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Health Food Labels: What To Look For

What’s the difference between foods labeled “all-natural” and “organic”? Just what are all those hard-to-pronounce ingredients on the back of the cereal box?
Food labels and nutrition facts are supposed to be easy for the average consumer to understand, but sometimes it feels like you need a PhD to decipher them.

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Grocery shopping shouldn’t have to be as shrouded in mystery as the plot of Twin Peaks. Read on to discover exactly what to look for in on food labels and nutrition facts.

Food Labels

If you’re looking for healthy meal options, you’re probably drawn to food labels that say things like “natural” and “organic.” These labels, however, can sometimes be misleading. Know the difference in these key food label phrases to shop smarter.

Natural

Sixty percent of Americans reported purchasing a food item because it contained the words “all-natural” on the label. To most consumers, “natural” foods are assumed to be free from dyes, preservatives, and other additives. However, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not regulate foods that claim to be a “natural” product.

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According to the FDA, “From a food science perspective, it is difficult to define a food product that is ‘natural’ because the food has probably been processed and is no longer the product of the earth.”
For example, you might have recently purchased a box of “natural raisin bran cereal,” only to find out upon examining the label that the cereal actually contains several chemical additives.
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Because the cereal contains grains and raisins—both technically food items found in nature—it can be marketed as a natural food.

Organic

Unlike the natural label, foods marked as “organic” have gone through strict labeling requirements. If a food item has the iconic green and white “USDA Certified Organic” sticker on it, you can be safely assured it met the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s guidelines. These guidelines restrict the kinds of soil fertilizers that can be used, as well as the use of antibiotics/hormones in animals.

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Be wary, however, of prepackaged goods that are labeled “organic.” These items are only required to contain 70 percent organic items, leaving wiggle to room to include synthetic additives.

Non-GMO

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have been a hot-button topic for the past couple of years, despite the fact that most people don’t actually understand what they are or what they’re used for. What exactly are genetically modified crops? GMOs are, simply, foods that have been bioengineered.

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However, this doesn’t mean your corn on the cob has suddenly turned into the Terminator (and it won’t turn you into a robot either). Instead, crops are usually engineered to become more drought-resistant or produce higher yields.
Genetically modified foods are a fiercely debated issue, and in 2016, President Obama signed a law requiring that foods that contain GMOs are labeled as such.
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However, the law left a lot of loopholes. Most foods only have to be labeled “GMO” in their raw state. Processed foods that contain a “non-GMO” label may still contain oils and sugars, which are exempt from the GMO labeling law.
That box of “non-GMO” cookies you just picked up could possibly (and probably does) contain GMO ingredients.
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That being said, you should also know that most fresh foods, like fruits and vegetables, are not genetically modified anyway, so labeling them “non-GMO” is purely a marketing tactic. You’d be better off purchasing produce with a certified organic label instead.

Nutrition Facts

Now for the back side of the box: nutrition facts. Nutrition facts are meant to help consumers better understand the ingredients in food, but they can end up being more confusing than clarifying. Often, nutrition labels contain chemical ingredients with names that sound more like something Willy Wonka would have made in his factory.

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Not all of these hard-to-pronounce additives are necessarily bad. Unless you’re a Little House on the Prairie enthusiast, you probably don’t own a farm, a mill to grind wheat into flour, or a smokehouse to store fresh meats.
That means that most of the time, your foods will need some sort of additives for them to stay fresh long enough to hit your table.
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Below are some of the most common food additives found on nutrition labels.

Food Dyes

You probably know that food dyes are found in everything from ice cream to hot dogs. However, food dyes can be found in fresh produce as well. Oranges are often dyed to give them a brighter citrus color before hitting store shelves.

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Food dyes are already regulated by the FDA, but recent evidence suggests that certain dyes may have a negative impact on a child’s behavior that the FDA doesn’t list on labels.
Food dyes rarely have complicated names. You may see them listed on nutrition labels as Red No. 40 or Yellow No. 5. If you’d prefer to skip the synthetic dyes, you can look for alternatives on nutrition labels.
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Some of these safe, natural alternatives to synthetic food dyes include beta carotene, the stuff that causes carrots to be orange; chlorophyll, the pigment in plants that turn them green; anthocyanin, a flavonoid found in berries; and carminic acid, which is actually a red acid produced by cochineal insects.

Butylated Hydroxyanisole

This hard-to-pronounce antioxidant commonly known as BHA is most often used as a preservative in butter, cereal, beers, and baked goods. However, it can also be found in petroleum and rubber. Yikes!

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The FDA has found BHA to be a safe food additive, but some research shows that BHA is also a known carcinogen and has been shown to cause cancer in animals.
However, the animals tested all developed illness in the forestomach, an organ humans don’t have.
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In addition, the BHA levels found in food are incredibly low compared to the BHA levels used in the studies. What’s more, the antioxidant properties of BHA, when combined with fats found in oils, butter, and other foods, may actually neutralize the carcinogenic risk.

Sodium Nitrate

You may not have even realized you were eating sodium nitrates/nitrites until the World Health Organization released a sweeping report about the negative side effects of eating processed meats. Nitrates are commonly found in hot dogs, bacon, and cold cuts like pepperoni.
Sodium nitrate is a salt-based preservative that keeps harmful bacteria from growing in meat products. However, nitrates have been linked to higher cancer risks, which is why most processed meats also contain an antioxidant, which can neutralize, but not eliminate, the risk.

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There is probably little risk in indulging in the occasional hot dog at the ballpark, but most scientists agree that consumers should limit the amount of sodium nitrates they eat.

Propylene Glycol Alginate

Otherwise known as E405, propylene glycol alginate is an emulsifier and thickening agent commonly found in salad dressing, jelly, and ice cream. E405 is also used to make antifreeze, polyester, and synthetic items.

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Despite its non-food uses, the FDA considers E405 a safe additive in food. However, it has been shown to cause rash and other skin irritations when applied topically. If you’re a fan of making your own beauty products, check food labels for E405 before mixing up that face mask.

Shop Smarter

Despite hard-to-read nutrition labels, sometimes the worst ingredients are hiding in plain sight. Large quantities of sugar and salt continue to be the biggest health concern when it comes to food.

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One of the easiest ways to make sure you make healthy choices at the grocery store is to download a nutrition app. An app like ShopWell can help you read a nutrition label correctly and decipher ingredients quickly.

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Nosh

Foods You Should Never Order At A Restaurant (And Other Secrets From Real Chefs)

You Yelped the perfect brunch spot. After sending Snaps of the meal to your nearest and dearest, you take the first bite…and it’s disappointing. You expected a fabulous meal but got mediocre instead. That’s because, according to celebrity chef Anthony Bourdain, brunch is when chefs use weekend leftovers to create “brunch specials” on Sunday morning.

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If brunch isn’t sacred, what is? Chefs share other foods you should never order at a restaurant and other insider tips for fine dining.

1. Don’t ask for well-done steak.

In addition to skipping brunch, Bourdain also advises restaurant goers to avoid ordering a steak well done. According to Bourdain’s best-selling book Kitchen Confidential, chefs save the toughest, least-appetizing cuts of steak for patrons who want their meat cooked well.

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While Bourdain’s insider tip for ordering steak is just as true today as it was in 1999 when Kitchen Confidential was published, he has since recanted another one of his most famous pieces of dining advice. According to him, it’s now safe to order all the fish you care to eat on Mondays.

2. Pass on the soup du jour.

Unless you’re Lloyd Christmas, you might want to pass on the soup du jour, according to celebrity chef Gordon Ramsay. Instead, Ramsay advises diners to ask what yesterday’s soup du jour was.

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If it’s the same, chances are you’re eating yesterday’s soup instead of a fresh batch.

3. Eating sushi? Skip the wasabi.

Sushi chefs actually put exactly the right amount of wasabi in sushi as they prepare it. Adding extra wasabi is considered an insult to the chef, because adding too much overpowers the actual taste of sushi. What’s more, in the U.S., the wasabi that’s served on the side with sushi is actually a mixture of horseradish, spicy mustard, and green food coloring.

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In addition to skipping the wasabi, Chef John Um of Sushisamba Las Vegas says sushi diners should avoid rubbing their chopsticks together once you break them apart. It insults the restaurant, suggesting their chopstick quality is subpar. If you do see a splinter, just ask for another pair.

4. Stay away from the chicken.

According to real chefs, chicken is one of the most overpriced and least interesting items on menus. In addition, chefs have a hard time making chicken dishes flavorful and exciting.

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To make up for the bland flavor of poultry, extra seasonings and sauces are often added, which can end up making what you thought was a healthy choice into a dish that’s full of excess calories, fat, and sodium.

5. Order the least palatable item on the menu.

You might be scratching your head at this one, but Tyler Cowen, a food writer at The Atlantic, suggests ordering the least palatable-sounding item on the menu at a fancy restaurant.

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According to Cowen: “An item won’t be on the menu unless there is a good reason for its presence. If it sounds bad, it probably tastes especially good. Many popular-sounding items, on the other hand, can be slightly below the menu’s average quality. …And consider that a few items may be on the menu specifically because they are generally in demand, not because the chef cooks them with special brilliance.”
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So, skip that tried-and-true pasta dish, and go for something unusual instead. You’ll be pleasantly surprised at how tasty stepping outside your comfort zone can be.

6. Chefs hate picky eaters.

“But I’d like the pie heated and I don’t want the ice cream on top, I want it on the side, and I’d like strawberry instead of vanilla if you have it. If not, then no ice cream, just whipped cream, but only if it’s real; if it’s out of the can, then nothing.” –Sally Albright, When Harry Met Sally

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Sally Albright might be a movie character, but her penchant for complicated orders is something real chefs hate. Chefs cite kitchen efficiency as one reason they don’t allow substitutions. When a patron has a complicated order, it slows down production.
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For others, like Chef Jon Shook of Los Angeles eatery Animal, asking for substitutions is an insult to the chef’s talent, suggesting the chef’s pairings aren’t up to snuff. As Shook said to Today, “Would you ask Picasso to change his painting?”

7. Don’t ask the waiter’s opinion.

You might be tempted to ask the waiter for a menu recommendation when out for a fancy meal. However, you’re probably not getting an honest opinion. There are a couple of reasons why your server might be less than honest with customers.
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At fine dining restaurants, waiters actually don’t get to try many of the meals. At most fancy restaurants, chefs will allow all their servers to sample a taste of dishes once, but that’s it. If a server recommends a dish, chances are they don’t even remember what it tastes like but have been told to push certain menu items by the chef.
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In addition, since servers work for tips, they will often “recommend” the most expensive dishes last, which are the ones customers are most likely to remember. This way, servers increase their chances of a bigger tip when diners choose the more expensive dish.

8. Dine out Wednesdays and Thursdays.

According to restaurant owner Robin King, the best days to dine out are Wednesday, Thursday, and Saturday. Typically, Mondays and Tuesdays are the slowest days of the restaurant business. These are the days that most head chefs take off, allowing kitchen managers to run the show.

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Your meal will most likely still be just as tasty on these days, but if you chose a restaurant specifically to try a certain chef, you’d be better off dining later in the week.
King also suggests avoiding Fridays, as this is typically the day most people choose to go out. Dining out on Friday usually results in a long wait for a table, less attentive service, and a hastily prepared meal.

9. Always check the bathrooms.

Willie Degel of the show Restaurant Stakeout suggests checking the bathrooms of a restaurant prior to ordering. If the bathrooms are in top shape, then odds are the kitchen is super clean as well.

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Most upscale restaurants, however, are always extra clean. According to an anonymous survey by the Food Network, 85 percent of chefs gave their kitchen an 8 on a scale of 1 to 10 for cleanliness.

10. Keep Your Reservation.

A chef’s biggest pet peeve? Patrons who just don’t show up for a reservation. After all, you wouldn’t make plans with a friend and then fail to show up without good cause, right? The same goes for dining out.

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At upscale or specialty restaurants, chefs have stocked the kitchen based on the number of reservations they received. In addition, a restaurant may have turned away other diners because their reservation log was already full. When you simply don’t show up, you’re causing restaurants to lose out on major profits.
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Plus, it’s just common courtesy. If you’re unable to make your reservation, let the restaurant know as soon as possible, so they have an opportunity to try to fill that table.

11. Compliment the chef.

Everyone loves to receive compliments on a job well done, and a restaurant’s kitchen staff are no exception. However, unlike servers, the people who actually prepared your meal rarely receive tips for a job well done.

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On busy nights, a chef probably won’t have time to come out to your table so you can compliment them on your dining experience. However, you can still show your appreciation. If the restaurant doesn’t allow kitchen staff to be easily tipped after your meal, consider sending a note with a gratuity enclosed to the chef or kitchen manager for a job well done.

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Motherhood

Mother Plans To Sue Hospital After Staff Drops Newborn

Having a baby is both the most wonderful and terrifying thing in the world. In the first days of a newborn’s life, parents rely heavily on nursing staff for their expert knowledge and care, especially if a baby ends up in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

No parents expect to find out that their infant has been injured while in a nurse’s care, but that’s exactly what happened to Kelsey Bond and Kyle Keller. Their infant son Kieran’s skull was fractured when a nurse fell asleep and dropped him during a nighttime feeding.

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Bond and Keller were told that their son had been examined by a pediatrician and was fine, but a subsequent ultrasound showed that Kieran developed an acute subdural hematoma, a brain bleed at the base of the skull.

While Kieran is recovering, Bond plans to sue the hospital for the negligent behavior that could have resulted in her son’s death.

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A similar incident gained national attention when actress Eva Amurri Martino’s son, Major, was dropped by a night nurse after she fell asleep while caring for the infant.

Like Kieran Keller, Major suffered a fractured skull and bleeding on the brain. Major has also recovered with no permanent damage, but Amurri Martino suffered post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a result of the incident.

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Dropping infants is one of the most common causes of newborn injury, but other shocking incidents have occurred as a result of hospital staff negligence.

Nurse severed newborn’s toe.

Devante Hogue, born prematurely at 29 weeks, has several serious medical issues that caused him to remain hospitalized after his twin brother, Delante, was released. After more than eight months, Devante remained in the NICU, where his mother, Erica, trusted the nurses she had come to know well with his care.

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Erica was shocked when she was notified that a nurse accidentally cut off Devante’s pinky toe as she tried to remove surgical tape from the infant’s foot. Doctors tried to reattach the infant’s toe, but were unsuccessful.

Although the hospital did apologize for the nurse’s negligence, the Hogue family is considering legal action.

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Unfortunately, accidents involving newborns and infants occur more often than parents realize, as nurses are often overworked, sleep deprived, and stressed on the job. In fact, the American Nursing Association blames a chronic nurse shortage on the extreme fatigue and burnout nurses face at work.

Nurse administered fatal dose to newborns.

It’s no wonder then, that medical errors are the third most common cause of death in the United States. Although most of these medical errors are the result of accidental negligence, in the truly shocking case of nurse Genene Jones, dozens of children and infants were administered fatal overdoses on purpose.

Jones is currently serving consecutive life sentences in the deaths of two children after giving them fatal injections. It is suspected that Jones may be responsible for the deaths of more than 60 other children and babies since 1981.

Switched at Birth

Not every incident involving nursing negligence results in physical harm to a child. It may sound like the premise of a Lifetime movie, but sometimes a nurse’s negligence results in the wrong baby being taken home.

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Most hospitals now require Mom, Dad, and Baby to wear matching ID bracelets to prevent such mistakes from happening. Despite such safety precautions, babies are still accidentally switched at birth.

Karin Tanabe gave birth to a healthy baby girl and allowed her new daughter to be taken to the nursery so she could rest following the birth. The next morning, her daughter was brought back to her later than she’d expected. T
he nurse told the shocked mother that her daughter had been briefly given to the wrong family.

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Tanabe’s new daughter and the other mother were wearing their ID bands, but the nurse misidentified the numbers, leading her to assume that she’d given the right baby to the right parent.

While the situation was rectified quickly, the nurse’s negligence almost caused Tanabe to unknowingly leave the hospital with someone else’s child. Fortunately, the number of babies who are switched at birth does remain relatively small.

Baby Kidnapped Just Hours After Birth

Even scarier than the thought of bringing home the wrong baby is the thought of a newborn being abducted from the nursery. That’s exactly what happened in 1998, when a woman posing as a nurse kidnapped hours-old baby Kamiya.

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Shanara Mobley, Kamiya’s mother, thought the woman was a nurse, and the nursing staff who interacted with her thought she was a family member.

Mobley sued and won a settlement against the hospital for negligence after her daughter’s disappearance. All leads in the baby Kamiya case ran cold for 18 years, until law enforcement tracked down Gloria Williams, who was identified as the kidnapper.

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The good news is that Kamiya is a normal teenager in good health and is working on building a relationship with her biological family.

Keeping Newborns Safe

Nursing negligence is most often accidental. Exhausted nurses are just as likely to drop a newborn as a sleep-deprived new mother is. 

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Overworked hospital staff with several patients under their care are not likely to notice every visitor in the maternity ward.

Parents can take several precautions to keep their newborns safe while they are under hospital care. If your baby is healthy, request to “room-in” rather than send the baby to the nursery.

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Rooming in allows Baby to stay in the room with Mom and Dad until it is time to go home. This ensures that babies are under the watchful eye of their parents during any procedures.

If rooming in isn’t an option, parents can still be proactive about ensuring their newborn’s safety during a lengthy hospital stay. Check your hospital’s Leapfrog scores to see how they compare with other hospitals in the area.

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Does the hospital have a NICU on site? What is the doctor/nurse/patient ratio? Fewer newborn accidents occur in the NICU with specially trained nurses equipped to handle the needs of high-risk babies. In addition, the lower the staff to patient ratio, the more likely that your baby will receive the attention and care they need.

Hospitals too are working to ensure that fewer accidents involving newborns and infants occur. Well-rested nurses are more alert and attentive, resulting in fewer incidents of negligence.

In 2016, nurses in Washington state won their case against Tacoma General Hospital, resulting in more rest breaks that do not burden other nursing staff or require the nurse on break to be on call during their break.

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In addition to matching ID bands, one hospital in Idaho has added extra security measures in the maternity ward. At Portneuf Medical Center, security checks are done weekly to ensure all equipment is properly functioning, and all maternity staff participate in at least nine security drills per year.

In addition, babies are fitted with an extra security band that will sound an alarm if it gets too near an elevator or door.

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Even though hospitals are working toward reducing nursing negligence, parents should always trust their instincts. Kelsey Bond, the mother of Kieran Keller, said she “had a gut feeling everything wasn’t ok.” She was right, and her actions may have saved her son’s life.

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Motherhood

11 Ways To Raise Successful Kids

Raising children might just be the world’s toughest job. Science shows that good parenting has a lot to do with how kids turn out. With all the conflicting parenting advice available today, it’s hard to know if you’re making the right choices.
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Has your latest decision just set your kids up for a lifetime of success or doom them to live in your basement forever? One action probably won’t bring about either of these extremes, but there are parenting behaviors that seem to help kids thrive. Take some of the guesswork out of parenting with these 11 ways to raise [linkbuilder id=”6498″ text=”successful kids”].

1. Praise effort over achievement.

When your kid brings home a stellar report card, a parent’s natural inclination may be to praise the achievement itself, with something like, “You’re so smart! I knew you’d make all As!” However, this kind of praise may set your child up for failure later in life.
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Instead, parents should teach their kids to have a “growth mindset.” Children who learn to focus on the process of achieving goals instead of the achievement itself are often more successful. Rather than praising your kid for being so smart, focus your praise on the effort he or she must have put in to making good grades.
When parents value effort over achievement, children learn to appreciate setbacks, using them to overcome obstacles rather than be defeated by them.

2. Assign chores.

It might seem easier to just take care of chores yourself instead of supervising your children as they wash dishes, clean their room, or take out the trash. But having your kids complete chores is actually instrumental to their success.
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Studies show that when kids have regular chores, they are more likely to be responsible, do well in school, and have fewer discipline problems than kids who did no chores at home.

3. Teach early math skills.

Most parents read their children nightly bedtime stories, but how many focus on bedtime math equations?
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It turns out that kids who learn early math skills are not only better at math once they reach school age, but they also develop better reading skills. They have higher rates of college enrollment too.
Children who learn early math skills are successful later in life for several reasons. Kids who are focused on math from a young age tend to make better grades and thus feel more confident in their overall abilities, which leads to success in other areas.
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Early math skills may also help children improve executive function skills, which help people organize and complete tasks efficiently—a hallmark of successful adults.

4. Get involved academically.

In addition to learning early math skills, children are more successful when their parents are involved in their education.
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Kids are more likely to have better social skills and behavior, get better grades, and attend college when parents are actively involved in their academic life.
Parents can engage in a child’s academics in a variety of ways:

  • Regularly attend parent–teacher conferences
  • Participate in school fundraising with children

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  • Volunteer in the classroom or at school events
  • Continue learning activities at home

5. Teach kids healthy habits.

The most successful adults practice healthy habits. The earlier kids learn about healthy nutrition and exercise, the more likely they are to stick to these habits as adults. Kids who eat a healthy diet have improved brain function. A healthy diet also improves school attendance, behavior, and test scores.
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Parents can lead by example when teaching kids healthy habits. Get kids moving on a family bike ride or hike, or prepare healthy meals together to teach kids the basics of nutrition.

6. Lead by example.

Kids are incredibly empathetic and are susceptible to emotional contagion, a behavior in which one person’s emotions affect the behaviors and emotions of another. For example, if you’re stressed by a work situation, you may be more distant and irritable at home.
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Your kids see your actions and may begin to mimic your emotions and behaviors. If these are negative and unproductive, children’s grades might slip or they may withdraw socially.
Parents can lead by example when it comes to managing stress. When your stress level is reduced, your kids will benefit too.

7. Practice mindful meditation.

In addition to stress management, parents who teach meditation to their kids can have positive effects on a child’s attention span, grades, and overall mental health.
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Individuals who meditate are generally happier and less anxious. Meditation is often not an option in an already jam-packed school day, but parents can set aside time at home each day for kids to meditate. Institute a family quiet time before dinner each day for kids to totally unplug from devices, take a break from homework, and generally relax.

8. Take a step back.

Although coined in 1969, the term “helicopter parent” just gained widespread notoriety a few years ago. It refers to parents who are overly focused on their children, hovering over them like helicopters.
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Although parents might think being involved in all aspects of their kids’ lives is proactive, it may do more harm than good.
For kids to be successful, parents should actually take a step back. Allow kids to make mistakes, take risks, and work through situations on their own. Of course, this doesn’t mean parents shouldn’t be involved; obviously parents should intervene if a child is in a dangerous situation.
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But when parents limit their involvement in certain areas, kids learn to be self-reliant, a key tool for success.

9. Let kids follow their passions.

Kids dream of being everything from a rock star to the first farmer on Mars when they grow up. Instead of squelching their dreams, encourage kids’ passions, however outlandish they might seem.
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Parents often measure their child’s success in terms of exclusive college admissions or high-paying careers. However, when kids are allowed to pursue their dreams, they are much more likely to be successful in their chosen field. After all, a kid who wants to be the first farmer on Mars might just be the first scientist to discover life on other planets.

10. Build a community.

Humans are not meant to be solitary creatures. Children especially thrive when they have a strong sense of community. Kids who develop strong ties to others have stronger social skills. They are also better at overall communication and problem solving.
There are many ways parents can help children build community bonds. Here are just a few ideas to get started:

  • Have your kids volunteer once a month at the charitable organization of their choice.

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  • Get them involved in a recreational sports team or a club at school.
  • Have them participate in community cleanup efforts.

11. Get advice from parents of successful kids.

Sometimes it’s nice to get advice from parents who have raised successful kids. Some parents set high academic expectations. Others allow children to pursue their natural talents. One family might have a weekly family meeting for better communication. Each [linkbuilder id=”6499″ text=”parenting style”] is different.
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The one thing these parents have in common? They all agree there is no “right” way to raise successful kids. But these tips can help parents raise self-reliant children who are at a greater advantage academically, are socially adept, and care about their community.
Ann Landers, the iconic advice columnist, summed it up perfectly when she wrote, “It is not what you do for your children but what you have taught them to do for themselves that will make them successful human beings.”

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Lifestyle

10 Traits Of Highly Intelligent Individuals

Intelligence is independent of socioeconomic status, race, and gender. Albert Einstein. Henrietta Swan LeavittMozart—the world’s greatest minds have come from all walks of life.
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But studies have shown that intelligent people do share certain [linkbuilder id=”6521″ text=”personality traits”]. If you’ve always thought you were smarter than the average bear, you might find yourself identifying with some of these 10 characteristics.

1. Intelligent people stay up late.

Do you stay up all night or rise and shine with the sun? Some studies show that more intelligent children grow up to be nocturnal as adults.
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There’s a neat bit of science behind this theory. Almost every living organism is governed by circadian rhythm, the internal clock that sets sleep/wake cycles. Humans, however, can actually alter their individual clock, which is why some people stay up late and others rise early.
Until fairly recently, humans tended to sleep as soon as the sun set and rise again with the light. The theory is that more intelligent individuals evolved to actually manipulate their sleep cycles, thus adapting more successfully to modern life.

2. Birth order has an impact on intelligence.

Are you the oldest sibling in your family? If so, you might just be the smartest one too. Older siblings may be more intelligent because they receive more mental stimulation during critical stages of development.
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If you weren’t lucky enough to be born first in your family, though, don’t despair. Research also shows that while older siblings may be more intelligent, younger siblings are actually more likely to be successful in life.

3. Cat people are smarter.

Dogs may be man’s most loyal companions, but research claims that cat lovers may be more intelligent.
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Carroll University conducted a study that measured personality traits, including intelligence among self-described cat lovers and dog lovers. The study found that dog lovers’ social skills are more advanced, but cat lovers scored higher on intelligence markers.
Owning a cat is probably not the sole reason for increased intelligence but a hallmark of your underlying personality. Dog owners tend to be extroverted and seek companionship.
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Cat owners, on the other hand, are usually more introverted, which gives them ample time to focus on reading, thinking, and accumulating information.

4. People with a high IQ are messy and disorganized.

Mom always told you to clean your room, but if your space looks like a Category 4 hurricane just swept through, it may be indicative of high IQ. According to a study from the University of Minnesota, a messy space spurs creative thought.
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In the study, participants who were placed in a tidy space made traditionally “good” choices, like choosing an apple over chocolate.
But when asked to come up with new uses for ping pong balls, the messy-room participants overwhelming came up with creative and novel ideas.
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The study suggests that tidy people make safer choices, but notoriously messy people (like Albert Einstein, for instance) tend to have creative thoughts that lead to innovation.

5. Breast-fed babies grow up to be more intelligent adults.

Breast milk is the original superfood. In the first months of life, it contains all the key nutrients babies need to thrive. However, synthetic formula also contains many nutrients and is a great alternative to breast milk. So what makes breast-fed babies smarter?
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According to Betty Vohr, a professor at Brown University, “The benefit is likely due to long-chain fatty acids found in breast milk.” Long-chain fatty acids, like DHA, aid infants in association and memory development, which may help them develop a higher IQ.
If you bottle feed, there’s no need to worry. Just make sure your formula includes DHA, and your little one will probably be at the top of their class in a few years.

6. More intelligent people engage in one-sided conversation.

Benedict Cumberbatch’s Sherlock Holmes often carries on a conversation with himself, talking almost as fast as he solves cases. Sherlock, a brilliant (but fictional) detective, may be onto something. Studies show that talking to yourself could be a sign of advanced intelligence.
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Problem-solving out loud can help organize thoughts and actions. In addition, talking to yourself can help you focus and complete specific tasks faster. So the next time you get shushed in the library for muttering to yourself, let the librarian know you’re just trying to improve your brainpower!

7. Curiosity leads to higher intelligence.

There are three markers that determine a person’s ability to mentally manage complexity.
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Intelligence quotient (IQ) is traditionally thought of as the most important indicator of intelligence and is difficult to improve significantly as you age.
The other two indicators, emotional quotient (EQ) and curiosity quotient (CQ), however, can be improved over time and may play a much larger role in the ability to improve cognitive function.
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In particular, individuals with a higher CQ are more accepting of the unknown, preferring to ask questions and form their own hypotheses. Individuals who cultivate a higher CQ tend to have a higher intellectual investment over time, leading to increased intelligence.

8. Playing an instrument makes you smarter.

Now might be the time to call up your kindergarten teacher and thank them for making you learn “Hot Cross Buns” on the recorder.
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Studies show that children who play an instrument “develop ‘neurophysiological distinction’ between certain sounds that can aid in literacy, which can translate into improved academic results for kids.”
Some scientists disagree, instead positing that children who take music lessons “tend to have better-educated, higher-earning parents, and to do more extra-curricular activities than other children their age.”
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Whether or not playing an instrument actually improves brain function, all scientists can agree that encouraging children to participate in arts programs is never a bad thing. Kids who interact with the arts tend to have a broader worldview, which also increases intelligence.

9. A sense of humor indicates intelligence.

If you’ve ever seen the classic comedy Dumb and Dumber, you might disagree with the theory that a sense of humor indicates above-average intelligence. In one study, students were asked to come up with captions for New Yorker cartoons. The captions that students found funniest were overwhelmingly written by those who performed higher on IQ tests.
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People who are considered to have a high IQ don’t find just anything humorous, however. According to Reader’s Digest, people who appreciate dark jokes are more intelligent. One reason for this is that it takes a greater mental capacity to process a dark or complicated joke as opposed to the simplicity of a knock-knock joke.

10. Intelligent people are more humble.

Everyone knows one person at work who brags about being the best when their performance is really mediocre on a good day.
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The Dunning-Kruger Effect explains how this happens.
Basically, the Dunning-Kruger Effect is a cognitive bias whereby incompetent people (like that coworker) can’t recognize their own incompetence, and what’s more, they tend to believe the opposite about themselves.
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On the flip side, people who are highly skilled and considered to be more intelligent rarely brag about their accomplishments and are more likely to doubt their abilities.