, from herbal teas and infusions to fermented foods and digestive aids. The way Boke speaks about plants and food on the level of metaphor—Roses are beautiful, but they have thorns. They have boundaries, right?—is exciting.
I also appreciated the judgment-free space she created, which wound up carrying over into my initial consultation with Kristine Brown, an American Herbalists Guild registered herbalist who practices over the river on the Illinois side of the Saint Louis metro area, where I live.
Like Boke, Brown was completely unperturbed by my self-disclosure of not-so-fun female health issues and having participated in intense group therapy sessions in 2017. (We’re talking everything from anger- and shame-release techniques involving boxing gloves and punching bags to practicing guided meditation.)
Meeting with Brown, I got to see how and where an herbalist works, which wound up being an important part of my introduction to herbal medicine. She welcomed me into her study—the front room of a saged-out farmhouse piled high with books and adorned with eclectic artwork and animal bones—and we settled in for a most interesting (and thorough) intake visit.

Interested in seeing a registered herbalist? Here are my recommendations based on my initial consultation.

Dear Curious, meet the American Herbalists Guild.

Boke told me in our Skype session that she recommended I see an herbalist in person, given the extent of my health concerns. She pointed me to the American Herbalists Guild (AHG), a non-profit organization that “promotes clinical herbalism as a viable profession rooted in ethics, competency, diversity, and freedom of practice” and “supports access to herbal medicine for all and advocates excellence in herbal education.”

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Poking around the Herbalists Guild site took the edge off my concern that herbalism might just be the kind of woo-woo that deserves the cynic’s raised eyebrow. It should be noted that in many states, anyone can call themselves an herbalist as an extension of their free speech, but becoming a registered herbalist (or RH) through the AHG involves years of study, casework, and mentorship.
It was through the Guild’s site that I found Brown, who runs Luna Farm, Luna Herb Co., and Herbal Roots Zine (meaning she is a farmer, writer, and educator in addition to being a practicing herbalist). Brown has trained under Leslie Alexander, PhD, a registered herbalist with a background in laboratory science and environmental epidemiology (all of which sounds decidedly less woo than my background in the humanities).
Long story short: If you’re ready to graduate from curious about herbalism to consulting with an herbalist, visit the AHG’s list of practitioners.

Set aside some time to complete the intake paperwork.

After scheduling my initial appointment, I printed out Brown’s 15 pages of intake paperwork, which included information about her relationship with the American Herbalists Guild and dozens of questions about my family history, physical health, childhood, dietary habits, the state of my emotions and feelings, and my impetus for seeking out an herbal consultation.
One Saturday afternoon I curled up with my lapdesk and a trusty pen and got to work. I answered the questions as honestly as possible and was impressed by how effortlessly they guided my thoughts on my experience of health. I was able to really get a sense of how herbal medicine approaches the mind–body connection, which prepared me for a raw and real discussion.
I suggest giving yourself a chunk of alone time to complete your herbalist’s paperwork because it will require concentration and a great deal of self-honesty about your relationships (both with your body and the other people in your life). For me, it was akin to a journaling experience—not something you want to be doing over breakfast with your SO, while paying bills, or when you’re responsible for supervising kiddos’ playtime.

Invest in a snazzy calendar or notebook.

Or prepare to get cozy with Google Calendar or a favorite diet-tracking app. I’ve always shied away from this exercise because it seems so nitpicky, but Brown’s intake paperwork featured a lot of questions about diet, and I wish I’d started tracking my eats prior to scheduling my first appointment.
If you’re considering seeing an herbalist but haven’t set something up yet, start logging your snacks and meals today; it’ll make the intake paperwork and initial consultation that much easier. If you’re off to see an herbalist tomorrow, know that they will likely encourage you to log your diet in addition to whatever herbal teas and other herbal supplements you wind up incorporating into your self-care routine.

Forget palm reading: Prepare to have your tongue read.

Yes, you read that right. One of the ways an herbalist might evaluate your overall health is by having a good look at your tongue—and diagramming it. “Stick out your tongue” is something most of us have heard since the days of pediatricians with popsicle sticks, but when it came time for my tongue reading (which I was expecting after reviewing Brown’s consultations page), I realized I shouldn’t have sipped mint tea during the drive from the office to her place. I wanted to have fresh breath for the appointment but wound up muddling things a bit.
[pullquote align=”center”]Herbal medicine emphasizes emotional well-being just as much as it does the use of herbal remedies for physical ailments.[/pullquote]
Among other things, Brown noted a green film on the underside of my tongue, which she told me could be from the tea or an indication of certain nutritional deficiencies. My takeaway: Stick to water the day of your appointment.

It’s not the therapist’s couch, but…

Get ready to answer some questions you haven’t been asked by your GP and to explore some unexpected ideas. I was surprised by many of Brown’s questions and my own responses, and I learned that herbal medicine emphasizes emotional well-being just as much as it does the use of herbal remedies for physical ailments.
Going into your initial consultation, you can take heart in the American Herbalists Guild code of ethics, which features a confidentiality statement:
“Personal information gathered in the herbalist/client relationship will be held in strict confidence by the AHG member unless specifically allowed by the client.”
Brown’s paperwork went so far as to reference HIPAA privacy regulations, so between that and the professionalism and open mindedness she exuded, I felt comfortable telling her anything I would share with a doctor or even a shrink. And ultimately my openness with her led to creative and insightful recommendations that went far beyond herbal supplementation.

Know that herbalism isn’t either/or.

While herbalism might seem super crunchy or “far out,” herbalists aren’t anti-MD or against allopathic medicine. According to a peer-reviewed study that included 479 naturopaths and Western herbalists, 99 percent consider documented, traditional evidence to be essential or important. The study’s conclusion: “Naturopaths and [Western herbal medicine] practitioners accept the importance of scientific evidence whilst maintaining the importance and use of traditional evidence.”
Anecdotally, during my initial visit, Brown discussed how helpful it can be to have the results from recent bloodwork, and her intake paperwork makes it clear that she’s supportive of clients having an MD in addition to working with an herbalist. Also, I did not turn to herbalism for a diagnosis.
[pullquote align=”center”]I see herbalism as a new way to approach my body that allows me to move from asking “What’s wrong with me?” to “What more can I know about myself?”[/pullquote]
I understand my symptomatology in light of diagnoses from healthcare providers including an allergist, a geneticist, and a wonderful women’s health nurse practitioner and see herbalism as a new way to approach my body that allows me to move from asking “What’s wrong with me?” to “What more can I know about myself?”

Starting the Herbal Regimen

Herbal medicine isn’t a quick fix. I would love to say I’m less hustle and more flow, but I tend toward a third descriptor: the less-sexy antsy. It takes time for an herbalist to put their recommended protocol together, but I’m used to a world where I can swerve through the pharmacy’s drive-through and have a prescription in my hands 30 minutes after leaving the doctor’s office.
When I received Brown’s recommendations via email—six days after we met—I felt like a long-distance lover pining for an emotionally charged airport reunion. It was go time!
Or not…because incorporating herbal medicine into your routine is predicated on having herbs, which in many cases means ordering them, waiting for them, and preparing them (sometimes overnight or throughout the day), all of which makes herbalism just as much ritual as it is remedy.
In between receiving my protocol from Brown and getting the herbs to put the plans into action, I had plenty of time to think about her recommendations, which fell into four categories: herbal, supplement, dietary, and lifestyle. I’ll share the basics to give you a taste, but note that dosage information is omitted since it will differ significantly depending on a person’s needs, symptoms, size, and sensitivities.

Herbal Suggestions

Herbal Extracts

Also known as tinctures (such a cool word, right?) extracts are essentially herbs in alcohol or another solvent that are dispensed from a little dropper bottle. Brown recommended a vitex, aka chasteberry, tincture for rebalancing my never-sure-how-it’s-feeling female reproductive system, and she suggested New England aster drops for addressing my allergies and asthma.
While there’s plenty of research on the use of vitex for female reproductive health (it’s formally approved for the treatment of PMS in Germany), New England aster is a more obscure treatment that’s being revived by herbalists including Brown and jim mcdonald, who both have wonderful articles on their experiences with the strong, flowering plant.
I purchased my herbal tinctures directly from Brown, who makes them herself, and they’re the first thing I got my hands on because they were available locally. I picked them up one morning before work and excitedly hauled them into the office.
Brown told me some people squirt tinctures directly into their mouths, and I’m a fan of sour, bitter, and bold flavors. So seated comfortably in a bathroom stall thinking Go hard or go home, I leaned my head back and took the dropperful of vitex straight—no chaser. It was potent, but not unbearable. Next up was the New England aster tincture, and whoa mama, I don’t recommend that.
My eyes were watering, my throat burned, and I was worried that my co-workers would think I’d had a two-martini breakfast. I learned then and there to dilute my herbal tinctures in a splash of water or the end of a cup of herbal tea.
In addition to diluting tinctures, I also recommend keeping dropper bottles of them easily accessible wherever you’ll be taking them to cut down on the hauling back and forth. For example, I take them first thing in the morning, after lunch, and before bed, so I have dropper bottles of both herbal tinctures at home and on my desk at the office, which has made following the regimen significantly less stressful.

Herbal Infusions

I wouldn’t call myself Tincture Girl (though following the regimen has gotten easier), so I was pretty excited to see if the infusions were more my jam.
What’s an infusion? Think an overnight or all-day tea. Instead of steeping a bag or infuser of loose leaf for a few minutes before sipping, you let larger quantities of dry ingredients—for example, a cup of dry herbs in four cups of water—soak while you sleep. In the morning, you have an herbal infusion you can drink throughout the day.
Brown recommended I rotate infusions of linden, milky oat tops, and nettle: one infusion a day each day of the week. According to her protocol, “Milky oats is nourishing to the nervous system; nettle is full of vitamins and minerals, gives energy, and can decrease allergic reaction to various types of allergies over time; linden is another nervine and also supportive of the heart, both physically and emotionally, and increases circulation,” all of which sounded excellent, especially considering I have a cold constitution (think perpetually chilly hands and feet).
[pullquote align=”center”]I went from pouring myself a cup to panicking that I wasn’t going to be able to follow the infusion regimen.[/pullquote]
The pound of linden—leaves and flowers from the linden or lime tree—arrived first. The night the package came I boiled a kettle full of water before bed, dumped the goods in a trusty thermos, and let ’er steep. In the morning, I went from pouring myself a cup to panicking that I wasn’t going to be able to follow the infusion regimen. I’m not a fan of the term mouthfeel, and the linden infusion did not have a good mouthfeel. Thick and gelatinous sums it up, and I was pretty much choking it down.
The oat top infusion was pleasant (and tea like), but on day three, I found the nettle infusion disturbingly strong, like straining the liquid off of sauteed spinach and slurping it down.
I felt like a failure. Had I messed up the ratios? Did I just have a weak stomach that would forever get in the way of my healing?
I texted Brown, who encouraged me to try diluting the linden infusion and turning to another herb, peppermint, to mask the “green” flavor of the nettles. The next time I made the linden tea, I used a third of the amount of dry herb she’d initially recommended; a bag of peppermint tea per cup of nettle infusion has made it my favorite-tasting herbal remedy so far.
Planning on incorporating herbal infusions? You’ll want to have plenty of mason jars on hand, and get yourself a wide-mouth funnel and a strainer set to ensure your infusions make it from vessel to vessel seamlessly.

Supplement Suggestions

I was diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency years ago and take a vitamin D supplement daily. Brown recommended I stay on that and add a magnesium supplement, which she said helps with vitamin D absorption.
Although she noted that powdered magnesium, which you’d mix with water and drink, is the most bioavailable form, I asked her to recommend a capsule. Between the tinctures and infusions, I wasn’t excited about adding one more liquid (that wasn’t coffee or LaCroix) to my routine.

Dietary Suggestions

Bone broth, cinnamon, and lentils were among Brown’s dietary suggestions, though I was pleased to get her overall stamp of approval on my flexitarian approach to eating.
I’ve definitely noticed that I’m drinking more water and fewer sugary beverages since incorporating the herbal infusions into my everyday, and I do put cinnamon in my overnight oats regularly since receiving the protocol. At this point, bone broth is still on my to-try list, and I see myself continuing to turn to various curries for the boost of turmeric associated with the lentil dish Brown recommended for weekday lunches.

Lifestyle Suggestions

Ecotherapy

I’m not a cold-weather person, and I’m not going to lie: The dreary winter months meant many nights on the couch with Carrie, Mr. Big, and the ladies of Sex and the City. During my intake visit, I told Brown I take a walk to the grocery store or around a park or my neighborhood about once a week, but that may have been fudging a bit. Her recommendation: more time outdoors for the sake of my mental health.
“Start by doubling what you do now. Instead of one walk a week around the block or in the park, try twice a week. Even a walk around the block at lunchtime is good. Make a point to seek out natural environments during the walk: Focus on birdsongs, plants emerging, flowers blooming, trees leafing out. Gradually work on increasing this until you are walking four to five times a week.”

Alone Time

This recommendation was the clincher. After hearing about my home life and routines that mean I’m out of the house a lot while my husband works from home, she suggested I “work out a schedule for alone time in the house” while my husband is gone, “so you have time to just be with yourself.”
As a married person who struggles with codependent tendencies, this was a tall order, but it wound up leading to a fruitful conversation and more of what I need. (Not sure where to start when it comes to prioritizing self-love and alone time when you’re in a relationship? Check out these tips.)

Concerned about cost? Here’s what you can expect to invest in herbal products and consultations.

According to a University of Minnesota Taking Charge of Your Health & Wellbeing resource, initial herbal consultation fees range from $30 to $60, and a monthly supply of herbs can cost between $30 and $60.
These numbers echo the investment I’ve made so far, and unlike chiropractic care and acupuncture, which are sometimes covered by insurance, consulting with an herbalist and purchasing bulk herbs and extracts based on their recommendations likely involves an out-of-pocket expense.
That said, the American Herbalists Guild’s code of ethics espouses humanitarian service, stating that members should not make monetary compensation their primary consideration. In addition to individual consultations, many herbalists offer more affordable group workshops that might put herbalism within reach regardless of your current financial situation.

Unsure about diving head first into working with an herbalist? How about a nice cup of (herbal) tea instead?

While following an herbalist’s recommendations has been an interesting and high-impact experience for me (nice to meet you, noticeably gentler monthly cycles and fewer headache days), when Boke and I first chatted herbs, she pointed out that many people incorporate herbalism into their daily routine without even knowing it. If you’ve ever sipped on a lemony brew when you’ve had a sore throat or peppermint tea for an upset stomach, you’ve treated yourself to a mugful of herbal medicine.
As my exploration of herbalism unfolded, I reached out to Traditional Medicinals—the most popular seller of wellness teas in the States and an American Herbalists Guild member institution—and was treated to a Q+A with Zoe Kissam, Traditional Medicinals herbalist and marketing manager of innovation.
Despite there being many barriers to herbalism and other complementary approaches to health, Kissam points out that “tea is a really accessible and unintimidating way of introducing people to herbs.”
I also appreciate and want to note that:

  • Regardless of your locale, odds are you can find quality herbal teas at your go-to grocery store.
  • If cost is a barrier, herbal teas may be more accessible than supplements, tinctures, and infusions. They require a modest initial investment—typically less than $10 for a box or tin of about 20 servings.
  • While items that have “a Supplement Facts label [are] considered a supplement and [are] not eligible for SNAP purchase,” some herbal teas, including certain Traditional Medicinals products, can be purchased using SNAP/food stamps.
  • You can take teas on the go. By throwing a few bags of your favorite herbal teas in your purse, diaper bag, or coat pocket, you can enjoy an impromptu tea time whenever you have a moment for yourself and access to hot water.

Herbal Tea Q+A

Kissam is a Sonoma County, California, native who first started incorporating herbs into her wellness routine as a teenager. She worked at a health food store, grew her understanding of what it meant to live a holistic lifestyle, and went on to earn her certification in herbalism and her clinical certification. As of 2018, she’s worked at Traditional Medicinals for 11 years (and counting).
Publisher’s note: This interview has been lightly edited and condensed for clarity.

HealthyWay: Who were you educated under and what traditions inform your approach to herbs?

Kissam: I studied at the California School of Herbal Studies, which focuses on Western herbal medicine but touches on a myriad of traditional herbal medicine practices like Chinese medicine and Ayurveda and even Native American herbal medicine.

What is Traditional Medicinals’ process for determining its herbal tea blends?

New products come to our innovation team in a number of ways. Our herbalists consider the need state or benefit that the tea should provide and then look at traditional formulations or modern phytotherapy that will support the best and most rational herbal formula to meet those needs. All formulas are reviewed through our [research and development] team for safety, as well as through our supply chain to make sure we can find enough high-quality herbs to meet demand.

What are Traditional Medicinals’ most popular blends and why?

Smooth Move is our best-selling laxative tea for occasional constipation. It is loved by tea drinkers and non-tea drinkers alike because of both its reliability and its gentle action in the way it works.
Throat Coat is one of our original formulas, featuring soothing slippery elm, licorice, and marshmallow root promote throat health.

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Traditional Medicinals

Turmeric With Meadowsweet and Ginger is one of our new kids on the block but is quickly becoming a top seller because of its unique combination of well-known turmeric and herbalist-loved meadowsweet and ginger. This tea is an herbal trifecta of ancient wisdom and soothing relief that promotes healthy digestion and supports a healthy response to inflammation associated with exercise.

What different types of professionals does Traditional Medicinals have on staff, and what is it like working with these different people—and learning from them—to make and market herbal products?

Traditional Medicinals employs over 180 people that support our mission-driven different company in so many ways.
We have eight herbal experts that span the company from [research and development] and marketing to quality control. Collectively, they have over 100 years of combined experience during which they have authored more than 25 books, led a wide variety of industry groups and panels, and helped a vast number of people improve their health and wellness with plant medicine.
But we have a belief that the plants call people to work in this company, and all 180 of those employees are herb nerds in some way or another. It is this group of impassioned people that truly believe in serving our mission that embraces sustainability, ingredient purity, and social and environmental activism.

Why do you think people are comfortable with teas, and what role do you see Traditional Medicinals playing in making herbal medicine accessible?

Well tea itself, referring to the Camellia sinensis plant which produces green and black tea, is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world. For me, it’s a personal connection—my mom drank a cup of tea every night after dinner and my grandmother and her friends always served tea with dessert.
Many people have rituals around drinking a cup of hot tea and may not even think about it. Many associate herbal tea with relaxation, which is an obvious reason why some of our teas for tension and stress are so popular and why chamomile tea itself, for all brands, is the number one selling herbal tea in the health and natural foods channel.
Tea, as a form, is warm, comforting, and inviting. The fact that it can also have a benefit is icing on the cake. This is why we believe tea is a really accessible and unintimidating way of introducing people to herbs.

Are your teas as potent as tinctures or infusions?

All of our teas are formulated to provide benefits and support the claims we make. There are some herbs that are more beneficial in capsule or tincture form because they are not water soluble. However, all of our blends use herbs that are quite appropriate in tea—digestive teas getting right where they need to go, Throat Coat tea coating the throat as it is consumed, and so on. Anyone drinking these teas should feel very confident that they are getting an appropriate dose of the herbs that we blend with.

What types of teas, if any, do you recommend for pregnancy, anxiety, and depression, and why?

For pregnancy, depending on the stage of pregnancy you are in, there are many herbs that can be supportive.

For occasional anxiety we have several formulas that are great to take, and honestly just sitting down and slowing down and having a cup of tea can be really helpful.

  • Our Chamomile With Lavender tea settles your nervous system and relaxes your digestive system, [so it’s] especially good when stressed or tense.
  • Our Stress Ease Cinnamon tea features a favorite herb of herbalists, skullcap, which relieves stress and irritability and promotes relaxation, plus it’s really tasty! I love drinking it in the late afternoon on a hectic day or right before my cycle starts and I’m feeling a little, let’s say, “edgy”?

Do you have any recommended regimens for regular consumption or drinking during an illness, PMS, or menstruation?

Our teas support various functions of the body and aid in conditions like occasional constipation, getting a good night’s sleep, or heart health. We have over 60 that are supportive for digestion, relaxation, seasonal care, women’s health, et cetera.
For PMS and menstruation we have a range of teas that can offer support during different phases of a woman’s life.

  • Healthy Cycle is a blend of herbs that can help regulate the menstrual cycle and can even help with cramping.
  • Weightless tea is helpful for water retention.
  • Raspberry Leaf tea also helps support regular menstrual cycles.
  • Stress Ease Cinnamon can help support irritability and promote relaxation and can be really helpful during PMS.
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Traditional Medicinals

Is it safe to combine Traditional Medicinals’ teas with other medications? Are there any specific teas that should be approached with caution?

Everyone should check with their doctor or healthcare practitioner before using herbs in combination with other medications. All of our teas include cautions and warnings on the box that are different depending on the products and should be referenced.

Are there any teas women should avoid while pregnant or breastfeeding?

Because every pregnancy is different, always check with your healthcare practitioner prior to using herbs while pregnant or breastfeeding. We find that some moms commonly enjoy the following teas during pregnancy or breastfeeding. For use of other teas during these times, please speak with your healthcare practitioner.
Pregnancy: Ginger tea, Pregnancy tea, Raspberry Leaf tea, Lemon Balm tea
Nursing: Mother’s Milk, Mother’s Milk Shatavari

Are all your teas organic? How does Traditional Medicinals decide where to source ingredients from?

95 percent of our teas are organic. We source our organic and high-quality herbs from the environments where they can be grown at a medicinal grade. This helps to ensure that the active constituents are in the right amounts so that you get a consistent benefit from our teas, cup after cup.

Traditional Medicinals is making a Throat Coat “Just for Kids.” How does it differ from Throat Coat, and do you recommend any other teas for children?

Just for Kids Cold Care is formulated specifically for children featuring lower doses of herbs and a [sweetener-free, 100 percent herbal] taste kids enjoy. Currently this item is only available for purchase online, via Amazon or other retailers. For other teas, always read the side panel. Teas not suitable for children will indicate they are for adults only and may list age restrictions.

Any tips for preparing and enjoying herbal teas?

First, check the back of your Traditional Medicinals tea box and read the instructions to see if there are any unique suggestions, such as adding milk or sugar. Each of our teas will also have a suggested steeping time, which depends greatly on the herbs inside. These practices often improve the taste of the tea and effectiveness of the herbs.
Boil water and pour into your teacup with the tea bag placed inside.
Cover your teacup and allow the herbs to steep. After a few minutes, it’s not just water that is acting on the herbs. The water itself changes as the herbs infuse into it. Depending on what compounds are first released, the water can become a mild acid or base, which in turn affects the release of other compounds in the herbs.
The act of covering your tea ensures warmth, a full extraction, and that the essential oils of the herbs, which are very beneficial, stay in your cup. This is why the recommended steeping times on our tea boxes range from five to 15 minutes for full potency.

I’ve been poking around Plant Power Journal and noticed that Traditional Medicinals has a number of other outreach and educational efforts.

Traditional Medicinals is committed to social development projects funded in sourcing communities—and women and girls are some of the greatest beneficiaries.
One of Traditional Medicinals’ programs is the Revive Project, which focuses on water security interventions in the senna-growing villages of Rajasthan, India. In 2009, Traditional Medicinals, Traditional Medicinals Foundation, and WomenServe launched the project in the Thar Desert, one of the driest places on earth, where temperatures can reach as high as 122° F. Women and girls must walk miles for hours each day in search of water for their families, crops, and livestock.
In an effort to overcome these challenges, the Revive Project’s initiatives have so far benefitted six communities with around 12,000 villagers. The project has desilted and expanded six large community ponds, dug and rebuilt 145 agricultural rainwater catchment systems, and constructed 510 taankas (underground rainwater catchments) for families in need. These taankas provide year-round water security, eliminating the need for women and girls to walk thousands of miles each year and providing them with the opportunity to attend school and trainings, engage in income-generating activities, and become empowered village leaders.

Anything else you’d like readers to know?

While tea is an accessible and familiar way to introduce people to the power of plants, sometimes people need something more portable. That is why we are very excited to debut our new line of products for new moms and moms-to-be that are convenient, on-the-go versions of our well-loved teas: Morning Ease Lemon Ginger Lozenges, Mommy to Be Raspberry Leaf Chews, Mother’s Milk Chocolate, Fruit, and Nut Bars, and Mother’s Milk Lemon Chews.
Want to learn more about Clue, the app I’ve used to keep track of my cycles, energy, and activity since implementing Brown’s recommendations? Check out “6 Femtech Apps That Are Changing How Women Handle Their Health.” Interested in adaptogens? Read up on reishi, ginseng, ashwagandha, and where to get high-quality herbs here.