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Sweat

Why The Wellness Fad Isn't All It's Cracked Up To Be

For lunch five minutes ago I consumed a LÄRABAR and slices of deli roast beef, medium rare, straight from the bag. Also spironolactone, an androgen-blocking diuretic that the dermatologist prescribed a few days ago for my hormonal acne.
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Later today, I may go to the gym for a HIIT session on the treadmill. After I spend hours writing, I need to counteract that feeling I get of being a caged and force-fattened animal destined to spend its entire life immobile in a factory farm.
Most of this would be considered antithetical to “wellness”—the red meat, the nitrates, the steroids, the sitting, the existential unrest—but I feel well enough. My doctor, who just gave me an annual checkup complete with blood work, also reports that I’m perfectly healthy.
Notice that I said “well enough.” See how hesitant I am to embrace my own health, even when I have it completely? “Well enough,” as in, “Fine, but maybe actually not fine at all.”
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My ambivalence comes from a penchant for hypochondria, one that imagines ailments both physical and spiritual. This hypochondria tells me that a self-actualized me would not simply be “well enough.”
It—like lifestyle gurus, sci-fi movies, fitness moguls, organized religion, and Tinder—leads me to suspect that there is always better. That there is something subtly, but deeply, wrong. Something that, once discovered, will finally open my eyes to just how wrong I have been all along.
It is the quick reward. It is the constant chatter. It is the refusal to be with “that thing—that empty, forever empty” feeling that sits somewhere deep down.
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The promise of something better (read: perfection) is at the heart of everything we buy, whether that’s bee pollen or the Master Cleanse or evangelical Christianity. It’s up to us to manage our expectations of what any of these can realistically deliver. How? By asking questions and making sure the answers are backed by science (not pseudoscience).
What is “wellness,” anyway, and who is defining it? There is no consensus. Let’s just say it’s a new word for an old concept—health—and also a brand that people are using to sell expensive things.
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I can’t claim to know what “wellness” is, but I can say what health is not: the habit of wasting resources on empty promises. And the people peddling “wellness,” like the people peddling indulgences, promise a whole lot.
To help you, here’s a list of “wellness”-branded items that are almost certainly bullsh*t, according to science.

Vag Rocks

Have you heard of goop? Not the stuff in your eyes when you wake up, but Gwyneth Paltrow’s lifestyle brand?

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Michael Mayer/Flickr

According to the website’s meta description, goop delivers “cutting-edge wellness advice from doctors and experts, vetted travel recommendations, and a curated” shopping experience.
Speaking of shopping, a couple of items sold on the goop platform are the rose quartz and jade eggs, for $55 and $66, respectively. These eggs, a “strictly guarded secret of Chinese royalty in antiquity” used by “queens and concubines…to stay in shape for emperors,” are to be put up your hoo-ha.
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Why? They claim to offer a host of benefits, including improvement of “chi, orgasms, vaginal muscle tone, hormonal balance, and feminine energy in general.”
You’re advised to boil your egg first, to ensure its cleanliness. You’re also given instructions on how you might cleanse it spiritually—”you can put it out under the light of a full moon,” for example.
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As great as these eggs sound, however, they appear to be useless, if not dangerous. According to Dr. Jen Gunter, an OB/GYN and a pain medicine physician, there are a few problems.
First, “the claim that they can balance hormones is, quite simply, biologically impossible.” While it’s true that “[p]elvic floor exercises can help with incontinence and even give stronger orgasms for some women…they cannot change hormones,” Gunter writes in an open letter to Ms. Paltrow.
Second, there’s the suggestion that women should sleep with these eggs inside them. “[J]ade is porous which could allow bacteria to get inside and so the egg could act like a fomite,” she writes. “This is not good, in case you were wondering. It could be a risk factor for bacterial vaginosis or even the potentially deadly toxic shock syndrome.”
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Third, “your pelvic floor muscles are not meant to contract continuously,” so the suggestion to walk around with them inserted is decidedly not good advice. “For women who want to use a device to help with Kegel exercises I suggest using weights made with medical grade silicone or plastic and to not wear them for long periods of time,” Gunter says.

Steam Douching

If you’re in LA, there is something that you simply must do, according to goop: get hot air blown into your lady parts.
The “V-steam” goes like this: “You sit on what is essentially a mini-throne, and a combination of infrared and mugwort steam cleanses your uterus, et al. It is an energetic release—not just a steam douche—that balances female hormone levels.”
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Dr. Gunter’s response? “Don’t.” She writes:
“We don’t know the effect of steam on the lower reproductive tract, but the lactobacilli strains that keep vaginas healthy are very finicky about their environment and raising the temperature with steam and whatever infrared nonsense Paltrow means is likely not beneficial and is potentially harmful.
“Some strains of lactobacilli are so hard to cultivate outside of this the very specific vaginal environment that growing them in a lab is next to impossible. There is also the possibility that the ‘steam’ from these plants could contain volatile substances that are harmful to lactobacilli or other aspects of the vaginal ecosystem.”

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Sassy Green Garden Diva Productions/YouTube

Got it! No to steam douching—or really any douching at all. You don’t have to tell us twice.

Juice Cleanses

The glory days of the juice fast have now faded, and here’s why: It actually isn’t very healthy. Sure, it’s fruit and it’s vegetables. But, as The Washington Post puts it, juicing “takes healthy fruits and vegetables and makes them much less healthy.”
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You know the seeds, the membranes, the meat of the fruit? You need it. “That is where most of the fiber, as well as many of the antioxidants, phytonutrients, vitamins and minerals are hiding,” reports The Washington Post.
“Fiber is good for your gut; it fills you up and slows the absorption of the sugars you eat, resulting in smaller spikes in insulin. When your body can no longer keep up with your need for insulin, Type 2 diabetes can develop.”
To add to the problem, juice does not register in the stomach the same way that other, whole foods do, meaning that your liquid meal will likely leave you much less satisfied than a solid meal with the same number of calories.
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The takeaway? Drink less juice, more water.

Detoxing in General

By now, you have heard about all the toxins you’re ingesting daily. These toxins, though difficult to define, are literally everywhere. They’re in your bar soap, on your food, in your dog’s food, in your face lotion with SPF…you get the picture.
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Many products advertise their ability to “detox” or “cleanse” your body, sometimes targeting specific organs like the liver. But what exactly are they accomplishing?
Nothing good, according to experts. “There is something to be said for doing ‘food resets.’ That is, going back to the basic tenets of healthful eating (mainly eating whole, minimally processed, largely plant-based foods) to reaccustom the taste buds to more subtle flavors,” registered dietitian Andy Bellatti tells Lifehacker.
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But this is different from a cleanse, during which your body is more likely to be breaking itself down because of insufficient macronutrients like protein.
“Nutrition and health is about the big picture,” Bellati says. “What you do for five or seven days out of the year is pretty inconsequential.”
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So: Cut out the cleanses, and eat more fruits and vegetables every day instead. But you already knew this, somewhere deep down.

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Sweat

5 Of The Strangest Medication Side Effects

One night a handful of years ago I was texting with this guy. I don’t remember what we were texting about. For some reason I want to say we were texting about pizza?
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Anyway, let’s say it was pizza. We were just having a normal conversation, and then suddenly everything changed. His texts became strange. Words were poorly spelled. Some sentences were pure gibberish. I wondered if he’d overdone it at a party—while we were talking. I wondered if he was having a stroke.
It occurred to me then that these texts were from a different person entirely. Someone had clearly broken in his home and stolen his phone. I imagined him lying on the carpet near his couch, maybe on the kitchen tile, knocked out, the door wide open, some youth texting me.
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Then the texts stopped. I think I tried to call him, and nobody picked up. I fretted. Should I alert the police? What if he was just sick, or being weird, or one of his friends or even a random child—but whose?—had taken his phone? How embarrassing would it be if I treated this like an emergency when it was not, in fact, an emergency?
In the end, I chose sleep.
Thankfully, my intuition (and not my worst-case-scenario imagination) had been solid: Apparently he, too, had chosen sleep, only the Ambien-induced kind. In the morning he apologized and said it had kicked in while he was still awake, causing the wonky texts.
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But that’s not even the weirdest thing this medicinal sleep aid can make you do. Read on for five of the strangest medication side effects, including more Ambien-induced weirdness.

1. Eating in Your Sleep

As Sarah Fazeli writes for xoJane in “I Just Sabotaged My Perfect Weight Watchers Week By Sleep-Eating on Ambien,” consuming food while asleep is a real thing that happens to some people who take the magical sleeping elixir also known as Ambien.
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(“If you take Ambien and miss the ‘window’ for falling asleep, you run the risk of Ambi-texting, Ambi-binging, Ambi-dialing, and Ambi-ing any other activity…” she writes. “Kind of scary.”)
Fazeli says she doubled up on the dosage of the sedative–hypnotic med during a visit to her parents’ home, hoping the extra Ambien would counteract a change in time zone. (Though upping from 5 mg to 10 mg, this was still within the prescribed range.)
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That night, she had a vivid dream featuring Toll House chocolate chips, lemon cookies, and Butterfinger-flavored Slim Fast bars.
“All dressed and ready for the day, I went downstairs and that’s when I saw it: a menagerie of packaged food products, open and strewn about the kitchen floor!” she writes. “There were foil and clear plastic wrappers scattered in and around the trash can, and dirty bowls and plates in the sink.”
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Fazeli isn’t alone. In 2006, the New York Times ran a piece confirming what many likely had already learned from firsthand experience:
“…Ambien seems to unlock a primitive desire to eat in some patients, according to emerging medical case studies that describe how…users sometimes sleepwalk into their kitchens, claw through their refrigerators like animals and consume calories ranging into the thousands.”
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The article tells the story of one woman, Ms. Evans, who was recovering from back surgery when her son came to visit. “The first night her son was there, he found her standing in the kitchen, body cast and all, frying bacon and eggs,” writes Stephanie Saul. “The next night he found her eating a sandwich, Ms. Evans said, and sent her back to bed.”
Honestly sounds exactly like me during college on Friday nights after going out, but I can only imagine how much more disconcerting this would be when you could have sworn you’d ended your night in bed.

2. A Black Hairy Tongue

Let’s say you did some late-night binging, possibly even as you thought you were asleep. How might you counteract the next day’s inevitable stomach discomfort?
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Pepto-Bismol, right? It’s one of the most familiar treatments for “nausea, heartburn, indigestion, upset stomach, diarrhea,” with that friendly pink color to boot. But what if the bubble-gum color was masking a sinister side effect, like black hairy tongue?
Yes, black hairy tongue is real, and it’s terrifying. (Okay, so it actually isn’t that terrifying; it’s apparently “harmless” and “easily remedied by good old-fashioned oral hygiene.”)
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The scary-sounding condition is caused by an overgrowth of bacteria or yeast in the mouth, which can be a side effect of medications containing bismuth, such as good old Pepto-Bismol.

3. Compulsive Gambling

Ropinirole, or Requip, is used by people with Parkinson’s disease or restless legs syndrome.
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Some of the side effects sound run of the mill—constipation, dizziness, increased sweating, lightheadedness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, weakness—but then you get to some…different sounding ones.
For example, “Falling Asleep During Activities of Daily Living,” as listed in the medication’s guide.
Frightening and dangerous as it may sound to randomly fall asleep while driving, this is not so out of the ordinary as one of Requip’s other possible side effects: compulsive gambling.
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“Researchers monitored the medical records of 267 patients who were taking Ropinirole between July 1, 2004, and June 30, 2006, and found that…nearly 20 percent of the subjects were documented with hypersexuality as well as experiencing the new-onset of compulsive gambling,” reports Men’s Health on findings published in the Mayo Clinic Proceedings.

4. A British Accent

Okay, so technically this is a side effect from a medical procedure rather than medicine, but it’s too wild not to include. Imagine going in for a jaw surgery with a Southern accent and waking up with a British one.
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Though it sounds like something out of a science-fiction movie, that’s exactly what happened to Lisa Alamia last year. The Texan woman of Mexican descent had a distinct drawl before being operated on. After surgery, you might have guessed she was from the U.K.
“I didn’t notice it at first,” Alamia told CNN. “But my husband told me I was talking funny. My surgeon thought it was just a physical result of the surgery and that it would go away as I healed.”

Foreign-accent syndrome is an extremely rare condition that’s been observed in around 100 people over the last century.
The trigger can be neurogenic, psychogenic, or some combination of the two, Julie Beck writes in The Atlantic—neurogenic referring to some kind of traumatic brain injury, and psychogenic meaning caused by a psychiatric disorder such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

5. Blue Pee

Your pee says a lot about you.
If it’s dark, cloudy, or strong smelling, you probably aren’t drinking enough water. Or maybe you’re just consuming a lot of asparagus, coffee, and McDonald’s cheeseburgers with onions.
(According to WebMD’s symptom checker, the stank could be from a more serious cause like a urinary tract or kidney infection. And although dark urine likely just means you’re dehydrated, be aware that it might indicate a liver problem.)
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If the liquid you leave in the toilet looks more like a softly brewed green tea or a watered-down original-flavor Gatorade, you’re in the clear. Congratulations!
In some cases, however—as happens with certain medications—your urine can take on other less typical shades. Rifampin or phenazopyridine, which treat tuberculosis and urinary problems, respectively, can cause red urine. Laxatives created from senna leaves and cascara bark can cause black urine.
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Promethazine (for allergies and motion sickness), cimetidine (for ulcers and acid reflux), amitriptyline (an antidepressant), metoclopramide (for gastroesophageal reflux disease, aka GERD), and indomethacin (a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory pain reliever) have all been associated with green urine.
But by far the most aesthetically thrilling surprise color for urine to be, in my opinion, is blue. This can be caused by amitriptyline, indomethacin, or the anesthetic propofol (aka Diprivan).
Pretty far out, as far as side effects go. Is anyone else craving Kool-Aid?

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Lifestyle

Professional Housekeepers Share Must-Know Cleaning Hacks

If you could see my room right now, you would judge me.

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It’s almost 10 p.m., and I’m sitting on an unmade bed surrounded by four notebooks, two cups, chocolate truffles, various paper scraps (why?), and a package of smoked sausages.

On every surface or corner, there are clothes: clean clothes drying on a rack, dirty clothes that I hope(d) to re-wear thrown on the floor and over chairs, clothes that are still sandy from the beach hanging limp from wooden knobs, clothes piled on other clothes so I’m not sure what they are.

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There’s an ironing board, boxes, a trash bag full of clothes I meant to give away when I started (but never finished) spring cleaning in May. There are boxes of unopened toothpaste, books, some old posters I got for free at a museum exhibit maybe a year ago, bags, binders, makeup, lotions, all of the dust. Crumbs. Tiny insects.

And the receipts. Oh sweet Lord, the receipts. How are there so many?

Imagine taking the contents of a big wooden office desk (the kind filled with file folders and little trinkets like paper clips, erasers from the 1990s, and sticky tack) and just dumping it all out into a pile. There. That’s my room.

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Maybe this sounds romantic to you, as you read this from far away, perhaps in an organized space that seems to you predictable and anesthetized. I assure you that it is not.

It’s true that there is some evidence suggesting

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Since we know that habits are the basis of change and that one change can have a domino effect setting off other similar changes, let’s try, together, to get this one thing right: cleaning.

We both know I need this more than you do. But imagine if you could stop wasting time with bogus life hacks and instead get insider tips from the professionals. Who better to teach us (me) about cleaning than the people who do it for a living?

Join me in learning about these seven truly astounding housekeeping hacks, as shared by the pros.

Clean with your socks.

The problem: Your tile and hardwood floors are always a dusty mess.

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The solution: Wear microfiber socks, which capture dirt and dust, around the house. Sonya Joseph, owner of Solutions by Sonya, tells Glamour that she wears them whenever she’s walking around her home.

She has multiple pairs so that she can switch them out when she needs to.

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“I might only wear them for a couple hours, but all the dust in the house sticks to my socks and I just toss them in the laundry,” she explains. “And my floors feel clean and tidy all week long.”

Fix stuff with mayonnaise.

The problem: Your bedside table has water rings, or there’s a sticker on something that won’t come off.

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The solution: Meg Roberts, president of Molly Maid, tells Refinery29 that mayonnaise can remove marks and water rings on wooden surfaces.

All you need to do is to put a quarter-size dollop of the creamy condiment on a clean cloth, which you’ll use to buff the surface until the stains are gone.

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As for the stickers, Debra Johnson from Merry Maids tells Refinery29 has another useful tip.

The key to their removal is to take a half a cup of Hellmann’s (or whatever), slather it over the sticker completely, and let the thing sit overnight.

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In the morning, the sticker will peel away easily and you can wash the item. (But wouldn’t that be funny if you just left it covered in mayo?)

Wash your blender by…blending.

The problem: Hand-washing blender blades is tedious and kind of dangerous.

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The solution: HomeZadaRosy Blu


cofounder Elizabeth Dodson tells Glamour about a safe, efficient method for cleaning your blender: Use it.

“Put a little soap and water into your blender and with the lid on, turn the blender on,” she says. 

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“You will see the blender clean in front of your eyes. Now rinse and let your blender pieces dry. No cuts!”

Use your morning tea to make your bathroom mirror sparkle.

The problem: Your bathroom mirror looks like it’s had tiny particles of food and spit hurled its way on the regular. Because it has.

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The solution: Let the last couple swallows of your English Breakfast do some shining action.

“Black tea and the tannin acid in it are your best friends when it comes to cleaning your bathroom mirror,” Go Cleaners London housekeeper Harriet Jones tells Glamour.

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“Brew a pot and use a clean cloth to wipe it over mirror and you are done.”

Hide dust with books.

The problem: Dusting, like life, can be boring and hard and often feel pointless.

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The solution: Don’t do it (dusting, that is)!

Certified professional organizer Amy Trager tells Glamour that putting books on the edge of your shelves will cut down on the amount of dusting you have to do.

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“Not only does it look great, but this style doesn’t allow dust to accumulate on the shelves in front of the books,” she says. “It settles behind the books, but no one ever sees that. Less dusting!”

Clean your toilet bowl with denture tablets.

The problem: Toilet bowls are friggin’ disgusting.

The solution: Denture tablets (!!!) Who knew? (Apparently a lot of people, but whatever.) There are a couple of variations on this trick.

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Option one is that you take a single denture tablet, plop it in the bowl, and let it do its fizzy thing before you flush the toilet. No scrubbing necessary.

Option two requires you to hold your bladder through the night. Before going to bed, put a denture tablet and one cup of white vinegar in the toilet bowl, allowing the mixture to sit overnight before you scrub and flush.

Which option you choose will likely depend a lot on how dirty your toilet bowl is. Maybe you can have a cleaning kickoff with option two, then maintenance with option one.

We’re ready to get it together with these simple tips. How about you?

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Nosh

Secrets Food Manufacturers Don't Tell You That Could Change The Way You Eat

Our lives hinge on trust.

When we drive, we trust the people around us to operate the thousands of pounds of steel that are under their control responsibly and in accordance with traffic rules. We trust experts in a particular field to give us accurate information about subjects that we don’t have the time or resources to fully understand ourselves.

And we trust that the food we eat contains the ingredients it says it contains, is handled in a way that is sanitary, and aligns with the standards of its claimed attributes (e.g., nut free, organic, free range, kosher).

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Food quality has not always been so controlled, however. An excerpt from Upton Sinclair’s 1906 novel The Jungle paints a vivid picture of Chicago’s meatpacking industry before federal regulations existed:

“There was never the least attention paid to what was cut up for sausage; there would come all the way back from Europe old sausage that had been rejected, and that was moldy and white—it would be dosed with borax and glycerine, and dumped into the hoppers, and made over again for home consumption. There would be meat that had tumbled out on the floor, in the dirt and sawdust, where the workers had tramped and spit uncounted billions of consumption germs.

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“There would be meat stored in great piles in rooms; and the water from leaky roofs would drip over it, and thousands of rats would race about on it. It was too dark in these storage places to see well, but a man could run his hand over these piles of meat and sweep off handfuls of the dried dung of rats. These rats were nuisances, and the packers would put poisoned bread out for them; they would die, and then rats, bread, and meat would go into the hoppers together.

“This is no fairy story and no joke; the meat would be shoveled into carts, and the man who did the shoveling would not trouble to lift out a rat even when he saw one—there were things that went into the sausage in comparison with which a poisoned rat was a tidbit.”

Feeling a bit queasy? You aren’t alone. The novel’s details, which Sinclair gleaned over weeks spent touring Chicago’s stockyards and slaughterhouses, created such public outrage that they led to the passage of food-safety legislation that same year.

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Sinclair’s intent had been to move readers to consider the tragic lot faced by The Jungle‘s protagonist, an immigrant laborer, but it was disgust that stuck in the back of their throats. “I aimed at the public’s heart,” Sinclair would say after the book was published, “and by accident I hit it in the stomach.”

The stomach is a powerful place to be hit. And though we’ve come a long way since poisoned-rat sausage, food quality in the U.S. still has its faults—which is why it’s important that we continue educating ourselves as consumers about what exactly we’re putting in our bodies.

Reader’s Digest did the work of collecting insights from company executives, marketers, and food scientists about what’s really up with our food. Some of the secrets they found may just change the way you eat.

Things are not always as they seem

“Manufacturers can hide things under natural flavoring,” says Jason Burke, founder of the grass-fed beef jerky company New Primal. “When I started in this business and was interviewing possible partners, I was shocked at the amount of deception. Manufacturers and copackers would ask what ingredients I was using for preservation, and then they would tell me, ‘You know you can use X or Y—just call it natural flavoring on the package. No one will know.'”

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This is why we need disinterested outside parties monitoring the behavior of food companies. Humans’ tendency toward in-group favoritism is a well-known phenomenon, and this can easily translate into corruption when an in-group holds any kind unchecked power.

Go for whole grain, not multigrain.

By now, you’ve probably gotten the message that bread with “grain” in the title is nutritionally superior to white bread. Refined grains, such as the flour used to make white bread, have been processed in such a way that key vitamins, minerals, healthy fats, protein, and fiber are no longer present.

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Staring down a loaf of multigrain bread, you might imagine that it’s still got all the good stuff intact. But as nutritionist Katherine Tallmadge tells Reader’s Digest, it’s a trick!

“The term multi-grain usually means a product is not a healthy choice,” she says. “People confuse it with whole grain, but all it means is that several kinds of grain were used. The first ingredient should be whole grain.”

“All multigrain means is that the product contains more than one type of grain—they may be refined and stripped of their natural nutrients and fiber,” registered dietitian Carrie Dennett tells The Kitchn. “If you like the idea of multigrain breads and other products, make sure that those grains are also whole grains. Read the ingredient list and look for the word whole before each type of grain or flour listed.”

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Nutritionist Jennifer Adler advises in The Kitchn to “look for claims like 100% whole wheat or 100% whole grain” and she says that “[t]he first ingredient on the ingredient list should be a whole grain.”

Can’t pronounce an ingredient? Look it up.

You’ve likely heard before that you shouldn’t eat foods with ingredients that you can’t pronounce. Although it certainly won’t hurt you to stick to whole foods that don’t require an ingredients list—especially long, unfamiliar ones—this advice doesn’t always hold up.

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“I think that reflects an ignorance of chemistry and nutrition,” says food scientist Kantha Shelke. “Take riboflavin, cobalamin, and pyridoxamine. They’re big words and sound like things you don’t want in your food, but they are actually all forms of vitamin B, and skipping them can be detrimental to your health.”

“Instead of being scared of ingredients you don’t know,” she advises, “educate yourself.”

Be skeptical of organic.

If you’ve ever decided to “go organic” and almost passed out at the cash register once your total had been rung up, you know that buying groceries this way is not an option for everyone. Many have assumed, though, that this would be the ideal way to eat if they could afford it.

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This isn’t necessarily true.

“Organic foods are the new kids on the block, so producers are fighting aggressively for market share,” says Bruce Chassy, a food safety and nutrition scientist and professor emeritus at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. “One way they can increase sales is by convincing you that all chemicals are bad, [genetically modified organisms] (GMOs) are bad, pesticides are bad—and some of that has no basis in science or fact. That makes it very confusing for consumers.”

The benefits of buying organic have been regarded with skepticism for a while, but a 2016 meta-analysis of data pooled from more than 200 studies did suggest that organic food may be more nutrient dense.

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Keep in mind that there is always a lot of room for murkiness in labeling, though, so when you decide that you do want to buy something organic, be sure to educate yourself about what you’re really purchasing.

Before you shell out so much cash for that extra-virgin olive oil…

Olive oil is expensive, but we continue to buy it because it’s delicious and, we assume, good for us. Before you spend a lot on a big old bottle of the stuff, though, make sure it’s the real deal.

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“Your extra-virgin olive oil may actually be a lower-grade oil,” says Dan Flynn, executive director of the University of California, Davis Olive Center. “In our research, approximately 70 pe
rcent of bottles pulled off supermarket shelves were either rancid or did not meet the criteria for the extra-virgin grade.”

He advises finding quality stuff by looking “for a dark glass or tin container, which protects the oil from light, and a harvest date, which better producers often include on the bottle.”

Into Greek yogurt? You should know about this.

It’s no secret that companies will do lots of shady things to save time or money, and yogurt companies are no different.

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“Watch out for Greek yogurt that is not authentically strained,” warns Melanie Warner, author of Pandora’s Lunchbox: How Processed Food Took Over the American Meal. “Some manufacturers will use add-ins instead of straining the yogurt to make it thick. How to tell: If you see either whey protein concentrate or milk protein concentrate on the ingredients list, the company is taking shortcuts.”

(No) surprise: Approach meat with caution.

When it comes to buying and consuming meat, it pretty much comes down to choosing the lesser of the evils, of which there are many. If you’re like me, you know that nitrites and nitrates are bad, but you’re not really sure why. Apparently, manufacturers of hot dogs, cold cuts, and bacon have caught on to this ignorance and are trying to use it to their advantage.

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“When the label on meat says no nitrates or nitrites added, that’s incorrect,” says Joseph Sebranek, professor of meat science at Iowa State University.

“Most of those products take celery powder, which is very high in natural nitrates, and convert it into a chemical that, in the lab, is no different from the traditional version.”

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The trouble appears to lie with cured meats generally. “One concern about processed meats is that nitrites can combine with compounds found in meat at high temperatures to fuel the formation of nitrosamines, which are known carcinogens in animals,” reports the Associated Press.

“It’s a chemical reaction that can happen regardless of the source of the nitrites, including celery juice.”

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If you’re more of a seafood person, make sure you’re checking out its country of origin. Beware, specifically, of shrimp. According to Dave Love, a researcher at the Center for a Livable Future at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health:

“The FDA inspects less than 2 percent of our seafood imports, while the European Union inspects 20 to 50 percent of theirs. Since 90 percent of our seafood comes from other countries, banned drug residues and unwanted contaminants could be getting in. If you can, choose domestic seafood (the FDA requires that seafood be labeled with its country of origin), especially if you buy shrimp, because when it is inspected, it fails more than other products.”

Above all, eat more fruits and vegetables

When in doubt, there is one golden rule of health that has never gone out of style: Consume more produce.

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“It can get overwhelming with all the advice that’s out there, but the number one basic step you can take is simply to eat more fruits and veggies,” says Bruce Bradley, former marketing executive for General Mills and the author of Fat Profits. “If you want to go further, cook more.”

And go eat a salad.

Categories
Sweat

Eyeborg: The Man With A Camera For An Eye

Imagine this: You are a waitress in a busy restaurant. As you’re taking orders at a new table, one man turns to you with his eye glowing red.

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Do you…

A) Involuntarily drop something as you realize that you are staring into the face of a seemingly indestructible humanoid cyborg sent to assassinate you and expect, when you look up, to lock eyes with a handsome stranger sitting at the bar who, though you don’t know it yet, is likely a soldier sent from the future to protect you at all costs, one who will make love to you like it’s 1984, giving you a son destined to lead humanity in a war against the machines? Or,

B) Struggle not to look at his eye. Politely ask, “What would you like to order, sir?”

If you’re waiting tables in Toronto, the answer is 100 percent B, which should surprise no one. (Insert stereotype about Canadian politeness.)

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Rob Spence, a man with a glowing red eye, learned this firsthand in May at a dinner out in the city. It’s impossible to know how Spence would’ve reacted had the Toronto waitress responded with option A, though we can say that he would’ve agreed with at least one of its premises: he is a cyborg.

Eyeborg

When he was 9 years old, Rob Spence shot his eye out. He was in Ireland visiting his grandpa when a shotgun he’d aimed at a pile of cow dung reared back and smashed into his face, damaging his right eye so badly that he was declared legally blind, despite having a healthy left eye and some remaining vision in his right.

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Brian Zak (via New York Post)

Now 44, the Coburg, Ontario, resident has combined his interests as a documentarian and his prosthetic eye and created something new: a tiny wireless video camera capable of recording what he sees.

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Spence first looked into eye cameras about a decade ago, when his damaged eye began to swell and his cornea started deteriorating. Doctors told him he would have to replace it. The recording prosthetic device’s first iteration—built in 2008 after collaboration with camera makers, engineers, and tech partners—contained a radio frequency micro-transmitter not connected to the optic nerve that allowed him to record others, even though he was not able to see out of it directly.

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Spence continues to only use the eye camera for special projects—that is to say, not for keeping track of his every waking moment. Red LED light alerts others when the eye camera is recording, which it can only do for half an hour before sputtering out of battery.

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Even though Spence has referred to himself as “Eyeborg,” and his laser-looking eye brings out pretty obvious comparisons to the Terminator, people’s willingness to acknowledge his physical differences directly IRL depends a lot on the setting.

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“In this city, people are very polite, and don’t want to call attention to my eye,” Spence told Motherboard, referring to Toronto, where he was attending a robotics and high-tech prostheses conference. “But in Brazil, for example, they wanted to engage with me.”

The Singularity

When I hear the term “the singularity,” I just think of The Matrix, which is probably another way of revealing to all of you that I am the type of person who shields herself from as many technological advancements as possible. Unlike me, however, many futurists are deeply invested i
n the singularity and have a lot of ideas about what defines it.

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The singularity, according to some science-fiction and technologically inclined thinkers, is the future of our world: when man and machine become one. As Annalee Newitz puts it for io9, it is “the moment when a civilization changes so much that its rules and technologies are incomprehensible to previous generations.”

Hal Hodson, writing for New Scientist, defines it as “a date in the not-so-distant future when machine intelligence outstrips our own and goes on to improve itself at an exponential rate.”

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Once these swift but profound technological and scientific advancements take place, so say some future-thinkers, societies and all they are comprised of—human bodies, families, governments, economies—will be irreversibly transformed. As you can imagine, the singularity as it’s referred to today hints at a time when artificial intelligence will become linked to human intelligence—or overtake it entirely—in a way that is now only barely conceivable. But do experts believe this is plausible?

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Not all of them, at least not in the way portrayed in…basically, any sci-fi movie that came out after 1999. Danko Nikolic, a neuroscientist at the Max Planck Institute for Brain Research in Frankfurt, Germany, describes himself in his LinkedIn profile as an “AI [practitioner] and visionary … foremost interested in i) closing the mind-body explanatory gap, and ii) using that knowledge to improve machine learning and AI.” He doesn’t believe that the dramatic depictions of AI taking over the world will come to pass.

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Prof. Dr. Danko Nikolic

“You cannot exceed human intelligence, ever,” Nikolic said in 2016 before an audience of artificial intelligence researchers in Berlin. “You can asymptotically approach it, but you cannot exceed it.”

Bionic Humans Who Live Among Us

Singularity or no singularity, some people have already coalesced with technology. Along with Spence, many individuals—who call themselves biohackers, cyborgs, and grinders—have chosen to implant their bodies with external objects that they believe will improve their quality of life.

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Take, for example, Zoe Quinn, a developer in the independent video game world who had a computer chip and a tiny magnet implanted in the tip of her left ring finger. In 2015, she wrote for Vice about exploring her implants’ capabilities. “Sometimes it’s just noticing things around you that you wouldn’t otherwise—like feeling subways pass under you, or being able to sense if a plug-in adapter is actually working or not,” she writes. “Sometimes it’s incredibly useful, like when I’ve had to reset circuit breakers in dark basements with just enough of a magnetic field around the switches for me to detect which one isn’t getting any power.”

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Changes like these diverge from typical body modifications in that they are primarily about function—but that they appeal to cyborgs on an aesthetic level is clear.

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“It felt like I’d put my hand against a can of something really carbonated,” Quinn told NBC News about one of the first moments after her wound had healed, as she worked on a game on her computer about two weeks after getting the implants. “I realized, oh my God, I’m feeling my hard drive. I can feel this whole new dimension of the tools I use to make my art. It was beautiful.”

Actually, Are All Of Us Cyborgs?

People who get gadgets surgically inserted inside their bodies may seem extreme to those of us who occasionally have nightmares about getting the wrong tattoo, but biohackers can argue that they are not so different from the rest of us. They’ve just taken the fact that we are already steeped in technology into more literal, expedient terms.

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There are also self-proclaimed cyborgs who skipped the implants altogether. Isa Gordon, who considers herself an academic of the cyborg movement, has done performance art that explores “creative cybernetics” while wearing sensors that show her heartbeat on her sleeve. (According to Merriam-Webster, cybernetics is “the science of communication and control theory that is concerned especially with the comparative study of automatic control systems […e.g.] nervous system and brain and mechanical-electrical communication systems.”)

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“When you send an email, you are engaged in a system of control of communication between man and machine,” she told NBC News. “It’s not necessary to hack into the body to become a cyborg; we are all cyborgs already.”

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Wellbeing

Ancient Medical Practices That Are Actually Supported By Modern Science

Over a year ago, I downloaded the Headspace app, which provides 10 free, 10-minute guided meditation sessions that I cycled through most mornings for months. Now I just set an alarm on my phone for 11 minutes and try my damnedest to focus on my own breathing, or how my body feels, despite spending most of those minutes being mentally dragged around by various thoughts.

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While I have not always been consistent in my practice, and in fact have often wondered if it’s possible to get increasingly worse at meditation over time, I continue to return to it because I imagine that it’s healthy, and, placebo effect or not, sense that it offers me some emotional peace and mental clarity. Plus, anything that’s been recycled for thousands of years probably contains at least some element of truth, right?

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According to multiple studies, the benefits are not just in my head—even if that is where most of the changes take place. And meditation isn’t the only age-old wellness practice that shows promise. Here are three ancient health rituals that modern science hasn’t been able to throw out.

Meditation

Recent research has shown that meditation not only reduces stress but also literally changes the brain. Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School neuroscientist Sara Lazar was one of the first scientists to test the benefits of meditation and mindfulness using brain scans. She became interested in the topic when an injury sidelined her from marathon training and she picked up yoga as a replacement.

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“The yoga teacher made all sorts of claims, that yoga would increase your compassion and open your heart,” Lazar told The Washington Post in 2015. “And I’d think, ‘Yeah, yeah, yeah, I’m here to stretch.’ But I started noticing that I was calmer. I was better able to handle more difficult situations. I was more compassionate and open hearted, and able to see things from others’ points of view.”

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Lazar’s first study compared long-term meditators to a control group; she found that a 50-year-old meditator’s gray matter in the brain’s auditory and sensory cortex, along with the cortex associated with working memory and executive decision making, was closer to that of a 25-year-old.

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Her second study sought to answer whether the meditation had caused this brain change or the longtime meditators had simply started with more gray matter. This study’s participants, all of whom said they had never meditated before, were divided into two groups. The members of one group enrolled in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. After eight weeks, Lazar and her team observed differences in brain volume between the groups in five different brain regions, including thickening among the meditation group in four regions.

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Changes were seen primarily in the area involved in mind wandering and self-relevance but also appeared in areas relating to learning, cognition, memory, emotional regulation, empathy, compassion, anxiety, fear, and stress.

Essential Oil Use

A couple of weeks ago, I was at a pizza party, bonding in the kitchen with a woman I’d just met. She was saying that she’d typically been a skeptic about certain hokey-sounding health remedies but, by golly, if she hadn’t been promptly healed from a sickness after taking her roommate’s advice to swallow some oregano oil.

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If the term “ess
ential oil” has only ever made you think of erotic massage or overpriced health food stores that take themselves a little too seriously, think again. According to a 2015 article in The Atlantic, scientists are beginning to look to plant extracts—aka essential oils—as a possible remedy to antimicrobial resistance. Given that livestock are often pumped full of antibiotics to offset any potential illnesses from the unsanitary conditions of mass farming, and with the hopes of speeding their growth to keep up with humanity’s voracious appetite for animal flesh, antibiotic-resistant “superbugs” are top of mind for many.

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Dr. Cyril Gay, the senior national program leader at the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Agricultural Research Service, calls it “potentially one of the most important challenges the medical and animal-health communities will face in the 21st century.”

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A number of studies have found reason to believe that essential oils might offer help. One of these, published in 2014 in Poultry Science, found that one essential oil—oregano!—added to chicken feed resulted in a 59 percent lower mortality rate due to ascites, a common poultry infection, than in chickens that were not treated. And research published in a 2011 issue of BMC Proceedings found that a combination of oregano, cinnamon, and chili pepper oils changed chickens’ gene expression in a way that promoted weight gain and protected against intestinal infection.

Acupuncture

Despite much anecdotal evidence and some research suggesting that acupuncture can benefit patients in real, lasting ways that improve chronic issues like pain, depression, and inflammation, scientists remain skeptical. In 2014, five scientists with various backgrounds weighed in on the topic for Scientific American.

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You can see a tone divergence in their responses that is sort of informative in its own right. Observe their answers to the first question, regarding acupuncture’s effectiveness in treating depression:

MacPherson: Strong evidence exists that acupuncture is effective for chronic pain conditions. For depression, we have evidence that acupuncture is a useful adjunct to conventional care. In one recent trial patients on antidepressants who received acupuncture did significantly better than those who just took medication. Patients who received counseling in addition to their medication received a similar benefit to the acupuncture group.

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Ernst: Most studies examining the effectiveness of acupuncture are not rigorous. Those that are more rigorous fail to show that acupuncture is more than a placebo in managing depression.

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Wang: My opinion is that acupuncture stimulations trigger the release of beneficial hormones and, theoretically, can serve as a mood stabilizer.

Colquhoun: Acupuncture does not work, which means all discussions of how it does work are irrelevant. I’m not aware of any evidence that acupuncture works for depression.

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Hall: The published evidence on acupuncture indicates that it might be helpful for pain and possibly for postoperative nausea and vomiting, but not for any other indications. All the evidence is compatible with the hypothesis that acupuncture is no more than a placebo.

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Honestly, Colquhoun seems like kind of an uppity jerk, but maybe he’s onto something. “There is a lot of money at stake for those who sell acupuncture—and a certain amount of fascination with New Age thinking,” he points out in a later response. “There are excellent controls such as retractable needles. Almost all experiments show no difference between real and sham acupuncture.”

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Yet, as science writer Jo Marchant tells NPR, “[W]hat you see in all these different conditions is that taking a placebo, or, to be more accurate about it, our response to that placebo, can cause biological changes in the brain that actually ease our symptoms, and that’s not something that’s imaginary; that’s something that’s underpinned by these biological changes that are very similar to the biological changes you get when we take drugs.”

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So maybe Colquhoun is right. Perhaps acupuncture is technically a sham. It wouldn’t change the fact that the mind-body connection is undeniable, and powerful, which opens up a whole world of healing possibilities.

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Motherhood

Why Kids With Supportive Moms Do Better In School And In Their Future

It can be strange and terrifying to consider how deeply parenting affects children for the rest of their lives. Whether you’re a parent or a (grown) child, one leap down the rabbit hole of psychological exploration can leave you with the sense that there is literally no way to not screw up parenting. And you wouldn’t be wrong!

Thankfully, there is hope. For those of us who have already been effectively mussed by our parents, early friendships, or romantic partners—which, let’s be honest, is probably all of us—we’ve got therapy.

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For those of you who are thinking of having your own children, you should know that studies continue to reveal the power that parenting style can have in infant brain development, counteracting negative environmental influences, and children’s capacity for innovation later in life.

Poorer Children Are Less Likely To Receive Parental Support

A supportive parent is an emotionally responsive parent. What does “emotionally responsive” look like? Not unlike a game of tennis, according to childhood development experts

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The “serve and return” mode of communication between an adult caregiver and an infant is an interaction much like a tennis ball going back and forth, with the baby “serving” a gesture like smiling or babbling, and the adult caregiver “returning” it with affirmative behavior like eye contact or touch.

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As part of an ongoing study, Joan Luby, MD, conducted an experiment in St. Louis. A group of children between the ages of 4 and 7 were invited into the lab along with their primary caregivers—usually their mothers—to observe the pair’s dynamic during a stressful situation. The child was put within arm’s length of a brightly wrapped gift and told that they could open it as soon as their caregiver filled out a stack of questionnaires that would take about eight minutes to complete.

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Researchers, trained to measure hostility and supportiveness, observed how moms responded to their children’s whines. Some of them reassured them by telling them they knew it was hard to wait or praising them for their patience; some ignored their children, even snapping at or hitting them for being annoying as they filled out the forms.

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Luby’s team had uncovered a pattern: the poorer children were more likely to be met with hostility from caregivers.

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“Parents can be less emotionally responsive for a whole host of reasons,” Luby said. “They may work two jobs or regularly find themselves trying to scrounge together money for food. Perhaps they live in an unsafe environment. They may be facing many stresses, and some don’t have the capacity to invest in supportive parenting as much as parents who don’t have to live in the midst of those adverse circumstances.”

Toxic Stress Can Damage Children’s Brains

If you remember reading about Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in an intro to psychology class, you can probably guess why a parent living in poverty has fewer emotional resources to offer her child. When your ability to fulfill your most basic needs—like shelter, food, and safety—is under threat, stress levels skyrocket. Your fuse is shorter. Brain chemicals go all out of balance.

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To complicate matters, where there is financial insecurity and high stress, there is often addiction and abuse. As Denise Dowd, who mentors victims of poverty and domestic violence in Kansas City, Missouri, told The Atlantic, “The very resources the moms need to handle those stressors—the ability to predict, the ability to remain calm and think through a set of problems—that’s
the prefrontal cortex, and that really takes a hit when you’ve been exposed to abuse and neglect.”

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A child inevitably picks up on these cues that the world is unsafe and responds with his own heightened stress responses, which stunts the brain’s development. This is a huge problem when trying to stop the cycle of poverty.

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“It has long been known that low socioeconomic status is linked to poorer performance in school, and recent research has linked poverty to smaller brain surface area,” Diana Kwon writes in Scientific American, referencing a study published in 2015 about lower test scores among poorer children. “The current study bridges these converging lines of evidence by revealing that up to 20 percent of the achievement gap between high- and low-income children may be explained by differences in brain development.”

But, Supportive Parenting Can Counteract The Damage Of Toxic Stress

Luby’s experiment—part of a larger study of depression in early childhood—involved some children who were depressed. What they found was that parental supportiveness was more important to brain development than whether or not a child was depressed.

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“When Luby and her colleagues conducted an MRI four years later, they found that the non-depressed children whose mothers had not been nurturing had smaller hippocampuses than the kids who were depressed but had levels of high maternal support,” Olga Khazan writes for The Atlantic.

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“In other words, it was better for the kids to be depressed with supportive moms, than not depressed with unsupportive ones. Since the hippocampus governs things like memory, cognitive function, and emotion, the smaller hippocampal volume suggested to Luby that the children with the non-supportive moms were doing worse both cognitively and emotionally.”

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What experts believe, then, is that a caregiver equipped with better nurturing skills could counteract some of the negative effects poverty has on early brain development. Of course, this leaves us with one question: How do we provide parents who are barely scraping by financially the tools to be better nurturers?

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According to Andrew Garner, a pediatrician in Westlake, Ohio, one answer might be in increasing government spending on social services, and improving how social programs are integrated into our healthcare system—areas the U.S. is characteristically lagging behind in.

Supportive Parenting Vs. Overbearing Parenting

It’s worth noting in a discussion about the importance of supportive parenting that there is a big difference between nurturing and helicoptering, which can be its own kind of emotional abuse.

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Julie Lythcott-Haims, author of How to Raise an Adult: Break Free of the Overparenting Trap and Prepare Your Kid for Success and former dean of Stanford University’s mental health task force, offers an extreme (we hope) example of a (monstrous) father who told his daughter he would divorce her mother if she refused to major in economics. But even overbearing parenting that does not wade into such overtly dysfunctional territory can have lasting effects on children’s minds.

Author and academic Adam Grant, writing for The New York Times last
year
, points to studies suggesting that the attempt to jam children into parents’ preconceived notions of who they should be—artistically, academically, or philosophically—limits children’s creative growth, and can, in fact, have the opposite effect of what parents desire for them in terms of professional success.

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As Grant points out, few child prodigies go on to be “adult geniuses who change the world.” Of course, individual identity fears and academic complacence stemming from society’s incorrect messaging about what it means to be “smart” likely play a huge role in this, but part of the equation in many cases is whether parents allow joyful curiosity to exist in their children. For many helicoptered kids, the message is that life is primarily about excellence and duty—and this isn’t very good for cultivating intellectual freedom.

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“What holds them back is that they don’t learn to be original,” Grant writes. “They strive to earn the approval of their parents and the admiration of their teachers. But as they perform in Carnegie Hall and become chess champions, something unexpected happens: Practice makes perfect, but it doesn’t make new.”

Categories
Motherhood

Baby Naming Traditions From Around The World

My dad wanted to name me Gretta. Greta? In fact, it may have been Gretl—he mentioned that he’d wanted to name me after the littlest girl among the von Trapp children in The Sound of Music—but he must have misremembered her name, and so I grew up believing that I was supposed to be Gretta.

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I’m only assuming the name would have had a double t. It seems likely, given that my dad was responsible for my sister’s name, Christeena, a spelling wholly unique that was intended to make the “Christ” pop. (I was raised in the Bible Belt.) Plus, it just feels more balanced visually, which is something that I, an Anna, appreciate.

Anna is the name my mother won out with since my dad got to choose my sister’s name. She selected it—surprise!—for its biblical origins. Anna means “favor” or “grace.”

The figure I was named after apparently has the shortest bio in the Bible. Bible Gateway calls her the “most renowned of Bible widows,” which isn’t very inspiring. She was, however, the first Christian missionary (which feels kind of significant, since I thought I wanted to be a missionary), and she has her own Wikipedia page, formidably titled Anna the Prophetess.

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Giotto: Anna at the Presentation of Jesus

Her only explicit Bible appearance is in the Gospel of Luke, where it is mentioned that she was “very old,” lived with her husband for seven (my favorite number) years before becoming a widow, and then remained single for the rest of her life (probably prophetic).

See how much meaning can be wrung out of a name? We are wired to scour our lives for significance, and one of the most basic ways we do this is through naming the new humans we create. Read on for five interesting baby-naming traditions from around the world.

India

In India, there are a number of different systems that may be used for naming children. According to Anu, a regional contributor from Mumbai, India, writing for Pocket Cultures, one common system uses the family name.

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She writes:

“This means that the first male child is named after the paternal grandfather, the second male child after the maternal grandfather, and so on, with the girls being named after their paternal and maternal grandmothers. Imagine the confusion this causes—with many children having the same name! In addition to this, in southern India a father’s name is used as a surname—what ensues is total chaos!”

Baby naming may also carry spiritual significance, with names being based on astrology or Hindu gods and goddesses.

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“In the northern parts of the country, every star is associated with a letter of the alphabet, and a kid’s name begins with the [letter] of the constellation he/she is born under,” Anu writes. “In the south, the kid is named after the constellation itself (or a variation of the name). This is how I got my name—from the star named ‘Anuradha’ (in the constellation Scorpio).”

As for naming children after Hindu deities, this does nothing to narrow the choices. There are literally millions of them.

Costa Rica

In the past, it was common for children in Costa Rica to receive three or four names, often the name of a saint that corresponded to the day they were born. Nowadays, according to Costa Rican Pocket Cultures contributor Nuria, the number of names has been bumped down.

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She writes: “When I was born, I got two names, as did my sisters. The three of us received Spanish names, but other children got English names such as Karol, Alexander, Katherine and Johnny. It is very interesting to notice how, through time, the middle names have disappeared. It is now very common to give children only one name.

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Pueblo Verde

“My niece is called Tamara and my nephew, Felipe. Middle names are not that common anymore. In fact, children nowadays would be really surprised if they were told that their grandparents used to have three or more names!”

Turkey

Though this is a traditional practice that is no longer as widespread, some sections of Turkish society still give baby names with religious ceremonies.

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According to the Turkish Cultural Foundation“The name, which has been selected beforehand, is given at a meeting held for the purpose. A clergyman or a respected devout individual gives the call to prayer and whispers the name of the baby into its ear three times. If no imam is present, the name is given by the father or grandfather of the child in the same way.”

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One Turkey-based writer notes that the traditional practice of naming children after their grandparents—usually names from Arabic origins—has largely been replaced with the custom of giving more modern and original names.

Indonesia

According to Carrie, a writer from Bali, Indonesia, the naming system in Indonesia is pretty straightforward, with only birth order being the determinant of the name given.

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She breaks it down like this:

“Wayan/Putu/Gede/Nengah: first born (most common are Wayan and Putu; I haven’t met a lot of people named Gede or Nengah)

“Made/Kadek: second born baby

“Nyoman/Komang: third born baby

“Ketut: fourth born baby.”

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“All of the names above can be for either boys or girls. Balinese also often use only one name (i.e., no last name/family name) which means that in documents like a passport, it may only list one name! What this means essentially is that there are a lot of people named Wayan/Putu/Made/Kadek!”

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If this sounds like it may get confusing, that’s because it can. In 2001, when the president of Indonesia was about to be removed from office, Slate devoted an explainer piece to the country’s naming traditions, titled “What’s With Indonesian Names?”

Nigeria

Juliet Lapidos, writing for Slate, explores the significance of Nigerian names. Many have likely wondered whether all of them are as loaded as those belonging to some of the country’s higher-profile figures, like former Nigerian president Goodluck Jonathan, his wife Patience Jonathan, and former governor of Edo state Lucky Igbinedion.

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The traditions vary greatly by ethnic group. Lapidos writes:

“Goodluck Jonathan is a Christian Ijaw from the southern part of the country. Many Ijaw have names passed down from the colonial era, often biblical ones like Jonathan (which probably started out as a first name for one of his ancestors). Some families prefer anglicized names, others don’t—but either way, names often express the parents’ expectations for the child or the circumstances surrounding its birth.”

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The naming traditions of the Yoruba, in the southwest, are similar. According to Rosemary, a Nigerian contributor to Pocket Cultures, Yoruban names often relate to the circumstances in which the children entered the world.

For example, she writes, “Abiodun (boys) or Odunayo (unisex) acknowledges the closeness a child’s birth to celebrations like Easter, Christmas, or the New Year, while Abosede refers to girls born on Sunday.”

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For another group in southern Nigeria, the Igbo, names can carry a more deterministic weight. “Traditional names may communicate concern for the kid’s future, like Dumaka, which means ‘Help me with hands.’ (As in, ‘I’m going to need some assistance here!’)” writ
es Lapidos. “Or faint annoyance, like Obiageli meaning ‘one who has come to eat.'”

Categories
Health x Body Wellbeing

Are Birth Control Side Effects Being Kept A Secret?

I was a freshman in college when I began taking birth control pills. At the start, the prescription was just for treating acne, but when I lost my virginity not too long afterward, it took on a new purpose.
This was a year of intense experiences—my first serious relationship, many all-nighters spent writing papers and studying for tests, extracurricular activities, all of the partying, losing my religion (not the song), my first time living away from home for an extended period of time, etc.
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So when I sensed an uptick in my obsessive thinking, I couldn’t say for sure whether the new little bundle of hormones I was swallowing daily at noon had anything to do with it.
For many women, however, the connection between hormonal contraception and side effects is clear. When the changes are only taking place in your mind, pinpointing their cause can be a slippery affair, and depending on how subtle these changes are, they can be easier to shrug off. It’s much more difficult to ignore migraines, periods that last for weeks, and life-threatening blood clots.

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Undoubtedly, birth control pills and other hormonal contraceptives—such as injections, skin patches, transdermal gels, vaginal rings, intrauterine systems, and implantable rods—have provided women with something invaluable: safe, effective means for managing their reproductive health. But for many women, these forms of contraception have come at a price.

The Side Effects We Experience Vs. the Side Effects Our Doctors Warn Us About

If you’re a woman who uses hormonal contraception—or even if you aren’t—you’re probably familiar with the disconnect between what doctors tell women about the potential for side effects and what you’ve heard from other women or experienced yourself.
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It’s likely for this reason that a Danish study published last year citing a correlation between hormonal contraceptives and depression has received so much attention. It’s a comfort to many women to learn that scientific findings are beginning to corroborate their sense that introducing artificial hormones into their bodies changes them in some troubling ways.
Unwavering faith in the absolute harmlessness of hormonal birth control options is probably not helped by their shady past, either. As Broadly reported last year in “The Racist and Sexist History of Keeping Birth Control Side Effects Secret,” the pill’s trial run involved covert or coerced testing on poor, uneducated Puerto Rican women; on female medical students who were threatened with expulsion if they didn’t comply with the study; and on women locked up in mental institutions.
(Apparently, the same folks who’d tested a pill containing 10 times the amount of hormones needed to prevent pregnancy on the Puerto Rican women had originally looked into hormonal birth control for men, but the symptoms—like shrinking testicles—were considered to be too much of an impingement on their quality of life.)
Of course, any responsible discussion of hormonal birth control must also discuss the profound ways it has helped people. According to health services researcher Aaron E. Carroll, over the past decade, the American public has seen record lows in teenage pregnancies and abortion, a shift Carroll says most researchers attribute largely to the increased availability of contraception.
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Carroll points out in The New York Times that the Danish study linking hormonal birth control and depression, though expansive, has its holes. But even with the holes, it’s a move in the right direction—toward demanding more complete information about something that affects a great number of women.
As National Women’s Health Network executive director Cindy Pearson tells Broadly, “This information shouldn’t be hidden from women for the fear that they will make a wrong decision down the line. Trust women to make good decisions when they have good information.”
For the sake of good information, here are the stories I got after reaching asking women I knew about their own experiences with side effects from hormonal contraceptives.

“I was going sh*t crazy.”

“I was on hormonal birth control since I was about 16/17?? I got off of it when I was 29. That’s almost ten years. Before I moved to Spain I was always on a low contraceptive. I was sh*t about taking them so some days I would miss and double up or even triple up…shame on me. Then I moved to Spain about six years ago. You can get birth control over the counter, no prescription and no consultation with a doctor.

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“I started taking this, it was ok, but had some side effects. I can’t remember the name but no sex drive, dry down there, patchy dry skin. I switched birth control a few years later, still horrible at taking it but realized how it was [affecting me]. I normally don’t notice these things with my body but I was literally going…sh*t crazy, so depressed and same symptoms as before.
“I finally made the switch to a non hormonal copper IUD. It was realllly painful but worth it. My periods are heavier and I have cramps (before because of the hormones my periods were light and never cramps). I feel a lot better mentally, not dry… More of a sex drive, no weight gain. I don’t like the idea of having something inside of me but I’ll take it over hormones.” —Julie

“I have to suffer for the rest of my life because I did this.”

“The Essure permanent birth control I do not recommend. I have to suffer for the rest of my life because I did this. The only way I can fix this is paying $7500 for the [inserts] to be removed… I have a swollen cervix, the [nickel] that the [inserts] are made from I’m allergic to.
“I turn 30 in September and I’m having [symptoms] of menopause because of the birth control… My insurance will only cover a hysterectomy.” —Christina

“I was completely panicked.”

“I’ve been on and off pills since I was 15, but about 3 years ago I went on them again after a few years off. I’ve had migraines since i was 12, so I didn’t think much of it when I started having relatively frequent headaches. I also developed vulvodynia, which is basically painful sex. I had no idea that birth control pills could cause this, so I was completely panicked over it.
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“My doctor never mentioned it either, so I was prescribed multiple creams, antidepressants, and even physical therapy, all for my broken vagina. When I finally went off the pills, mostly because I just felt moody all the time, my symptoms immediately went away. No more migraines, and sex was no longer painful.
“I also got the implant for a month but had migraines literally every day and was so insanely moody and honestly mean to everyone that I had it taken out. I didn’t even recognize myself. So, now I am hormone free and much happier.” —Rachel

“You cry from all the guilt.”

“In order of peskiest side effect:
1. Zits
2. Bloating
3. Short temper
“Even on a low dosage of the pill I spot like the whole week about the 2nd or 3rd week in but my periods have been way light (about 2 days). I kind of hate it all. Also, I have more zits on low dose than I did on regular. But I don’t feel so insane. It’s sort of like knowing that your filter is down but you get angry and impatient regardless. And then you cry from all the guilt the next day!” —Amy

“I started having three-week-long periods.”

“6 weeks after having [my second child] I started birth control again and from the first pack, I was having two-week-long periods. Then I started having three-week-long periods. Obviously this was super annoying and inconvenient, affecting my sex life, etc. My doctor is about 45 minutes away and the thought of schlepping two kids two and under all the way out there and dealing with them during the appt was just overwhelming.
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“Finally [my husband] pretty much forced me to go in case something was horribly wrong. I switched birth control because my doctor thought I just needed different hormone levels and he couldn’t find anything wrong internally (after an ultrasound). Anyway, this is my second month on the new pills and I’m still having two-week-long periods and don’t know when I’m going to find the time to go back.
“Luckily, my doctor is super chill and he told me to text him if the problem continued but it’s just super annoying to be dealing with this plus still adjusting to two kids and dealing with normal life stresses. Not to mention the fact that the BC I’m on now is the same I had been on for over 5 years before having [my first child], and I literally never had any issues, so I’m worried this is just my life now.” —Brittney

“I was having dreams of committing suicide.”

“My gynecologist recommended I get the Mirena IUD because I’d had debilitating cramps for years. The first day of each period, I would sweat profusely, tremble, become dizzy, and sometimes pass out. Twice I fainted on public transportation on the way to my office. The cramps were so insufferable that I sometimes had to take the day or morning off work because I couldn’t do anything except lie in bed with a heating pad.
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“My gynecologist thought the IUD would be a great option because, over time, it eliminates most period symptoms entirely. Although I had terrible cramps the first six weeks after I had the IUD implanted, a month of oral birth control on top of the IUD solved that problem, and thereafter my periods pretty quickly lessened in length and pain.
“Six months after I had the IUD put in, I had almost no period at all, and I hadn’t experienced cramps or dizziness for the past four months. I noticed that I had started to feel anxious on a fairly regular basis, but I called my gynecologist and she said it was unlikely the IUD caused the anxiety because it was localized to my uterine lining (versus other birth control that diffused throughout the bloodstream).

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“The anxiety continued, however, and after eight months with the IUD, it was so bad that I made an appointment with my gynecologist. I did not want my terrible periods to return, and additionally, I had noticed a significant increase in my sexual drive since implanting the IUD, which I didn’t want to lose. When my gynecologist again said it was unlikely the IUD was what was causing the uptick in anxiety, I didn’t press the issue further; I began searching for a therapist instead.
“I’d had the IUD for almost a year when one night I experienced a sudden, jabbing pain on one side of my lower abdomen. I thought it might be my appendix bursting. The next day I saw my gynecologist, who ran an intravaginal scan thinking I may have had a cyst burst. In fact, the pain had come from my body trying to expel the IUD. It was now no longer properly in place and had to be removed immediately.
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“Two weeks after remov[al of] the IUD, my anxiety almost completely disappeared. So marked were the changes that my boyfriend commented that it was as if I was a different person. I asked my gynecologist if the IUD could have been causing the heightened anxiety. She told me again it was unlikely, but each woman reacts differently to each form and formula of birth control, so it was possible.
“I don’t blame her for my experience. She gave me her professional opinion based on what should have occurred, to the best of her knowledge. It’s also widely stated in the materials about birth control and IUDs in particular that every woman is different and there’s no way to know for sure what each woman’s experience will be.
“After three months of no birth control, I decided to try the NuvaRing. I hadn’t been having painful periods, but I was nervous they’d soon return. I tried to give the NuvaRing three months so that my body could get used to it, but after two months, I was having dreams of committing suicide, so I removed it. Given the urgency of the situation, I was glad that I could remove it myself and not have to make an appointment.
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“I had the option to try hormonal birth control, which I had used in high school and college without issues, but I was so nervous about the potential side effects that I chose not to. Perhaps my body has changed significantly since that time. I’d rather use nothing than risk another period of extreme anxiety or suicidal thoughts.
“I am a firm believer in the positive benefits of birth control for pregnancy prevention and period regulation. Some of my friends have also used it to clear their skin. In fact, I know many more women who have had no issues whatsoever with birth control than I know women who have had problems from using it.
“The challenging thing is that it’s impossible to know ahead of taking birth control what your experience is going to be like. I wouldn’t go back on it, but I also wouldn’t discourage other women from trying it. What I would advise is that anyone who experiences upsetting or alarming emotions stop using the birth control at the first signs of a problem. I wouldn’t wait around to see if your emotions even out. There’s no sense in putting yourself through distress that could be avoided.” —Elizabeth
Some quotes have been edited.
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Wellbeing

My Outie Belly Button And Innumerable Other Ways That Women Are Body Shamed

In second grade, I liked to wear my grandmother’s old clothes. My sister and I would play dress-up with her glamorous gowns and other outfits and have our pictures taken. I’d wear plum lipstick and stare solemnly in the direction of the disposable camera, which was maybe held by my babysitter, my mom, or my sister.

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One day my friend came over, saw a picture of me in a midriff-baring shirt, and said I shouldn’t be showing off my outie belly button. I don’t know if her comment sparked it, but I remember one of the recurring prayers of my girlhood was for a belly button like my sister’s—a dark little tunnel you could poke your finger into.
By age 15, I was smitten with an 18-year-old boy who, as we sat making out in his truck, said to me once, “You’ve got cankles.” I couldn’t have been more than around 110 pounds, the thinnest my post-puberty body would ever be. (I would always try, and fail, to get back to that weight.)
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From him, I learned it was gross that I didn’t shave as much of my body hair as I should and that I must’ve been a prude or a lesbian for not “going further” with him. The bulk of our relationship took place over AIM, where I mostly remember him sending me pictures of other girls and calling me an idiot.

I’ve wondered how differently my life would’ve gone if I’d realized sooner that a man’s desire for my body did not mean he cared for it.

At some point, women come to understand that their bodies are public domain. They are something to be apologized for, too much or not enough, and always subject to the opinions of loved ones and strangers. Whether they’re too fat, too skinny, too dark, too pale, too voluptuous, too flat-chested, too pretty, too plain, too made up. Whether they’re not beautiful enough, not thin enough, not curvy enough, not approachable or accessible enough.
Women’s bodies are always wrong, and there is no shortage of people to tell them exactly how.

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As we absorb the idea that our worth is inextricable from our physical appearance, we become unconscious disseminators of this message ourselves, doling out what we’ve been fed on for as long as we’ve been aware of our own bodies.
When I was bored in middle school, I used to make over female classmates in my mind, the same way I mentally made myself over. I shared makeover suggestions with my friends because this was a currency I understood. It was the central plot line to so many movies I loved, like Pretty Woman, She’s All That, Never Been Kissed, and She’s Out of Control.

Beautification as spiritual transformation: This was the story of female triumph I knew.

Finally, one friend told me that my “tips” were unwelcome, that they made her feel bad. I was shocked, defensive. I’d seen them as compliments. They were my way of saying, “You have this feature that I really wish I had and if I did have it, this is what I would do with it”—but, centrally, they were unsolicited. It’s this kind of ignorance that can be so damaging, carried out by people who haven’t yet learned better ways to love.

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We know now that body shaming is contagious, so how can we do better?
In an article for The New York Times titled “Why I Talk About My Daughter’s Body,” writer Jeanne Sager reflects on her efforts to raise a daughter with a positive body image even as she battles bulimia herself. After her 11-year-old daughter has broken her foot, the focus stays on what Sager has always tried to keep the focus on when it comes to her daughter’s body: function.
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“We talk about the muscles that are being pulled taut across the top of her back as she works to push down on her crutches,” she writes. “We talk about the legs that will power her across a soccer field again once her foot has healed.”

The next time you want to talk bad about your body, think instead of what it does for you. Then show it love.

Recently I reached out to my social media network and asked people who’d grown up in female bodies to share their first, or most memorable, instances of being shamed for them. Maybe half an hour later, I already had multiple direct messages. Comment after comment, friends and acquaintances repeated the variety of messages they’d received about their physical appearance.
Here are their stories.

“I had a teacher pull me out of class, expose her stomach and legs and tell me that the way I was dressed was disgusting.”

I was 13, wearing a skort [because] I was self-conscious about being tall. I had a teacher pull me out of class, expose her stomach and legs and tell me that the way I was dressed was disgusting and asked me if it was ok for her to do and told me I was “just looking for male attention” (I was wearing a skort (perfectly “dress code legal,” a t-shirt and a long sleeve jacket) –Megan, 28, Missouri

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Body shaming in eating disorder units among patients. “She’s not good enough to be here” there’s some sick stuff that went on –A*, Idaho
I remember a certain idiot I dated in college who told me my [butt] wasn’t big enough, I didn’t wear high enough [heels], I didn’t wear enough makeup, and that I “used to be cute in high school” –Megan, Missouri
I was in eighth grade at lunch and my “friend” called me fat a**. –Name withheld, 31, Tennessee
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In Brazil on mission trip. The doctor with us told me I should weigh no more than 120 and did I reaaaaally want to eat that. Yay. I was 16 –Amy, Arkansas
I remember being 9 and this girl making fun of me for having hair on my big toe! –Katie, New York
Not so much body shaming [as] color shaming… From about Kindergarten to 6th grade I would get asked if my mom cheated on my dad or if they just adopted me from Africa because I’m tan… Totally appropriate questions for a small child right? –Kelley, 28, Missouri

“I was mortified. Everyone laughed.”

In third grade, some older kid (at least sixth grade) stood up at the front of the school bus and started making fun of everyone, going down the rows, one at a time. I remember almost crying before he even got to me bc everyone was laughing, and I was painfully shy. He got to me and said, “and you don’t have any boobs.” I was mortified. Everyone laughed. My brother was on the same bus. He stood up and started yelling back at him, calling him a pimple face something or other. Looking back, it’s ridiculous. Of course a third grader not having boobs is perfectly normal, but I will still never forget how it made me feel at the time! And how sweet it was for my brother to stand up for me. –Anna, 28, Arkansas

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In fifth grade someone told me the dark circles under my eyes made me look like a “pale holocaust victim”. I’ve worn concealer everyday since. –Sarah Beth, 29; lives in Davis, California, from St. Louis, Missouri
[I was was 13 when] a guy poked my arm pit fat and made fun of me. Been self conscious of it ever since. –Julie, 30, lives in Spain; from Texas
In ninth grade library one of the really cute boys told me I had chicken legs and shouldn’t wear dresses. –Diana, Texas
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I was a young girl, around age 8 or 9. My younger brother would always call me fat and “fata**” and then him and the neighborhood kids would gang up on me and call me that. I went through a chubby stage growing up, before I hit puberty. If you’ve seen the show This Is Us that was pretty much my life. My mother was super thin and beautiful and I always felt like the ugly duckling. She’s a very healthy eater too though and always walks and exercises and lives a healthy lifestyle. I know my mom was just looking out for me, but when we would have cookies and milk growing up, she would tell me I could have 2 and my brother (Sean) could have 8 if he wanted to, because everyone has different bodies. Kids don’t realize how much their words hurt sometimes, but I can remember my brother and all of the neighborhood kids calling me “fata**” growing up, [then] guess what happened? When I hit age 13, eating disorder central. Anorexia, bulimia, ipecac, I was obsessed. It’s something I’ve struggled with ever since. I don’t think I ever showed how hurt I was back then, as naturally, I’m a very strong person, but, that stuff sticks with you man. –Caroline, 33, Massachusetts

“I have been told throughout my life that if I am harassed, it is due to my behavior or attire.”

When I was around 11, my grandfather asked if I “really wanted to eat ALL that [because I would] be fat.” Great for the self-esteem.
I went through puberty a bit early in that I needed an underwire bra by sixth grade. I was groped at a school dance by a seventh grader once. Another time, by an eighth grader in front of the school. When I reported the incidents to the male principal, he suggested that I ought to cover up more because my shirts attracted attention. I was a kid!!!

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In the 8th grade, I got into an argument with two “friends” who told me that […] because I had large breasts [I] needed to buy different clothes.
I’ve been asked if I had black eyes due to my dark circles (allergies and depression) so I never left the house without full-face makeup. It took motherhood to lift that burden of feeling the need to please others.
I have also been asked if I had ever broken my nose (no) and have been told as recently as LAST MONTH that I needed a nose job. That was from a female who resorted to personal attacks who disagreed with my opinion on pit bulls. And, yes, I am INCREDIBLY self-conscious about my nose. It already bothers me since I get this trait from my biological mother, but when people draw attention to it, I just want to crawl under a rock. I honestly want a rhinoplasty.
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I have been told throughout my life that if I am harassed, it is due to my behavior or attire. If I have an appetite, I will be fat (FYI – Fat does NOT mean ugly). And any “flaws” as perceived by others should be covered, concealed or corrected. –Jena, 29, Texas

“My friend’s dad called me ‘Big Bertha NoA**AtAll’ growing up.”

My friend’s dad called me “Big Bertha NoA**AtAll” growing up. Started when I was about 11. –Sarah, 29, lives in Sacramento, California; from rural Arkansas
The first thing that came to mind is an instance that took place in the seventh or eighth grade. A friend and I found out that some other girls in our grade had been calling us “pudgy.” It hurt me, and I’m pretty sure it hurt my friend, but we tried to make light of it by writing “pudgy 4 life” on what, looking back, was the type of stomach most 12-14 year old kids have. –Dana, 29, Central Arkansas

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I was in middle school and another girl on my bus called me a “gorilla” and made fun of the hair on my arms and legs so often that I went home one day and locked myself in my parents bathroom and tried to shave my legs which resulted in many nicks and my Dad having to finish shaving my legs while I was crying. Funny now, kind of sad then. –Ashli, 27, Arkansas
Have been told forever I’m “too big”… In elementary school I was told I had a “bubble butt” by another third grader. At the fifth grade health fair when I was over 5′ and weighed 99 pounds, one of the girls asked why I was “so big”? This could go on, but that’s where it starts –Natalie, 28
I remember in seventh grade a popular boy giving me the nickname “Splinter” because he thought my face resembled the rat from teenage mutant ninja turtles. The next year, my boobs doubled in size and instead of him calling me splinter, he dubbed me as a “butter face” (everything is hot but her face). I was self conscious and very critical of my appearance from then on. A**hole. –Lauren, 29, Arkansas
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When I was in elementary school (in Georgia at the time), I had bad teeth (antibiotics reaction I think). All the kids referred to me as “butter teeth.” I (and my parents) spent $5000 to get veneers. I still carry floss in my purse because I’m so self conscious about my teeth.
Once, while bartending, I was reaching up to get a beer out of the cooler, and a guy thought it appropriate to yell at me “Damn girl, you have some huge calves!” ….uhhh, thanks? I was really mortified. –Renee, 28, Arkansas

“They thought it was hilarious. I cried. A lot.”

In fourth grade someone drew a “cartoon” of me with an exaggerated gap. I’ve been self conscious about my teeth since then. (I’ve always had a speech impediment that caused my teeth to space out) In college a group of guys changed my profile picture (I had forgot to log out) to a skinny man with a huge gap. They thought it was hilarious. I cried. A lot. –Alyssa, 26, Missouri
I changed to a religious school for the start of second grade. I’m pretty sure it was then that my classmates started calling me “Dumbo”, since my ears stuck out. Luckily I’ve grown into them, but to this day, I still worry about my hair styles and and hats and if they [make] my ears look big or not. –Allison, 32, New Jersey

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Middle school being named called for big teeth and “chubby” cheeks, ferret and chipmunk. Still struggle with my teeth to this day.
All my life I’ve been thin with a big appetite. Constantly told to eat a biscuit, put some [meat] on my bones Or any other way you could tell someone to gain weight. Then on the reverse while eating a lot like I did I was told to watch out one day it will all catch up to me and I actually gain weight eating the way I do. –Morgan, 30, Arkansas

“In the fifth grade a boy asked me if I ‘was even really a girl.'”

In the fifth grade a boy asked me if I “was even really a girl” because I was SO flat-chested and all (in retrospect, probably just a few) of the other girls had started showing some signs of development and I very much did not so the next day I stuffed my sports bra with socks(!) to try to look more “girlish” but it was a rather, erm, obvious change overnight, and I just got made fun of even more. (Hindsight, and all that).
I was always really flat and self conscious about it. I even ended up getting breast augmentation surgery when I turned 21. The truth is, if you think cosmetic surgery will make you feel better about yourself—well—it probably will. —Jada*, 29, Little Rock, Arkansas
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I was crazy about this guy when I was 15 I think. A friend of mine went to see that guy and told him: ‘Hey Gloria really likes you and would like to date you’. He said: ‘I can’t, she has the body of a 6-year-old girl’ (because I was -and still am- flat) –Gloria, 33, Paris, France
Third grade (8 or 9 years old)- got nicknamed the Big Show after the wrestler. I was already tall and wearing juniors clothing. I don’t recall I was particularly overweight then but definitely didn’t have the body of a normal 8 year old. –Kara, 27, lives in Mississippi; from Arkansas
In fifth grade my nickname was “double d” boys would stuff softballs up [their] shirts and ‘pretend they were me’ (it stuck all throughout middle school, my friends would even introduce me as double d instead of my actual name to new students) –Lauren, 29, Missouri

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Right after the birth of my first son (27), I was putting my baby in his car seat after grocery shopping. Three “men” were sitting in a truck right next to me. They kept saying, “Look at that fat ass”. I finished with the car seat, walked up to the truck window and said, “I may have a fat a** but I can lose the weight. You all are f***ing ugly and there is not a damn thing you can do about it.[“] I got in my car and drove away. –Jeni, 56, Missouri
*Names have been shortened or changed. Some quotes have been edited for clarity.