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Wellbeing

5 Women Reflect On Living Childfree By Choice

If you were born female, chances are you’ve been asked—probably many times—how many children you want to have. The concepts of womanhood and motherhood are so fused in the collective human psyche that a woman choosing not to have children continues to elicit responses that range from perplexed and suspicious to incredulous and sometimes even hostile.

According to Pew Research Center analysis of U.S. Census Bureau data, as of 2014, 15 percent of American women ages 40 to 44 had not given birth to any children. Included in this group are women who adopted and women who wanted children but for some reason ended up not having any.

But often overlooked or caricatured are the women who’ve made a conscious decision to live their lives childfree. The notion that a woman might have dreams, fears, and interests that don’t align with motherhood still confounds many, but its reality is nothing new.

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Hearing these perspectives is important, not only for the sake of girls and women whose desires don’t align with the pervasive “women should have babies” narrative (and the men who remain inclined to view women’s humanity as directly proportionate to their maternal functions) but also, at least insofar as women’s worth continues to be measured by their participation in biological motherhood, for the sake of humanity.

Read on for accounts of women ages 40 and over who have chosen not to have children.

“Workplaces are increasingly inflexible and are not allowing people to be humans and care for their families.”

Alixandra Foisy is a Virginia-based licensed clinical social worker and registered yoga teacher. “I chose not to have children because I know that one must completely devote themselves to their children in order to do it well,” she says.

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While she admires those who are doing just that, she says she chose to be childfree based on how she prefers to spend her time and energy and her understanding of the economy and workplaces policies.

“I care for others through the work I do as a clinical social worker and did not want to come home and not have enough left over for my kids,” says Foisy. Once home, she enjoys the freedom to focus on spending time with her spouse. “I love my husband and am so happy and grateful that we found each other.”

Having a child is also expensive. “Wages have been stagnant and low for a long time and it is nearly impossible to save for my own life, let alone financially care for another life,” says Foisy.

Further incentive to skip having kids is the fact that the United States is still way behind much of the rest of the world when it comes to policies that protect people’s rights to care properly for children and sick loved ones.

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“My spouse and I live far away from family and it truly does take more than just the parents to care for children,” she says. “Workplaces are increasingly inflexible and are not allowing people to be humans and care for their families. I don’t want that to be an added stress in my life.”

“I’ve never woken up one day in my life wishing I had kids.”

“I am 52 and never wanted children,” says Paige Arnof-Fenn, founder and CEO of the marketing consulting firm Mavens and Moguls.

“I’ve been married 25 years and have never woken up one day in my life wishing I had kids,” she reflects.

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“I love my nieces, nephews, and godkids (three of each, nine in all) and have been involved in all of their lives, but always love sending them home too!”

“As an idealist, the reality of what and who we are has fallen far short of my expectations.”

Brandy Stark, PhD, a 42-year-old professor of religions and humanities at St. Petersburg College in Florida, says her choice not to have children was “a major decision.”

“I am the only child descended from two other generations of only children. This means that I am, quite literally, the end of the family line on my father’s side,” she says. “I have no siblings, have yet to marry, and my only living relative is my mother.”

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Stark knew early on that this was her path. “I believe that it was a good decision. I see the turbulence of today’s world, its instability and tensions,” she says. “I’m not sure I’d want to bring a child up in this world. As an idealist, the reality of
what and who we are has fallen far short of my expectations.”

She’s enjoyed the freedom this decision has granted her to do what she wants with her time. Not having children has allowed her to focus full-force on her career and education.

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Her career has allowed her to make her mark on the world. “I work with young adults on a daily basis,” she says, “so I am still shaping the future generations.”

“My sole purpose in life isn’t to just bear children.”

Ki “Tini” Jones is a 40-year-old personal trainer based in Maryland. As a girl, she wanted to get married and have children—”two boys and a girl to be exact”—and the pressure to procreate was intensified by the fact that she was the only daughter and niece in a large family of boys.

But, moving through her early 20s changed her perspective. “I quickly realized that I was just getting to know the ‘adult’ me,” she says. “I wanted to focus on career, travel, and experienc[ing] things.”

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Meanwhile, she observed the changes that children brought and became more certain of her decision. “People around me were having children and dynamics of friendships were changing,” she says.

“Most of the people that had kids said they undoubtedly loved their kids but often complained like they were being saddled down. I began to enjoy not having the responsibility and it allowed me to focus on myself.”

Though she did marry, she says her now ex-husband got a vasectomy before they even dated.

Jones’ decision has not always been received without pushback. “My mom would often drop baby hints and even once said I was selfish not to have kids,” she recalls. “I told her I thought it would be selfish to have kids and not be the best mother I could be to them.”

Her concern that she might feel burdened by—and thus neglect—her own children is no indication of her feelings toward children generally. “People think because I chose not to have children I don’t like them and that’s the furthest from the truth,” she says.

“I love their curiosity and energy!” She often volunteers with organizations like Living Classrooms, which allows her to work with children.

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Jones says she doesn’t allow anyone to make her feel “less than” as a woman for her decision not to have kids. “There are many facets to ‘mothering’ that don’t involve carrying a child. I’m a nurturer, a caregiver, a lover, a friend, a mentor, and an influencer,” she says.

“There is so much more to womanhood than bearing children. My sole purpose in life isn’t to just bear children.”

Her life’s purpose, she says, is “far greater than my womb.”

“I saw kids and all the things they need as clutter.”

Dating and relationship transformation expert Lisa Concepcion is a 46-year-old entrepreneur who helps people shape their love lives. She says determining at age 31 not to have children was the best decision of her life.

“I was married when I made this decision,” she says. “I felt that society pressures us into checking off the common to do list of life, which says: married by 30 (check), homeowner shortly after (check), six-figure income (check), kids and nannies in the ‘burbs (enter screech sound of brakes).”

“I was raised by very controlling parents so I saw marriage as a badge of adulthood,” she says.

“I lived at home after college until I was 26 and moved out six months before my wedding. Reveling in my freedom and a deep desire for my own space, the last thing I wanted was clutter, and I saw kids and all the things they need (strollers, baby seat, childproofed home, bottles, food, diapers and on and on) as clutter.”

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Through her practice, LoveQuest Coaching, Concepcion has seen that, along with chores and schedules, parenting is one of the top contributors to relationship stress. “They feel their lives revolve around kids,” she says.

“This was something I saw when my own friends started to have kids when we were in our early thirties. The interesting [thing] to note is that despite my then-husband’s dual income, no kids, [and] freedom to do what we wanted, we were still confined to the cookie-cutter mindset of 9 to 6 slavery and long commutes to and from jobs that never spoke to our passions.”

“This misalignment sadly led to realizing we were out of connection with ourselves.” After 17 years of marriage, they divorced.

She tells this story to point out that “childfreedom doesn’t make a couple divorce proof.”

She teaches that without proper self-love, an undue burden is often placed on one or both spouses to make the other happy. “Thank GOD I didn’t have kids,” she says.

“Unlike a spouse, I wouldn’t be able to divorce my kids.”

She now describes herself as “blissfully childfree” and in a relationship with a 52-year-old who is also childfree. The couple lives in the South Beach area of Miami, Florida.

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“We enjoy ourselves and live what we call a vacay-life while most people our age are stressing out over their kids’ college exams and tuition,” she says.

“My boyfriend and I are thinking about where we’re going for happy hour and how I can create coaching programs I can teach from my chaise lounge on my terrace.”

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Nosh

6 Supermarket Tricks You Still Fall For

Dear people everywhere who eat food, are you about to head to the grocery store to pick up “one jar of pickles,” “a few tangerines,” “greens for the week,” “just toothpaste,” or, the very dangerous “a carton of milk”?

If so, you are probably vulnerable to a well-known phenomenon: buying more stuff at the store than you actually went for. Or, as I like to call it, “throwing away all of my money.”

I might also call it “going to get face moisturizer and spending $50 at Duane Reade” or “buying bruised potatoes because they’re on sale even though I rarely cook potatoes.”

Friends, those potatoes are not only bruised. They will rot. They will grow little alien sprouts and make you believe that you’re living in a toxic cave—a cave where food is wasted and you are a food waster!

Grocery shopping done ✅ Ready for a nap now haha

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We’re all guilty. Maybe it’s a box of the new Trix cereal, or eye makeup remover you had to grab because of the two-for-one special. Maybe it’s three family-sized bags of baby carrots that were just 77 cents each (a steal!). Who cares that your freezer is already full of 18 bags of frozen raspberries you had to buy at Sam’s Club, or that your gut will be full of terror once you try to eat that many carrots before they go bad?

But honestly: How many bags of carrots have to get slimy in your care before you’ll admit to yourself that you don’t actually like eating raw carrots?

Why do we do this to ourselves? Is it because we love wasting money? Do we hate ourselves?

No! Some of this has been subtly orchestrated, set into action by external forces that have a deep understanding of the human mind.

To learn about the supermarket tricks we’re all still falling for, I talked to current and former big box and chain employees who were willing to give us their insider tips.

Here’s what you need to know.

1. The art of product displays really draws you in.

Wylie Whiteaker, who worked as a photo specialist and a store team leader at Walgreens for five years, remembers the merchandising for end caps.

End caps? I’m glad you ask. I, too, had never heard the term. Fortunately, Alan Ramsey of Palm Bay, Florida, has devoted an entire post to end caps (“END CAP 101”) on his retail blog.

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An end cap is the shelving section at the end of an aisle. Ramsey writes that end caps in aggregate are “one of the single largest and easiest areas of the store that you can utilize to improve appearance and to drive sales.”

He goes on to discuss the aesthetics of his ideal display style (“Single item, single price. Nice blocked look and well signed”), organizing questions (“Where is the statement? What is the theme? What is the price point?”), do’s (“Creativity is a plus”), and don’ts (“What a waste of primo real estate! This is a cardinal sin in retailing, never have empty end caps.”) God, I love him.

Whiteaker explains that there were two options for organizing items displayed on end caps at Walgreens. Ribboning (also called striping, when products are arranged vertically) and waterfalling (“smaller items on top and heavier items on the bottom”). These could also be combined. He gave me an idea of what this would look like with different products:

Ribboning

A – B – C

A – B – C

A – B – C

Waterfalling

A – B – C

A – B – C

DDDEEE

These displays are designed to catch your eye. Ramsey says the striping presentation is particularly beneficial when “you have customers who are walking along and not scanning up and down.”

The @target #endcap that is every teacher’s #nightmare. #spinnerssuck

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Waterfalling also has its time and place. “If smaller items are on the bottom … they can be hidden from view by the large items on the top and decrease your sales for that fixture,” he says. Thus small items go on top and larger items down below.

2. Stores prime you to shop according to your whims.

You might imagine that stores’ primary organizing factor would be efficiency, but nope. Jayme Palmgren works for a Midwest grocery chain doing administrative work and was formerly a shift manager. She’s familiar with the intentionality behind product placement—and it’s not about getting the customer in and out as quickly as possible with only what they came for.

“Items we wanted to get rid of went on end caps and by the register so people were more likely to spot them while they were waiting,” she recalls. Also important was item grouping: “Putting a soda display next to a salty snack we wanted to sell,” for example.

If you’ve ever felt like you’re on a wild goose chase for something inside a store or covering way more ground than you should be for only three items, it’s probably no accident.

“Stores are designed to steer customers around the perimeter,” says Jason Wilcox, formerly an assistant manager at Harps Food Stores. “Common must-get items are in different corners of the store.” He gives “produce and milk” as a prime example. (Remember what I said about milk?)

At Walgreens, Whiteaker says they were encouraged to make table displays “messy so people could see what was in them but had to dig through them to get what they wanted.” In the process of digging, they might “see other things they would want.

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But just because a store isn’t doing the messy-on-purpose look for their displays doesn’t mean they aren’t trying to spring surprise desires on you.

Elizabeth Munguia-Shabangu, an operations assistant manager for Walmart, says the superstore has made changes to maximize their space—changes that both make for a more intuitive shopping experience and make you find more items you want to spend on.

“We move GM (general merchandise) items over to grocery to cross-merchandise and help customers make impulse buys,” she explains. “The Pinterest mom that wants to have her house set for fall or summer doesn’t have to walk all the way to homelines to get decor. We put that in grocery now on sidekicks near family box dinners. But we don’t put the whole set of towels, oven mitts and napkin rings, so now you HAVE to trek over there.”

3. You may be wasting money on old or overpriced produce.

What you’ve always heard is true: When it comes to finding the best produce, you have to go deeper. Alex Kammerer, a former grocery store employee who has also worked as a restaurant general manager, advises readers to “pull from the back or bottom” of produce displays, since supermarkets “always put the oldest produce on top or in the front.”

Likewise, he says to never buy pre-cut or processed produce. “It will always be marked up 100 percent or more above what the whole fruit or veggie” cost in its original form.

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Then again, overpriced veggies are better than no veggies, and if you know you’re 100 percent more likely to eat your greens if they’ve been triple-washed and you don’t have to fuss with the salad spinner, then by all means, spend the extra money for the sake of your physical and mental well-being.

You can always be mindful of costs in other areas. For example, Kammerer says to “make sure you’re looking at the price per pound and not count, especially for things like avocados, artichokes, etc.”

4. You can’t judge a steak by its cover.

Kammerer also has a few words of advice about meat. Just as with produce, you should “always look at the price per pound to get the best deal, not the total price.”

“Go with cheaper cuts,” he says. “They might be more tough than nicer cuts but usually have better flavor.” To regain that tenderness, “just braise or slow cook.”

I met Kammerer by chance five years ago at a small bar in Madrid, where we realized we were both from central Arkansas. He said he was an aspiring chef-slash-restaurateur and later proved it by frying up some delicious calamari at his apartment, so I will personally vouch for his kitchen prowess.

While a long, slow cookin’ can do wonders for a meat’s flavor, it can’t do much for ce
rtain other qualities, like its freshness. “One thing the meat department does to trick people into thinking that they’re getting something they’re not is sell[ing] previously frozen products as if they’re 100 percent fresh, never been frozen,” says Jordan Ahne, a meat department clerk.

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“We have so many products that we get in completely frozen. Things like shrimp, ribs, fish, and bratwurst are our big ones. We thaw these items in our cooler and are instructed not to put these items on display unless they’re thawed. For some reason people think these items are ‘fresher’ and ‘better’ than the frozen items, so they tend to buy them a lot more.”

The term for this is “slacking,” according to Blake Pearson, also a meat department clerk at the same chain grocer. “Slacking is a retail slang term for thawing out previously frozen products at the store level so that they can be displayed and sold with a fresher appearance,” he says. “This also helps with logistics and shelf life because the frozen product can be stored for months without the pressure of it going bad.”

But aside from slacking’s implicit dishonesty, is eating previously frozen meats all that bad? Not necessarily. This depends on the quality of the meat at the time of freezing, the freezing method, and the length of time that a meat remains frozen.

“If frozen at peak quality, thawed foods emerge tasting better than foods frozen near the end of their useful life,” according to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The USDA goes on to recommend you “freeze items you won’t use quickly sooner rather than later. Store all foods at 0° F or lower to retain vitamin content, color, flavor and texture.”

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Some of the meat department’s other fakeouts might be more problematic—for example, unverified merchandising labels and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) practices. The former is just semantics. “Using words like ‘natural’ on packaging is the most widespread example I can give,” says Pearson.

“People assume that there is some kind of standard when using that term when there is not. Using the word ‘natural’ on packaging is not third-party verified like ‘USDA organic’ is. This is why you see such a steep increase in price in organic meats compared to the mild increase of ‘natural’ meats.”

The latter tendency—MAP—is “the most recent and most concerning to me personally,” says Pearson. He explains it like this:

“The old process of shipping fresh meats to the retail level was vacuum sealing. Now they are all cutting/grinding meat to its final stage, packaging it in trays with cellophane, then taking the extra step to put it in another plastic-sealed bag filled with an inert gas like nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or exotic gases such as argon or helium, which is injected and frequently removed multiple times to eliminate oxygen from the package. Then they throw a giant oxygen absorber in the bag. Similar to what you see in a bag of beef jerky only much larger. So what looks like an in-house, freshly packaged product may have been processed weeks before.”

5. A “sale” isn’t always a sale.

You know those “discounts” that lead you to believe you must buy a particular product (or products) right now, immediately, today? They might be meaningless.

The #SemiAnnualSale ends in 3 days! Tell us ‘what’s on your must-haul list?! #WeLoveSale

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Palmgren says that a common practice at the store where she worked was “putting red sales signs on things that the price was the same or a few pennies difference.” The pennies-difference pricing—and steering clear of even-dollar amounts—is a tried-and-true trick.

A price of “$1.99 looks infinitely more appealing than $2.00,” Wilcox points out.

Also, you know those “deals” that make you load up on one kind of sunscreen or face cleanser? Make sure you read the fine print. “A two for $5 sign makes the customer think they have to buy two items to get the discount when usually they don’t,” Wilcox says.

6. Some stores are taking cues from casinos to draw you in.

More and more, supermarkets are looking to the psychology behind the design of places like casinos and restaurants to heighten the customer’s eagerness to spend and intensify their longing for just the right item.

Consider the so-called Walmart Experience, for example. You walk inside, and what do you see? The produce department
, which is “fresh, bright, and inviting,” says Munguia-Shabangu. “They’ve taken those old big bulky produce tables away and brought in more low-profile tables to make it seem more farm-to-store, not processed.”

To maintain the farm-to-store illusion, they’ve changed their pricing stickers and “lumped Fresh Bakery and Deli along in the same area,” meaning you’re salivating over rotisserie chicken and bread that is literally just being made, when maybe all you came in for was a bag of apples or laundry detergent.

Walmart also remodeled to create stores that would be “brighter and more inviting,” says Munguia-Shabangu. “The new floor plans are open and not bogged down by high walls in apparel or in various other departments. Finding the area you’re looking for is easier now.”

They also changed color schemes.

“Gone are the oranges, yellows, and browns,” she says. “They were too dark and made the stores look dirty and dank.” Now, “walls are light blue” and accent colors might be dark blue, white, or black.

“Black and white are more streamlined and clean cut,” says Munguia-Shabangu. This more modern, sleek look is supposed to evoke “a vision of the future.”

“But probably the most important piece of the entrance is usually the TV that you see when you walk in,” Munguia-Shabangu tells me. “It’s the only indication you have of what time you started your trip in the stores.” Just like a casino, Walmart encourages you to step outside of the space–time continuum.

“There are no clocks on the walls or in the departments to remind you of your now-three-hour-long shopping trip.”

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Wellbeing

Why Girls Apologize So Much And How To Raise Strong, Confident Women

Have you seen the Amy Schumer skit that shows a panel of highly qualified women who are so busy apologizing that they essentially self-destruct on stage? There’s the scientist who studies neuropeptides, the Nobel Prize winner, the Pulitzer recipient, the inventor of a solar panel water filtration system, and the founder of a school for child soldiers.
They hardly get to talk about their work, though. When the male moderator makes mistakes in introducing them, they correct him—with apologies, of course. One woman apologizes for talking.

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Comedy Central

Another asks for water but is given a soda. She’s allergic to caffeine, though, and apologizes for requesting water. Then she is given a coffee, which she apologizes for also, saying it’s her fault for asking for the thing she can actually drink and asked for in the first place.
The whole thing spins into a frenzy of “I’m sorrys” that’s more uncomfortable funny than laugh-out-loud funny—which is, of course, the point. The skit is 100 percent absurd, but it strikes a nerve.

Why do women apologize so much?

The most obvious answer is socialization. Women have learned that to be perceived as a rude woman is to invite a much more difficult existence. “For so many women, myself included, apologies are inexorably linked with our conception of politeness,” writes Sloane Crosley for The New York Times.
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“Somehow, as we grew into adults, ‘sorry’ became an entry point to basic affirmative sentences.”
But as Crosley also points out, it’s a coping mechanism for existing in a world where we have been largely powerless. “It’s a Trojan horse for genuine annoyance, a tactic left over from centuries of having to couch basic demands in palatable packages in order to get what we want,” she writes.
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While we might hope that this pathological sorryness will fade into the background and be replaced with a self-assured Wonder Woman approach by younger generations of females, there’s little evidence showing this to be the case.
It’s a paradox, says Crosley. “Every day, we see more unapologetically self-assured female role models, yet women’s extreme prostration seems only to have increased.”
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What’s happening, then? Why is a skit about accomplished women apologizing themselves into oblivion still so resonant? And how can we teach girls to speak with confidence?

Individuation is important.

Individuation—a term often associated with psychoanalyst Carl Jung—is the process of identifying oneself as a competent, whole individual.
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Jung made a point of distinguishing between individualism and individuation. He regarded the former as being largely ego driven and the latter as a more holistic actualization of one’s self, requiring both an awareness of one’s unconscious and the willingness to sacrifice one’s ego.
“The natural process of individuation brings to birth a consciousness of human community precisely because it makes us aware of the unconscious, which unites and is common to all mankind,” Jung wrote. “Individuation is an at-one-ment with oneself and at the same time with humanity, since oneself is a part of humanity.”

In their book The Triple Bind, Stephen Hinshaw, PhD, and Rachel Kranz shed light on the conflicting messages sent to girls. Hinshaw points out that boys “are traditionally seen as having more of the skills that lead to individuation: assertiveness, self-confidence, expressiveness, and commitment to one’s own agenda.”
Meanwhile, girls are caught in a “triple bind“—told to “act sweet and nice,” “be a star athlete and get straight A’s,” and “seem sexy and hot even if you’re not.”
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“From a young age boys are praised and encouraged when they show direct, confident behaviors—winning a game or climbing to the highest branch,” writes Rae Jacobson for the Child Mind Institute. “Girls … are also told to be ambitious, smart, and successful. But for them the directive comes with conditions that hamper individuation.”
For example?
Girls are told, “Be confident, but not conceited.” “Be smart, but no one likes a know-it-all.” “Ambition is good, but trying too hard is bad.” “Be assertive, but only if it doesn’t upset anyone else.”

Confidence needs a spokesmodel.

Children learn how to act by mimicking those who raise them, especially a parent whose gender they identify with. “Girls who hear parents—especially moms—over-apologizing or using hedging language are likely to pick up the habit themselves,” Jacobson writes.

By “hedging,” Jacobson means using qualifiers like “Excuse me…” “Can I ask?” “I might be wrong, but…” and “I don’t know, but…”
“Being mindful of your own language will set an example of confident speech and show [your daughter] you support her learning to do the same,” Jacobson tells parents—presumably moms in particular.
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Still not feeling so self-assured? The solution may be as simple as faking it until you make it, according to advice from the Child Mind Institute on raising confident kids.
The institute advises parents to embody confidence “even if you’re not quite feeling it!” This provides children with a model for what confidence in speech and behavior looks like.
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“Seeing you tackle new tasks with optimism and lots of preparation sets a good example for kids,” the institute encourages. “That doesn’t mean you have to pretend to be perfect. Do acknowledge your anxiety, but don’t focus on it—focus on the positive things you are doing to get ready.”

Teach disagreement.

Some girls absorb the message that having an opinion that doesn’t align with the group’s is uppity or adversarial. It’s essential to teach girls (and all children) that critical thinking, dissent, and learning through mistakes are a natural—and necessary—part of robust individuality and citizenship.
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“It can feel scary to commit to a statement that others might not like, but learning to be comfortable with disagreement and debate will make her more resilient and give her a healthy toolkit for managing adversity in the future,” says Jacobson.
The importance of dissent and the ability to firmly say no are also imperative to the development and maintenance of personal boundaries. As long as children are not properly educated about enthusiastic consent and men are let off the hook for unwelcome sexual advances, females’ safety may depend on it.

Toronto clinical psychologist Lori Haskell, discussing the sexual assault trial of former CBC radio host Jian Ghomeshi, said she believed it was “deeply ingrained in women’s socialization” to treat the fear of making a romantic partner unhappy or being abandoned by them with “a higher psychological priority than acknowledging their own sense of discomfort and anger and violation.”

Give praise for directness.

While it may be helpful to consider out how linguistic habits are contributing to girls’ disempowerment, as a parent or teacher you may prefer to take the approach of positive reinforcement.
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Instead of telling girls that the way they talk is wrong (“Stop apologizing so much!”), you might focus your energy on identifying and celebrating when they are being assertive and praising them for their directness.
“Instead of overprizing politeness, help your daughter focus on being direct first, and polite second,” advises Jacobson.
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“Using clear language demonstrates confidence and makes it more likely her point will be heard. Work together to test out alternative statements that are polite, but direct.”
Why should we treat stereotypically feminine and stereotypically masculine behaviors as mutually exclusive sets of traits, anyway?
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What would happen if we raised girls (really, all children) to be assertive—celebrated them for “winning a game or climbing to the highest branch”—but also taught them to understand and value their emotions and the emotions of others?
This isn’t just good, egalitarian parenting. It’s how you change the world.

Categories
Wellbeing

Women Share The Compliments They'll Remember Forever

There are a lot of articles about how to stop searching for the approval of others. It makes sense: Relying on external validation for your sense of self-worth is a slippery slope.

But there’s no denying the impact of compliments. Some research even shows that compliments can improve people’s performance in the same way as a cash reward.

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I’ve experienced this firsthand. During some of my most formative years, I was fortunate to have a string of teachers whose encouragement bolstered my tenuous faith in my own abilities.

One of the best compliments I’ve ever received came during my senior year. After I turned in a creative writing project, my teacher pulled me aside during class. She looked at me so solemnly that I thought I was in trouble and told me that some of my poems were “seriously publishable.”

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I thought she’d said “seriously perishable,” but I was too self-conscious to ask for clarification. I spent some time after that cycling through what she could have meant by “perishable” before finally realizing the fantastic words of encouragement she’d actually shared.

Praise like this from her and other teachers literally felt too good to be true, but I reasoned that they didn’t have any motive for lying. Craving these compliments seemed ridiculous—even dangerous to my autonomy—but boy were they powerful. They left me euphoric, though I tried to pretend that they didn’t mean that much.

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They did, of course, mean that much to me, which is why I’m writing about them (professionally!) a decade later. As it turns out, positive reinforcement works—and people treasure sincere praise.

It’s healing to recall these moments of being seen and appreciated, so I reached out to other women in my social media network and asked them to share some affirmations from others that “reached into ya very soul.”

These are the compliments they won’t forget.

“You have helped me grow.”

A study examining whether receiving praise following a specific task helps people better absorb a skill found “that praise functions as ‘social reward’ that induces the dopamine transmission in the striatum, resulting in an enhancement of the motor skill consolidation.”

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In other words: Getting a compliment can provide you with the boost you need to excel on the job. This holds true in the anecdotal accounts of people who reached out to me on social media.

“The director of my department told me I did as well in a new position as anybody ever imagined, and as a result six more people were hired on in that kind of position,” says Kara, 27, of Mississippi, about a compliment she’ll remember forever.

Jenny, 33, from Paris, France, also cites a compliment from her boss—”You have helped me grow, and see things in a more positive way”—as being the most memorable in her life so far.

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Karri, 29, from Missouri, recounts a note from a student signed, “From one of the best students ever.” It reads:

I am very sad that you won’t be my teacher next year but I’m happy that I can still give you hugs. You have taught me so much about math, literacy, social studies, spelling, grammar, and fluency. I love being with you on field trips and at school. I will miss your smile and your kindness next year. I hope I can still help clean your classroom!

“You’re a good mom.”

Being recognized for the work you do by colleagues and employers can create a powerful surge of brain chemicals—but sometimes a compliment from a random stranger is enough to give you a serious (and unexpected) dopamine rush.

Krista, 29, was at a grocery store in Virginia when she received a compliment from “a random stranger … when I had two toddlers and was super pregnant with number three.”

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The words still stick with her. “You’re doing a great job!” the stranger told her. “You’re a good mom.”

Jill, 29, from Missouri recalls one exchange with a “barista guy” that she remembers fondly. He asked if her dad was a dentist.

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“You just really have the most perfect teeth.”

Jill calls the compliment “such a pure non-douchey way to get hit on,” and goes on to say, “I appreciated it greatly.”

“The kind of face that people pay to photograph.”

Tonic refers to compliments as “mini-orgasms for your brain” because of the way they affect the mind. The reward centers of the brain (like the ventral striatum and the ventral medial prefrontal cortex) light up both during sex and when we receive a compliment.

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“The better the compliment, the greater the activity of these regions,” Christoph Korn, a postdoctoral fellow with the University of Zurich’s Computational Emotion Neuroscience lab, tells Tonic.

So…two compliments are probably better than one, right?

For Sara, 28, who lives in Madrid, Spain, there are two compliments that remain in her mind.

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“A close friend told me that she admired me because, more than anyone else she knows, I’ve followed my dreams,” she says. “And, recently, someone told me that I have the kind of face that people pay to photograph.”

Allison, 32, also living in Madrid, Spain, says she has two compliments that stick in her mind as well.

“When I was in school, my best friend said that my eyes were so beautiful that if the world became minority report she would totally steal my eyes,” she says.

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Her other most-memorable compliment was about the same thing.

“The other day, I was chatting [with] a client in the sun (we usually meet inside his club) and he said that my eyes were the coolest color he’d ever seen, that it wasn’t fair that not only were they blue, that they had yellow in them.”

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Maybe we should all just move to Spain.

“I’m fortunate to know you and call you a friend.”

Of course some of the most meaningful compliments we receive come from friends because they know us so well.

Grace, 27, of Arkansas remembers one of her “favorite compliments to date.”

“I think you’re one of the most beautiful souls I’ve ever encountered. Despite the self-proclaimed ‘crazy,’ you’re an immediate presence in any room and you glide when you make your way across it. I’m fortunate to know you and call you a friend.”

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The compliment that Kieri from Arizona remembers says a lot in just a few words: “Kieri loves big.”

“It warmed my heart to know my friend saw and felt me loving others,” she says.

Kasie, 29, from Missouri, says she’ll always remember a Facebook message from a well-respected college friend. “I just want you to know that you are the type of person that inspires others,” the message read.

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“You are constantly the friendly stranger smiling, being polite, and just a cheery ball of love. I miss and love you!”

Ka
sie says this compliment came “completely out of the blue and meant so much to me,” especially because it was from someone she’s always looked up to.

“Who cares if you can hit a softball? You’re the smartest woman I know!”

“Praise can boost self-efficacy, enhance feelings of competence and autonomy, create positive feelings, strengthen the association between responses and their positive outcomes, and provide incentives for task engagement,” according to the same Japanese study that determined compliments also enhance motor skill acquisition.

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“I attempted to play on an adult softball team with a group of friends and I struck out A LOT. My failure was frustrating me to no end,” shared Melissa, 28, from Arkansas.

“My husband, an athletic person, encouraged me after my last game by saying ‘Who cares if you can hit a softball? You’re the smartest woman I know!’ The compliment was great, but even better was the context. He reminded me that I have a part to play, just not on a softball field.”

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Amanda, 30, from Missouri, remembers being praised for her unique writing style. “You have a definite voice,” someone told her.

“I can pick up something written by you, not see your name on it, and still know that’s an Amanda piece.”

“You seem so free.”

People often most highly value praise that they feel aligns with some essential part of themselves.

Mary from Ohio shares that her favorite type of compliment is “whenever someone tells me I remind them of my dad.”

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“You seem so free,” someone told Gisela, 27, from Portugal. “You seem like you don’t need anyone to make you happy.”

Anna, 52, from Texas, treasures the moment one person told her what a difference she had made in their son’s life. “He was unsure about going to school after being out for many years,” Anna explains.

“Told him I didn’t even graduate [from high school] but now I’m a nurse. He is now an engineer.”

Categories
Sweat

Disturbing Things Your Doctor Doesn't Tell You

Remember what it was like to go to the doctor as a child? Yes, there were needle pricks followed by colorful Band-Aids and terrifying, wooden chokey things to facilitate peeking down sore throats.

But there was also the sense that you were in good hands—that even amid the pain and the fear, there was a benevolent, knowledgeable power who was overseeing everything and would offer you some solution for your suffering. (And, thankfully, there was a solution for the vast majority of our childhood ailments.)

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Flash forward 20 years. Some of your friends went on to become doctors—friends you trust but who you’re also aware are 100 percent human with the capacity for error.

You’ve had a couple of weird run-ins with your own health that weren’t handled the best way by the doctors you saw, and you’ve been given suggestions that you decided not to follow and diagnoses that you were skeptical of. Later you found out one of the diagnoses was false, rendering all the correlated medical advice complete hooey.

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Welcome to adulthood: You still listen to doctors, mostly, but you’re officially a skeptic. You know that doctors don’t know everything and that they never will. You’re aware that there isn’t always a solution.

Even with the healthy dose of disillusionment concerning medical professionals that comes with age, there are still some things you may not know.

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Read on for four things your doctor probably won’t say to you, even if they’re true.

1. “You can’t trust my good ratings.”

It’s easy for some doctors to inspire trust in their patients. Maybe they’re charismatic, have a very warm bedside manner, or they’ve never steered you wrong in a diagnosis or treatment plan.

Whatever the case, this is typically a good thing, since confidence in a doctor’s authority may heavily influence how well a patient adheres to the doctor’s prescriptions for health. That’s why a doctor probably won’t go out of their way to let you know that their good ratings don’t always mean all that much.

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As Richard Gunderman, MD, PhD, writes in The Atlantic, a doctor’s online ratings can be a slippery gauge of quality for a number of reasons.

These include the fact that you can’t verify whether a reviewer has actually been a patient of the doctor and the lack of reliability in patient satisfaction, which often has less to do with a doctor’s skill and more to do with a doctor’s personality or a patient’s long-term health outcomes.

“Good outcomes do not necessarily reflect good medical care, and the same can be said conversely for bad outcomes,” Gunderman points out.

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“A patient with a minor and self-limited viral infection might be very satisfied that a physician ordered several diagnostic tests and prescribed antibiotics, despite the fact that such measures did nothing to hasten recovery. Conversely, a patient with an incurable disease might express great dissatisfaction, despite receiving the very best care possible under the circumstances.”

2. “I’m sick of my job.”

No one wants to appear jaded about their job lest they be seen as ineffective or ungrateful. The stakes can be even higher for doctors, though, given that the price of telling the truth might be a patient’s faith in their abilities.

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“How Being a Doctor Became the Most Miserable Profession,” a 2014 article in The Daily Beast, points out that physicians’ unhappiness has been on the rise. As of a few years ago, they were ranked as having the second most suicidal occupation.

A 2016 survey by Merritt Hawkins reports that more than half of American phy
sicians feel “somewhat or very negative” regarding their professional morale and feelings about the current state of the medical profession.

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More than a quarter said they wouldn’t be physicians again if they could choose to do their careers over.

“The meme is that doctors are getting away with something and need constant training, watching and regulating. With this in mind, it’s almost a reflex for policy makers to pile on the regulations,” writes Daniela Drake, MD, for The Daily Beast.

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“Regulating the physician is an easy sell because it is a fantasy—a Freudian fever dream—the wish to diminish, punish and control a disappointing parent, give him a report card, and tell him to wash his hands,” Drake adds.

3. “Your insurance company makes me jump through hoops.”

Though your doctor will spare you the gory details, your insurance company probably makes their life much more difficult.

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Whether your doctor has to dispute a lower level of care recommended by your insurance company or mail them your surgically removed toenail for documentation purposes, you can safely assume that they are not your insurance company’s No. 1 fan.

Illinois family physician and geriatrician Jerome Epplin tells MarketWatch that this is because the people making decisions aren’t actually seeing the patients.

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Epplin says that despite his efforts to request costly tests such as magnetic resonance imaging only when they are absolutely necessary, insurance companies routinely reject the claims—even when Epplin has good reason to believe a patient’s health is in peril.

4. “You’re going to die.”

If you or a loved one is diagnosed with a terminal illness, you will likely expect all the details about the prognosis to come from your doctor. As a New York Times article highlighted last year, this is not necessarily true.

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The article’s author, Paula Span, points to a study of 178 cancer patients nationwide led by Dr. Holly Prigerson, director of the Center for Research on End-of-Life Care at Weill Cornell Medicine.

After interviewing patients, Prigerson and her colleagues found that even when doctors had knowledge that their patients’ cancer had progressed despite chemotherapy—and regardless of their expectations that these patients had less than six months to live—a significant number of doctors did not inform their patients.

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Almost 40 percent of the participants interviewed reported that their physicians had never discussed prognosis or life expectancy with them.

Only nine out of 178 patients—or 5 percent of those interviewed—had a complete enough understanding of their illnesses to correctly answer each of the four illness-understanding questions used in the study.

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Some of this can be attributed to miscommunication (like a doctor’s usage of language that isn’t clea
r to a patient) and optimism bias (the tendency to hope for the best outcome despite evidence to the contrary—aka denial). Some of it, however, is due to doctors literally not telling their patients that they have only months to live.

Why? Sometimes it’s for pragmatic reasons: As Span writes, some oncologists believe that failing to offer chemotherapy—even when it won’t do any good—will only encourage patients to hunt down a doctor who will.

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But it’s also just hard to be the bearer of bad news—and many doctors still aren’t trained in how to properly deliver difficult, but essential, information.

Categories
Sweat

Telltale Signs Of PCOS And What To Do About It

When I was 23 years old, I sat in my OB-GYN’s office looking at black and white pictures of my insides. “See?” he said, gesturing to the round, straight-lined cysts showing up on ultrasound images of my ovaries. “Like a string of pearls.”
pcos ultrasound
This was the main criterion used to diagnose me with polycystic ovary syndrome—aka polycystic ovarian syndrome, Stein-Leventhal syndrome, and PCOS—along with cystic acne that was in full bloom, a BMI that was nearly in the “overweight” range for my height, and a sprinkle of body hair in unexpected places.
My gynecologist also told me that my relatively short menstrual cycles were proof of this hormone condition, which is estimated to affect between 8 and 20 percent of reproductive-age women worldwide.
He wanted to put me on oral birth control, which I’d gotten off of in college because I felt like it was spiking my anxiety, and metformin, a prescription medication used to stabilize blood sugar levels in people with diabetes.
I was told that the former would prevent new testosterone-producing cysts from forming on my ovaries (something that could lead to more acne, body hair, and infertility down the road), and the latter would keep me from becoming insulin resistant.
I happened to be going through a particularly intense phase of eschewing traditional medical advice, and I said “no thank you” to both. After extensive personal research, I’d decided to try to treat the condition through diet and exercise—eating a whole-foods, lower-carb diet and trying to reduce my weight by 10 percent, which I’d read could help regulate cycles.
The double-edged sword of women’s (understandable) affinity for alternative medicine is that through the process, they may become more informed and empowered about their bodies—but they may also overestimate their ability to interpret scientific studies as laypeople and consequently forego essential medical advice.
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Fortunately, this time, it looks like I was right to not listen to my doctor. The next year, living in Madrid, Spain, I went to an alternative-medicine OB-GYN, who took an ultrasound and said that I looked like I was about to ovulate (PCOSers supposedly don’t ovulate with regularity, if at all) and that she didn’t think my diagnosis was correct.
A few months ago—a full six years after my PCOS diagnosis—another ultrasound of my insides showed that my ovaries were not abnormally cystic. My new (mainstream) OB-GYN assures me that my short cycles are normal. (Though the average cycle length is 28 days, regular cycles can range anywhere from 21 to 35 days.) He also says I should be perfectly fertile if ever I decide to reproduce.
So, do I have PCOS?
My old gynecologist said yes, my current one says no, and I say probably not but honestly who really knows?
Whatever the case, PCOS is a real condition with real effects on those who suffer from it. Symptoms vary from woman to woman, and confusion abounds about how to diagnose it correctly. But we’ve compiled some information here that may be helpful to you if you think you or someone you care about may have PCOS.

Watch for these signs.

There are typically three telltale symptoms associated with PCOS, and according to Mayo Clinic, doctors will diagnose you with the condition if you have at least two of them: irregular periods, polycystic ovaries, and excess androgen.
“Infrequent, irregular or prolonged menstrual cycles are the most common sign of PCOS,” says Mayo Clinic. “For example, you might have fewer than nine periods a year, more than 35 days between periods and abnormally heavy periods.”
ovarian cysts
When a woman fails to ovulate during her monthly cycle, cysts can build up in her ovaries. While you might reasonably assume that polycystic ovaries would be a definite indicator of PCOS, this is not always the case. Not every woman who has cysts on her ovaries has PCOS, and not every woman with PCOS has cystic ovaries.
As for excess androgen, this is just another way of saying “too much testosterone.” Women who overproduce the hormone may experience symptoms including acne, male-pattern baldness, and excessive hair growth.
Let’s take a minute, though, to acknowledge that the standards for “excessive hair growth” are probably skewed. As you’ll recall, having some dark hairs in unusual places was enough to be considered suspect by my old gynecologist.

Listen to the stories of other “cysters.”

Because there’s so much confusion among both medical experts and patients surrounding this condition and how to diagnose and treat it, one of the best things you can do is get involved with a community of other women who are suffering from PCOS—or as they very charmingly call themselves, “soul cysters”—and learn from these personal accounts.
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I recently reached out to women in my own social network who’ve been diagnosed with PCOS.
Here are their experiences, some of which have been edited slightly for space and clarity.
Krista shared her story:
I was diagnosed with PCOS when I was 25. I had ovarian cysts since puberty but not other issues until I experienced a miscarriage at age 24. My cycle never returned after the miscarriage and we were unable to conceive (due to anovulation). I was sent to a fertility specialist … and after an ultrasound, hysterosalpingogram [x-ray of uterus and fallopian tubes], and a TON of lab work, I was diagnosed. Immediately I was given metformin to take twice daily, and I conceived our oldest living child the same month.
I started hormonal birth control at age 16 so any of the symptoms I may have had prior would have been masked by the hormones. I still have issues with hirsutism, hair thinning and loss, and acne at age 30. I am fortunate to not be insulin resistant and don’t have issues with weight gain. I am currently being treated daily with metformin and have no issues.
In Rachel’s case, PCOS is a family affair:
My sister also has it. Though I have ‘fat PCOS’ and she has ‘skinny PCOS.’ My sister is a urologist, and when I was still in college (19), she said I had the textbook description of it. The only issues I dealt with when I was younger were irregular/nonexistent periods and hirsutism. When I hit my mid-20s, I was diagnosed with anxiety and depression, so I was put on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
At 25, I had AWFUL cystic acne along my jaw and far cheek area close to my ear. I was put on spironolactone then and I also use a prescription topical retinoid cream called Tretinoin when necessary. I forgot to mention that I was first put on birth control at 17 after I went through a period of six months where I had no period, and then when they started again, I would bleed for a month straight. I’m currently on birth control, spironolactone, and I’m switching from Prozac to Trintellix.
My sister has irregular periods and hirsutism (hers is milder than mine). She was able to conceive after one round of Clomid and delivered my older nephew in 3/2014. She never had a period after delivering and did not go back on BC, so she had a surprise baby 20 months after my older nephew.
I’ve been told by a reproductive endocrinologist to not even try to get pregnant on my own (when that time comes) and that I should go straight to her. My current gen phys and the repro endo mentioned the name [polycystic ovary syndrome] needs to be changed because so many women don’t exhibit cysts (neither my sis nor I have cysts).
Kara first learned about PCOS in a magazine for teens:
I was about fifteen when I was diagnosed. I had a subscription to Seventeen magazine and read an article that said to see your doctor if you’d had your period for more than a couple of years and it still wasn’t regular (I’d had mine for about 4 by then).
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Sure enough I had PCOS, in conjunction with insulin resistance (these two go hand in hand a lot). My doctor put me on metformin for the insulin resistance and a good diet and I lost 40 pounds in a year without trying.
She also put me on the pill to get the cysts to shrink (apparently the estrogen in the pills shrinks them). I had 1 large cyst (14 centimeters across) that the ultrasound tech couldn’t believe wasn’t causing me pain, and two other small ones if I recall. The large one turned out to be located on my fallopian tube, so it didn’t shrink like the ones on my ovaries did. Had surgery with general anesthesia at 15.5 years old to remove the large cyst and my doctor took 2 cups of fluid out of it.
This was right before band camp in high school and having to explain my medical condition to a bunch of teenage boys was interesting! But they were all very supportive (I played a traditionally male instrument in the band). I’m still on metformin and the pill 12 years later to manage insulin resistance and to prevent the cysts from forming.
Sometimes I worry about difficulties I may have if I ever want to get pregnant, and I think this is just another reason I’m leaning towards not having my own children. It’s amazing how many women have PCOS and don’t even realize it, so I’m thankful that Seventeen article was written all those years ago!
Tiffany has jumped through a number of hoops trying to get her PCOS under control:
I was diagnosed with PCOS almost 15 years ago. I would say that since I’ve been diagnosed with PCOS at age 14, things have been difficult. One of the main treatments for this condition is birth control pills. That was quite a process trying to find a pill that didn’t make me feel terrible. Another popular treatment for this condition is a medication called metformin. This medication would always make my stomach hurt so bad. It would always cause nausea as well.
In addition to side effects from the medication, the symptoms of PCOS can be devastating. I experienced issues with the excessive hair growth, particularly on my face. The hair growth got so bad that I was able to grow a decent beard in just over a week. The hair removal process is annoying and it can also become very expensive very quickly.
Also, at the age of 18, I was told that I would probably never be able to have children because of PCOS. That was kind of devastating. In retrospect, the doctors that I visited for treatment didn’t really know a lot about PCOS. In the last 6 months, I have obtained a new OB-GYN and she has enlightened me on PCOS. Some of the issues I have, like muscle and joint stiffness, hot flashes, and loss of appetite, stem from PCOS. After many many tests and a crazy medical adventure with blood clots, it’s hard to say whether or not I still suffer from PCOS.

Seek out second opinions.

Another reason I’d been suspect of my long-ago PCOS diagnosis was that I learned my gynecologist had also diagnosed one of my friends and both of her sisters with PCOS, despite all of us having different symptoms.
Though now I know that the symptoms can vary widely, at the time I wondered if this was some kind of faddish health hysteria—like vitamin D deficiency or gluten sensitivity—that would soon be debunked or a conspiracy wherein pharmaceutical companies were in cahoots with OB-GYNs to make more women take more prescriptions.
When it comes down to it, doctors simply still don’t have a good understanding of PCOS. But getting a PCOS diagnosis doesn’t mean you have to do whatever you’re told.
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“Don’t just trust what the first doctor you see says without doing some research,” one PCOS sufferer, Sara Eaton, tells The Atlantic. “Find another woman with PCOS, go online to some of these support groups. Find a reproductive endocrinologist who knows what they’re doing. Talk to other cysters, read the articles, look for doctor recommendations. We have a syndrome that is so complicated and confusing, one of the best ways we can help ourselves is to be proactive and make sure we find the best and most knowledgeable caregivers available to us.”
When you’re not sure where to start, trust what the majority of scientific experts are saying—because science, however imperfect its conclusions, is the best hope we’ve got for figuring out the truth. Know all of your options. Weigh the costs and benefits.
Above all, keep on moving.

Categories
Nosh

How The Clean Eating Fad Is Taking A Toll On Young Women

One must stay vigilant living in the age of Trump, Mac n’ Cheetos, Scientology, and Goop. All day, every day, we are bombarded with messages designed to dupe us into tolerating foods devoid of nutrition and facts devoid of truth.
So how do we keep our bodies and our minds right?
Many of us don’t understand our deepest desires, much less the ways marketing shapes and fuels them. Although a part of us knows that something that seems too good to be true probably is, another part of us will throw skepticism out the window in exchange for any shiny new promise of perfection.
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Moderation is, we all know, humanity’s enduring struggle. We prefer to operate in the extremes of good and evil—all or nothing. Instead of letting useful principles act as helpful guides, we try to pin them down and make them cast-in-stone prescriptions.
This has long been true when it comes to the pursuit of health, and even more specifically, our behaviors surrounding diet and weight loss. Take “clean eating,” for example.
It’s a clear response to the floundering health of our fast-food nation. The movement’s guiding principle was honorable: Eat more food that looks mostly like it did when it came out of the ground. But for many of its adherents, the #eatclean movement picked up some unhealthy baggage along the way.

What is clean eating?

According to The Guardian, the earliest iteration of the clean eating movement emerged in 2007, when Canadian fitness model Tosca Reno published The Eat-Clean Diet, a book that promoted the avoidance of processed foods, especially white flour and sugar. She also focused on the importance of vegetables and reasonable portions. All of this was wrapped up in a nice little package with her other insights on embracing a holistic lifestyle.

@toscareno/Instagram

A couple of years later, former cardiologist Alejandro Junger published Clean: The Revolutionary Program to Restore the Body’s Natural Ability to Heal Itself. Junger had already been praised by Gwyneth Paltrow on Goop, and his call to action was much closer to the clean eating mandates of today.
It involved a strict elimination diet centered around liquid meals and eschewed adult beverages, dairy and eggs, sugar, caffeine, nightshade-family vegetables like tomatoes and eggplants, red meat, and more.
Flash forward to today, and the #eatclean movement still resembles its parents. The particular tenets vary depending on the individual who’s preaching, but many advocates of clean eating stress the importance of nixing processed foods and avoiding gluten, dairy, and refined sugars.
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Sometimes clean eating is vegan, sometimes it’s raw vegan, sometimes it’s omnivorous—but it’s always touted as the wholesome, pure way to eat, regardless of its disciples’ other food-related views.
The face of clean eating is disproportionately young, attractive, female, white, and affluent enough to be able to regularly afford chia seeds, kale, and coconut sugar.
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@cleaneatinggoddess/Instagram

Ultimately, all this renders the clean eating movement highly exclusive, like a sorority or an ashram geared toward entrepreneurs and those with the money to back their pitches.

How did clean eating become unhealthy?

When you start to view food through the lenses of morality, judgment, and restriction, you’ve got a recipe for disaster.
Dr. Max Pemberton, writing for Daily Mail, points out that, “as every dietitian will tell you, sensible eating is about balance in your diet, not exclusion.” Yet the gospel of clean eating relies on the notion that some foods are clean (aka good) and others are not clean (i.e., they’re dirty or bad).
HealthyWay
Meaning, if you want to be good, you must eliminate entire food groups from your diet.
“The central tenet, the very nugget at the core of its belief system, is flawed. The very notion of ‘clean’ eating suggests that some food is dirty or bad—and this simply isn’t the case,” Pemberton writes.
“It’s an inherently disordered way of viewing the world. There are healthy and unhealthy quantities of different types of food, but food in itself is just food.”

Are the tenets of clean eating bunk?

Clean eating goes along nicely with the booming wellness movement, which frequently relies on pseudoscience and a public that’s prone to mistrusting mainstream medicine. Part of this equation involves creating panic around certain so-called toxins and under-recognized sensitivities that either do not exist or are greatly misunderstood.
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Take, for example, a popular boogeyman of today: gluten. Many of us believe we’re supposed to avoid it, but we don’t know why. Some wellness gurus would have us believe that gluten is poisoning our guts.
Science, on the other hand, says that unless you have a medical condition that makes you unable to process gluten, avoiding it is pointless and potentially harmful because of the way it unnecessarily limits the variety of your diet.
HealthyWay
So what is an expert’s take on a gluten-free diet for someone who is actually able to process gluten?
“We don’t think it’s all that healthy a diet,” Peter H.R. Green, director of the Celiac Disease Center at Columbia University and author of Gluten Exposed: The Science Behind the Hype and How to Navigate to a Healthy, Symptom-Free Life, told Bloomberg.
“The things that make things tasty are salt, sugar, fat, and gluten. …Take one thing out and they usually add more of the other.”

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@chefamberla/Instagram

Many experts believe that any kind of elimination of an entire food group is bad news for the following reason.

Food dogmatism can be a vehicle for disordered eating.

Most of us are suckers for the promise of a perfect yet attainable diet, physique, and lifestyle, and Instagram celebs are perhaps the most notorious peddlers of this promise.
Their flawless images are calorie-free eye candy for countless young women who have already been primed by cultural messaging to let others tell them how they should be and what it means to be beautiful.
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This also just seems to be part of our nature, as Pemberton points out. “Humans far prefer drama, and this is why the endless cycle of excess and restriction, sin and absolution, is so appealing.”
But in a culture that’s already prone to disordered eating, it’s easy for the restrictions of clean eating to reinforce a destructive obsession with “healthy” eating. This is called orthorexia, or literally “fixation on righteous eating.”
HealthyWay
Ruby Tandoh, writing for Vice, shares of her own experience trying to escape her disordered eating habits only to be drawn in by the guilt-based guidance of eating for wellness:
“When I found ‘wellness’, I thought I’d found a way out of the storm. What I was looking for was someone to say that there were things that weren’t just OK to eat, but that they would actually be good for me.”
HealthyWay
“At the same time, I wasn’t ready to float untethered from my world of food neuroses. Wellness was alluring precisely because of the restriction it promised. There’s nothing left to be fearful of when the bad food is labeled ‘bad food’, and when what’s left is a miracle cure.”

Clean eating gone wrong is a reminder that we need to pay more attention to mental health issues.

Despite what all the headlines are saying, it’s not telling the whole truth to say that clean eating is causing eating disorders, though it’s certainly worth being mindful of what professionals who treat patients with eating disorders are observing.
HealthyWay
Pemberton says, “Every person I see in my eating disorder clinic is ‘clean eating.'” And dietitian Renee McGregor, who works with both Olympic athletes and patients with eating disorders, tells The Guardian that in the past year and a half, “every single client with an eating disorder who walks into my clinic doors is either following or wants to follow a ‘clean’ way of eating.”
“Long before ‘clean eating’ came on the scene, doctors like me would see some patients with eating disorders who would describe an obsession with trying to eat healthily. The difference now is that the whole clean eating movement gives them a veneer of respectability,” Pemberton writes.

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@goop/Instagram

“This means they can easily justify their behaviour not just to themselves, but also their families.” The result is that people are not seeking the help they need until much later, partly because their behavior has been normalized.
Shame and strict rules shouldn’t be driving your diet. Pleasure and nutrition are not mutually exclusive—in fact, they may reinforce each other.
HealthyWay
This doesn’t mean you should be eating whatever you want, whenever you want, in however large a quantity as you want. It just means that eating should be something you actually enjoy, not a shame-inducing or marginalizing experience.

Categories
Wellbeing

4 Things You Should Consider If You're Thinking About Cheating

The world is falling apart and nothing matters. We’re all going to die alone. Seize the day as if it were your last! When you look back on your life, you’ll regret the things you didn’t do more than the ones you did.

It feels good to give in to lust. It’s natural. You are but a random blip in the universe, so why not live according to what brings you pleasure?

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These are just a handful of lines you might conjure up as possible rationalizations for why you should take part in an illicit affair. Or maybe they’re the lines someone will use to try to lure you into one. Some of them are, to be fair, pretty solid reasons.

But there’s always the other side to consider. Here are four things you should consider if you’re thinking about cheating, according to experts and people who have personal experience with infidelity.

1. You may turn into a miserable liar.

Lying is, of course, a necessary part of cheating, which is itself a sort of lie. But one lie begets more lies, and for many people, this web o’ lies can turn into a very troubling situation—and not just for your conscience.

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According to the findings of Anita Kelly, PhD, a psychologist at the University of Notre Dame,

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The study found a strong link between improved health and actively not lying. According to a write-up by the American Psychological Association, participants in the no-lie group who told three fewer white lies than they did in previous weeks reported an average of four fewer mental health complaints such as experiencing tension or melancholy. On average, they reported three fewer physical complaints such as sore throats and headaches.

Still, when the control group members (those who hadn’t been given any specific instructions about lying less) happened to tell three fewer white lies than they had in previous weeks, they reported on average two fewer mental health complaints and approximately one less physical complaint.

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This seems to imply that at least some of the physical relief came as a result of participants feeling like they were “following the rules” rather than actually lying less. Still, both groups showed improvements in health when they lied less.

Maybe a little more honesty a day really can keep the doctor away.

2. You’ll hurt people deeply, maybe irreversibly.

Aside from the damage you may cause yourself in the process of being unfaithful, you might also inflict suffering on the people your infidelity affects. This includes not only your partner and your lover, but also your children, your lover’s family, your partner’s family, your own family…you get the picture.

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One Reddit user, ConnieC60, tells this account of the long-term effects her fiancé’s cheating had on her:

“I was engaged, and in the relationship for a total of 7 years. He cheated on me with a girl from his work.

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“Whenever he mentioned her, it was to [say] how annoying she was, or how bad at her job, or that he didn’t like her, or something about how overweight she was,” she wrote.< /p>

“Then I found out that he’d been sleeping with her.”

Wait, what?

This, understandably, sent ConnieC60 into the twilight zone for a while afterward.

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“It made me incredibly mistrustful of lots of people. It also made me really question people’s motives – why does X like me? What is he really after? Is this all a big trick being played on me?” she recalled.

“I was like this for quite a long time, and to be honest, if I’m feeling a little down the anxieties come back. I’ve started seeing someone now and while things are (objectively) going pretty well, I’m a bit hesitant to open up and commit fully in case it all goes horribly wrong.”

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Children may also be affected in ways that will influence their relationships in the future, according to sex and family therapist Dr. Don-David Lusterman.

“Some people have what’s called a reaction formation. Their development is not about themselves, but about a reaction to their parents,” Lusterman, the author of Infidelity: A Survival Guide told The Daily Beast in 2011.

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“It doesn’t tell you what you want to be like, [it] only tells you what you don’t want to be like. People who say they’ll never do what their father did end up doing exactly what their father did if you’re working with a negative model.”

3. Relationships that are important to you may be lost.

Despite the onslaught of thought in recent years that upholds polyamory as the new monogamy and calls the promise of a fulfilling monogamy a fiction (and the glitch in the whole system of marriage), the fact remains that “till death do us part” is still an expectation of most people who enter into marriage.

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Regardless of our intellectual willingness to acknowledge that monogamy is a difficult—and maybe even unreasonable—standard to place on human beings, the stigma of infidelity remains.

Just like lust and passion, the guilt associated with cheating is experienced viscerally, and the social consequences of the decision are real. You’ll struggle with your decision to cheat at some point, and you might not like the impact it has on others around you, either.

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Loved ones who may want to understand you might suddenly be unable to treat you with genuine respect because of the lies you’ve told. This can affect you both personally and professionally, especially depending on where and with whom your affair plays out.

Your moral compass and decision making in all areas of life may quickly be regarded as suspect by anyone who knows about your affair.

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One Reddit user can relate to this reality. He laments the damage done to his relationship with his son as his own affair unfolded:

“I took him out to dinner a few days ago, in an attempt to somehow bridge the gap between us and in some way improve our relationship. I tried to engage him in conversation but he remained quiet for the duration of our dinner. I could feel the anger rolling off of him, and it hurts me deeply to have him feel this way towards me,” wrote concernedparent38Majestic Pictures/Wikipedia


.

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“Towards the later part of the evening, when we were about to leave, he told me ‘I f***ing hate what you did to our family. I hate hearing mom cry every night because of you, she thinks I don’t hear her, but I do. You completely destroyed our family and I don’t think I can ever forgive you for that.’ He left and has ignored all of my calls and texts since.”

4. You’ll learn the power and disappointment of illusions.

According to GoodTherapy.org, up to 20 percent of adults in the United States will participate in an extramarital affair at some point in their lives.

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Although some may do this because they’re deeply dissatisfied and in the wrong relationship, others are cheating for different reasons—from low self-esteem to intimacy problems to depression—none of which will be remedied by an affair.

When you’re trying to escape from yourself, any form of stimulation can be intoxicating enough for temporary relief, and cheating is no different.

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Because the object of desire in an affair is a human being and not a substance, an affair may even seem like a more substantial and less nefarious pursuit: the pursuit of true love!

Ultimately, however, if you’re using a lover as a stepping stone in a search for the happiness that can only be found within, that person is just a fix. And like any other fix, an affair can leave you feeling empty, exhausted, and still searching for a sustainable solution.

Categories
Motherhood

Mailing Babies And Other Wacky Things People Used To Do To Kids

As society progresses (we hope) with time, it’s not uncommon to look back at the way things were done “in the olden days” with a hefty dose of WTF.

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Putting butter on a burn (a folk remedy that can actually make things worse), treating a croupy baby with a spoonful of sugar…garnished with a few drops of kerosene (NOPE), or raw chicken applied to a cold sore (?) would all probably strike most of us today as questionable, if not extremely foolish.

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It’s no wonder that children have often borne the brunt of our stupidity. Being completely helpless and often incapable of expressing their own perspectives, kids make the perfect guinea pigs for adults’ “innovations.” One of these that would be regarded with suspicion by modern-day people? Mailing babies and small children.

In the early 20th century, the postal service increased the weight allowance for individual packages sent through the mail to 11 pounds. It was only a matter of time before folks started pushing the envelope (heh) on what could legally be carried by the mailman.

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Smithsonian Institution/Flickr

“While private delivery companies flourished during the 19th century, the Parcel Post dramatically expanded the reach of mail-order companies to America’s many rural communities, as well as the demand for their products,” reports the Smithsonian.

“When the Post Office’s Parcel Post officially began on January 1, 1913, the new service suddenly allowed millions of Americans great access to all kinds of goods and services.”

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Smithsonian Institution/Flickr

A New York Times article from that year describes one such good—a baby boy in Ohio who was sent by mail to his grandmother:

“Vernon O. Lytle, mail carrier on rural route No. 5, is the first man to accept and deliver under parcel post conditions a live baby. The baby, a boy weighing 10-3/4 pounds, just within the 11 pound weight limit, is the child of Mr. and Mrs. Jesse Beagle of Glen Este.

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Smithsonian Institution/Flickr

“The boy was well wrapped and ready for ‘mailing’ when the carrier received him to-day. Mr. Lytle delivered the boy safely at the address on the card attached, that of the boy’s grandmother, Mrs. Louis Beagle, who lives about a mile distant. The postage was fifteen cents and the parcel was insured for $50.”

Another article, from 1915, describes a 3-year-old girl named Maude Smith who weighed 30 pounds and who was sent through the mail for 33 cents in Kentucky.

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“The child was seated on a pack of mail sacks between the mail carrier’s knees and was busily eating away at some candy it carried in a bag,” reports The Courier-Journal. “In the other hand it carried a big red apple and it smiled when the curious folks waved their hands and called to her.”

The reasoning behind some parents’ willingness to send their little ones through the Parcel Post seems to have been threefold: postage was cheaper than a train ticket, a lot of trust was placed in mailmen, and the idea of tiny living creatures carried in satchels like inanimate objects was funny and adorable (and, hey, some things never change).

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But, lest we get things twisted, mailing infants and toddlers was by no means common practice. The fact-checking site Snopes makes sure to point out that “it was neither a regular occurrence nor a routine aspect of the Parcel Post service for people to wrap up children, slap some stamps on them, and ship them cross-country.” Phew!

Snopes also reports that “the few documented examples of children being sent through the mail were nearly all publicity stunts, instances of people who knew the postal workers in their area asking them to carry their babies a relatively short distance along their routes to some nearby relatives, or cases in which children were listed as ‘mail’ so they could travel on trains without the necessity for purchasing a ticket.”

Furthermore, to our disappointment/relief, the pictures showing babies hanging in mailbags alongside stone-faced postal carriers are, as Snopes reports, “simply vintage cute posed humor shots taken from a collection of historic Smithsonian Institution (SI) photographs uploaded to Flickr.”

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Smithsonian Institution/Flickr

We’re not sure whether the relatively few instances of baby-mailing were more brilliant, comedic life hack or lax (era-appropriate?) parenting. Either way, the past holds an endless supply of ill-advised things people used to do to kids.

Here are a few more examples for your cringing pleasure.

Newborns’ worth was tested by plunging them in cold streams.

Dunking a baby into a nearby body of water (say, a cold stream) after its birth certainly sounds jarring, but this may not appear so strange in the context of ancient times, when stream-cleaning could seem like a fairly reasonable way to clean off a gunky newborn.

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Until you hear why some people were dunking their babies in streams, that is. According to Mark Sloan, MD, author of Birth Day: A Pediatrician Explores the Science, the History, and the Wonder of Childbirth, this functioned as a test to see whether a newborn baby deserved to continue living.

Sloan points to this quote from Aristotle (384-322 B.C.):

“To accustom children to the cold from the earliest years is also an excellent practice, which greatly conduces to health, and hardens them for military service. Hence many barbarians have a custom of plunging their children at birth into a cold stream.”

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If babies couldn’t handle the plunge, Sloan says, they “were left outside to die.”

Infants were fed from bacteria-infested bottles.

If you want to see something that looks sadistic—and that actually was, unbeknownst to parents in those times—search for images of Victorian baby bottles. 

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These glass bottles equipped with rubber straws acted like petri dishes for illness and led to the death of thousands of babies in the late 1800s, when only 1 in 5 infants was expected to live to the age of 2.

The bottles weren’t always branded this way, of course. Originally they went by names like “The Little Cherub” and “Mummie’s Darling.” How did a dangerous item elicit such sweet talk?

“The long India rubber tubing that connected the bottle to the nipple made it easier for the busy housewife to feed the child,” writes the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). “You didn’t have to put the bottle up to the baby’s mouth, or even hold the baby. These allowed the babies to practically feed themselves when they were hungry!”

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“This was considered a major move forward in the science of child care as well as a significant advancement for women’s rights, freeing them from the inconvenience of breastfeeding, including the difficulty of managing the mechanics with corsets and the need to be constantly accessible for feedings.”

Unfortunately, science was not well incorporated into people’s lives by this point, and many women were told that they could go weeks without washing what babies drank out of. Adding to the problem, the bottle itself had a faulty design.

“The rubber tubes connecting the bottle to the nipple were nearly impossible to clean and developed cracks over time, making them potent breeding grounds for numerous diseases that caused horrifying and painful deaths,” writes the AAP.

Livestock used to nurse babies with their animal teats.

When you read this headline, your face scrunched up and you silently mouthed “whiskey tango foxtrot” to yourself, didn’t you? Strange as it sounds, this is for real. Back in the day, if a baby couldn’t be breastfed by Mom, the options were limited.

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Animals like goats and donkeys breastfeeding human infants was especially popular between the 16th and 19th centuries, before pasteurization and before the vulcanization of rubber (the chemical processing of crude or synthetic rubber that makes it stretchy and elastic) allowed for soft artificial nipples.

Its popularity also coincided with “the era of syphilis, which in 16th-century France prompted many mothers to reject wet nurses out of fear their babies would be infected,” as The Washington Post reports.

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If the idea of a farm animal nursing a human baby strikes you as strange, we’d like to direct you to this quote from The Washington Post about human–animal breastfeeding, but in the reverse setup: “Women in the far eastern Russia peninsula of Kamchatka suckled baby bears, which they’d later kill for their meat and valuable gall bladders.”

So there’s that. Not a whole lot of words that come to mind—mainly just WTF.

Categories
Lifestyle

Health Myths We All Need To Stop Believing

A few days ago I gathered seven nearly full bottles of supplements, including apple cider vinegar capsules and a daily multivitamin, and put them in my trash can. I had just read some articles explaining that studies have linked vitamin supplementation with higher mortality rates.

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Five minutes later, I worried that perhaps I was being too extreme, that maybe years down the road researchers would do some other studies that would show different results, or that in a few months I would realize that I needed one of these supplements for some reason and then would curse myself for wasting tens of dollars by throwing them away before their expiration dates.

I took them out of the trash and put them back in a drawer. I wouldn’t continue taking them, I told myself, but I would leave them there, just in case.

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My back-and-forth is emblematic of the general public’s relationship with health advice. In short, many of us just don’t know what the heck to believe. It’s no wonder. We have

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But science is all we’ve got, imperfect as our conclusions about it may be. The best we can do is pay attention to what the vast majority of experts in any given field are saying. That means based on quality research, which relies on science. In that spirit, let’s take a look at four myths that science suggests we should retire.

Myth: Megadosing on vitamin C will help your cold.

Something most of us have grown up hearing and believing is that if you’re coming down with a cold, you should coat your insides with vitamin C. Whether you’re downing orange juice, taking chewable vitamin C, dumping vitamin C packets in your water, or dropping an Airborne tablet in an after-work drink and hoping for the best, so many of us take for granted that this is doing something. But guess what. It probably isn’t!

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Despite people’s enduring belief that vitamin C supplementation (often in doses far exceeding the recommended dietary allowance) is the appropriate course of action when sneezing sets in, study after study suggest that it provides no benefits.

“What we know is that people who eat a lot of naturally occurring vitamin C in foods, do have a lower risk for the common cold,” Shelley McGuire, national spokesperson for the American Society for Nutrition and an associate professor of nutrition at Washington State University, tells Live Science.

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“However when scientists isolate just vitamin C and do studies, they’re very rarely able to show vitamin C reduces the incidence (how often someone catches a cold) or the severity of a cold.”

Myth: Eating fat will make you fat.

When was the last time you felt satisfied after eating fat-free cookies with skim milk? Unless you have especially strong mental powers—which, to be fair, some people really do—your brain probably registered the experience as relatively low-reward.

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Why? Because fat is satiating. That’s one of the reasons why, contrary to popular belief, eating items with a lot of fat in them will not, as a rule, make you gain weight. They can actually make you eat less, since you’re more satisfied.

“Fat can make you fat, but so can carbohydrates and (to a much lesser degree) protein; it just matters that you over-consume the source of calories,” Dr. Spencer Nadolsky tells Lifehacker.

“Granted some fats are seen as ‘b
etter’ than others (such as coconut oil and fish oil relative to trans fats) which accounts for some variability in weight gain, but weight gain will occur when ‘excess’ is consumed (whatever that may be to your body).”

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Then why do we continue to see so many fat-free things in grocery aisles? We can thank a diet craze that took hold in the 1990s for that. Although it may be true that many fat-free items are often lower in calories, since fat is very calorie dense, it is not true that these options are always healthier. In order to make up for the loss in flavor that comes with removing fat, food manufacturers often add more salt and sugar.

“What’s really important though is how satisfying a diet is, because we have very complex mechanisms that control our total intake of calories, and it’s become pretty apparent that if we have a high-carbohydrate diet, particularly high refined carbohydrate, it makes it much more difficult to control our total caloric intake,” nutritionist Walter Willett points out.

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“That’s probably because when we eat refined carbohydrates, we get these swings in blood glucose and insulin that lead to hunger between meals; whereas if we have a diet that’s somewhat higher in fat, we tend to be more satisfied over the long run.”

Myth: Vitamin supplementation is healthy.

What if something you took for granted as a sound piece of medical advice was actually just a result of corrupted information and false marketing? This would appear to be the unsettling truth about not only vitamin C supplementation but about vitamin supplementation in general. How has this false belief become common knowledge?

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According to Paul Offit, a pediatrician specializing in infectious diseases and an expert on vaccines, immunology, and virology, it can all be traced back to one man… “A man who was so spectacularly right that he won two Nobel Prizes and so spectacularly wrong that he was arguably the world’s greatest quack.”

In his book Do You Believe in Magic? The Sense and Nonsense of Alternative Medicine, Offit traces the fascinating, tragic rise and fall of Linus Pauling, who, despite being brilliant and well respected for his early work, is also responsible for widespread misbeliefs about vitamin supplementation, especially vitamin C.

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“Although studies had failed to support him, Pauling believed that vitamins and supplements had one property that made them cure-alls, a property that continues to be hawked on everything from ketchup to pomegranate juice and that rivals words like natural and organic for sales impact: antioxidant,” writes Offit.

The problem? In application, vitamin supplementation does not work—and, in fact, it appears to be harmful. Studies showed this repeatedly, but Pauling rejected their findings.

Amid mounting evidence against Pauling’s theories (that he nevertheless continued to support through the end of his career), the scientific community began to reject his credibility. The media and the public, however, did not. They still knew him as the well-respected scientist who had won two Nobel Prizes.

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Stephen Barrett, MD, writing for Quackwatch, sums upU.S. National Library of Medicine


Pauling’s legacy like this:

“Although Pauling’s megavitamin claims lacked the evidence needed for acceptance by the scientific community, they have been accepted by large numbers of people who lack the scientific expertise to evaluate them. Thanks largely to Pauling’s prestige, annual vitamin C sales in the United States have been in the hundreds of millions of dollars for many years.”

Myth: Gluten-free is the way to be.

How many times have you heard about the evils of gluten (the proteins found in wheat)? Lots, yeah?

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Let’s see if we can do this from memory: Gluten intolerance is at the root of a number of physical and mental problems for people in countries with many processed foods, because wheat is hiding in everything that we eat, and now we’ve screwed ourselves. The story goes something like that, right?

It makes sense. We are frequently tired! We have skin problems! We eat lots of wheat! Wouldn’t it logically follow that the best thing we could do would be to eat foods without gluten and give our systems a break?

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Dr. Carly Stewart doesn’t think so. “Gluten-free foods are only healthier for you if you are allergic to gluten. If you aren’t, eating a gluten-free diet restricts the amount of fiber, vitamins, and minerals you are able to consume,” she tells Lifehacker.

“A variety of foods that are high in whole grains (such as foods containing wheat, rye, or barley) also contain gluten, and these foods are an essential part of a healthy diet. Most people have no trouble digesting gluten.”

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In other words: Making it harder on yourself to eat a varied, healthy diet isn’t recommended. Why put yourself through that if you don’t have to?