Author: Kelly Burch

Categories
Conscious Beauty Lifestyle

What Does Toner Do? All Your Questions About Toner, Answered

Each morning and evening you cleanse your face and apply a moisturizer (right?). In the quest for clean, even, and firm skin, those steps have long been thought of as the essentials. But now, thanks to the popularity of the 10-step Korean skincare routine and more skincare companies at Sephora than we know what to do with, skincare junkies are finding more and more products we consider essential, like toner. Beauty experts extol the virtues of toner, but how many of us actually know what it does?
Learning about a new beauty product can be overwhelming, particularly if you’ve already got a skincare routine that you love. Plus, who has the time to understand a new product when you’re scrambling just to find a few minutes to yourself in the morning and evening to wash your face? But set your doubts aside: Once you understand what toner does, you’ll want to incorporate it into your routine.
We spoke to beauty experts and skincare scientists to answer all of your questions about facial toner. We got the answers on who should use it, when it should be applied, and that essential question: What does toner do?
Here’s everything you need to know about this crucial boost to your skincare routine.

What does toner do?

According to Clara Song of Catherine Jinn, a Korean skincare line that aims to bring together Eastern and Western approaches to skincare, facial toner is meant to cleanse your face and prepare your skin for the application of the serums and creams that follow in your skincare routine.
Toner should be applied after you wash your face to remove any leftover debris or dirt from the skin, giving you the perfect clean canvas to apply the rest of your skincare essentials.
Song says many people think they can skip facial toner, but using it really helps enhance a skincare routine.
“It’s easy to think cleaning the skin with a cleanser is enough, but this added step of toner can be an important step in keeping the skin clean without damaging it,” she says.
According to Charlotte Cho, esthetician and founder of Soko Glam and The Klog, a good toner should leave your skin feeling clean and hydrated. After you apply toner, your skin should feel soft and supple, she writes at The Klog, not tight or dry.

What is in facial toner?

Traditionally, toners were made from astringent ingredients that were meant to cause the skin to contract or tighten according to David Pollock, a chemist who has worked on many skincare products and consults in the beauty industry. Most toners were made using an alcohol or witch hazel base, which sometimes stung when they were applied to skin. These products gave toner a bad reputation as a product that would leave your skin stinging, red, or tight: not exactly what you want as part of your beauty routine.
Modern toners, however, are very different.
“Quality toner usually doesn’t contain ingredients like alcohol, which dry out and can even strip the skin of its nutrients,” Song tells HealthyWay.
Rather than assaulting your skin, modern toners are packed with antioxidants, nutrition, and hydrating materials that leave your skin feeling great, according to Rhonda Q. Klein, MD, a dermatologist practicing with the Connecticut Dermatology Group and a former assistant professor of dermatology at Yale University.
“A toner is a fast-penetrating liquid that removes dead skin cells off the surface of the skin leaving plump refreshed skin,” she tells us. “They are primers for the rest of your serums and moisturizers.”
Today, toners are formulated to fit a number of skincare needs from delivering powerful hydration to shrinking your pores and even reducing acne, Klein says.

What does toner do to balance pH?

In the past, facial toner was used to balance the pH level of your skin after it was cleansed.
In case you need a quick refresher on Chemistry 101: pH indicates how alkaline or acidic something is. It’s measured on a scale of 1 to 14, with water—which is neither acidic or alkaline—falling right in the middle with a measurement of 7. Anything with a higher pH is considered alkaline, while anything with a lower pH is considered acidic.
What does all this science have to do with skincare? Well, your skin is naturally acidic with an average pH of 4.7 according to a 2006 study published in the International Journal of Cosmetic Science. The acidity of your skin helps it it stay healthy and keeps bacteria at bay.
“pH balance is important because if it becomes unbalanced, the skin weakens and is more susceptible to bacteria and infections,” Song explains.
So, what does toner do to balance pH? In the past, most cleansers were very alkaline according to Pollock. Because cleaners were alkaline, toner was promoted as a way to restore the proper (acidic) pH of your skin. However, with advancements in the formulation of cleansers, it’s become less necessary to use a toner purely to reset the pH level of skin.
“Multi-purpose cleansers started to do more and be more closely pH-balanced for the skin,” Pollock says. “For the past 15 or 20 years, I have had very few clients interested in launching any type of toner.”

Where does toner fit into Korean skincare?

If toners had gone out of fashion, why are so many people talking about what toner does in 2018? The answer: Korean skincare.
“With today’s K-beauty invasion, toners are coming back into popularity,” says Pollock.
Whereas Americans tend to emphasize makeup products that can make your skin look fantastic, a Korean skincare routine emphasizes having skin that looks healthy, even, and glowing without additional products. Women who follow Korean beauty regimens aim to achieve this using a 10-step skincare routine that involves—you guessed it—facial toner.
According to Cho, Koreans embrace toner as a way to get the most out of the rest of their skincare routine. She uses the analogy of a sponge: If the sponge is completely dried out, it won’t absorb much of the liquid it comes into contact with. However, if it’s slightly damp, it will absorb liquid much more quickly.
Your skin works the same way, she explains. If it is dried out after cleansing, you won’t get as much out of the serums and creams that you put on afterward. Toner, she says, provides the hydration and nutrients that leave your skin ready to take all it can from the rest of the products in your beauty routine.

What does toner do for people with oily skin? Should everyone be using it?

With all this talk of hydration, you might wonder if you can still benefit from using toner if you have oily skin. Good news: You absolutely can.
Cho points out that hydration has to do with the amount of water in your skin, not the amount of oil. Although having skin that feels dry might make you feel like you’ve temporarily defeated your oily skin, it’s not actually addressing the problem. In fact, Cho says that almost every client she sees could benefit from more hydration, whether their skin type presents as dry or oily.
Modern toners are formulated to address a variety of skin issues, so the key is finding one that works for you.
With the right product, Klein says anyone can benefit from using a toner. “If you feel that your skin care regimen is lacking and that your skin is not optimized, adding on a toner is the perfect primer for the rest of your skin care routine,” she says.
Here are toners that the pros recommend for specific skin types:

  • If you have oily skin, try Fresh Umbrian Clay Purifying Facial Toner ($35).
    • This toner gives you the same hydrated but clean feeling that you would experience after wearing a clay mask, without the time investment.
  • If you have dry skin, try Galactomyces Alcohol-Free Toner ($16).
    • This toner has a secret weapon: fermented ingredients that will leave your skin looking smooth and balanced. Korean skincare enthusiasts often use products with fermented ingredients, and this toner is a great way to get started.  
  • If you have combination skin, try Son & Park Beauty Water ($30).
    • This toner is designed to cleanse without drying, making it perfect for people who experienced localized breakouts. With lavender and rosewater, it will soothe your skin and leave you feeling energized.
  • If you have sensitive skin, try Kenzoki Fresh Lotus Water ($29).
    • This misting toner is the perfect choice for women who want something gentle. You’ll feel refreshed and clean no matter when you apply it.
  • If you’re feeling puffy, red, or dry, try Darphin Intral Toner With Chamomile ($54).
    • No one likes when their face feels inflamed. The chamomile will calm irritation and is ideal for a variety of skin types.

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When considering a toner, Klein recommends taking a quick look at the ingredients to determine whether the toner will fit your needs. For instance, rosewater is hydrating and clarifying, while chamomile is calming and soothing. People who are dealing with acne might benefit from an alcohol-based toner, but most everyone else should stick to a water-based formulation, she says.
There are also some ingredients to avoid, depending on your skin type.
“If you have dry or sensitive skin, avoid alcohol, retinols, glycolic, or benzoyl peroxide toners,” Klein says. “If you are oily or acne-prone, avoid toners with vitamin E and other essential oils.”

How do I incorporate toner into my beauty routine?

Toner should be either the second or third step in your skincare routine.
In most cases, you should apply your facial toner directly after cleansing in the morning and the evening.
“You want to tone within one minute of washing your face so that the nutrients are absorbed best,” Klein says.
The only time you should wait to apply your toner is if you are exfoliating after cleansing. Apply your toner after that step; otherwise, it will be washed away when you wash off your exfoliator.
Some people prefer to apply the toner directly using their hands, but if you do that, you want to make sure that your hands are very clean. If not, you run the risk of introducing more debris onto your skin.
“Our hands are not clean either, so rubbing them on our face sort of defeats the purpose of cleaning it,” Song says. She recommends using a cotton pad to gently wipe or pat the skin with toner, without aggressively rubbing it in.
There are many gentle options for toners, so if you find that your skin is irritated, try switching products. If it still feel like too much, try using toner just once a day. Song recommends using it at night in this case, to be sure that your face is especially clean after a long day in order to prevent issues.
“Not having properly cleansed skin can lead to acne and breakouts,” she says.

Can I make a DIY facial toner?

The products listed above are a great way to get started with incorporating facial toner into your beauty routine. However, if you want to try a DIY toner, that’s possible as well.
Witch hazel is readily available and can be applied to the skin directly or diluted with water to make a witch hazel toner.
If you’re looking for a toner that is a bit more gentle, Pollock recommends steeping rose petals in water and adding a bit of glycerin, a natural, non-toxic hydrating compound made from vegetable fat that can boost your collagen levels. You can find glycerin at your local drug store.
Another popular DIY option is creating a green tea toner, which Klein recommends. This is super easy: Brew a cup of green tea, letting it steep for three to five minutes. After the liquid has cooled, you can apply it directly to your face. Be sure to store any DIY toners in airtight containers in the fridge when they’re not in use.
You might have heard of using lemon to make your own DIY toner, but experts don’t recommend this. Lemon is very acidic and can disrupt the pH balance of your skin. Plus, it can leave you exposed to sunburn.
You may not have grown up using facial toner as part of your beauty routine, but adjusting your skincare regimen to fit toner in can be a simple step toward healthier skin.
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Categories
More Than Mom Motherhood

I Let Go Of My Guilt And Need For Perfection (And I'm A Better Mom Because Of It)

Long before a become a mom, I was a nanny, and let me tell you, no one knew how to raise other people’s children quite as well as I did.
I had an opinion on when (and where) kids should nap, how to get them to eat healthy foods, and what bedtime routines should look like. Surprisingly, I was able to stick to my ideals when it came to child rearing, due in no small part to the fact that I was only with the kids for a few hours every day.
I thought—no, I knew—that I had it all figured out. I was a great nanny, so naturally I would be a great mom. When I was pregnant with my first child I knew exactly what her infancy would look like: She would be exclusively breastfed, she would sleep in her own room, she would have a strict schedule, and, of course, she’d be potty trained by age 2 at the latest.
Here is where all the experienced moms are probably laughing (and for good reason). It turns out that children like to disrupt our well-laid plans. As a nanny it was easy to stay on track; I had the energy to constantly correct the kids and push back when they were breaking the rules since I got to go home at the end of the day, eat an uninterrupted dinner, and sleep for eight glorious hours. As an exhausted new mom, on the other hand, I realized that as long as I was keeping the baby alive, that was good enough. I was too tired to be that perfect parent I had always envisioned myself being.
Still, I felt the pressure to be the mom I always planned to be (and the mom that Facebook mommy groups told me I should be). I worried that my daughter was watching too much television, spending too much time at her grandmother’s, or playing too often on her own.
“Look at how happy she is,” my husband would say when I expressed concern. Still, I couldn’t let go. I often found myself feeling jealous about his laid back approach to “good enough” parenting, while I scrambled for perfection.
It all came to a head the summer that my daughter was 3. I had a miscarriage, a family dog died, and my aunt passed away—all within five weeks. Work was madness, and my marriage was stressful. I was in survival mode like never before.
All of a sudden self-care via embracing imperfection didn’t feel indulgent, it felt absolutely necessary. Sending my daughter for a night away wasn’t a luxury, it was my only chance for critical time to relax and catch up on sleep. My child ate more takeout and watched more television than I would have liked. And through it all she thrived. She grew even more confident in her relationships with other caregivers, engaged with new concepts (thanks, TV), and developed skills and interests that allow her to entertain herself.
Finally, I felt like I was able to see what my husband had known since day one: that taking time to rejuvenate and recharge as a parent is essential to raising well-adjusted kids. Allowing some things to be imperfect didn’t make me any less of a good mom.
I want my daughter to know that she doesn’t have to be perfect, and one way to show her that is to embrace imperfection in myself. Now I take guilt-free time to myself, let my parenting ideals slide a bit, and refuse to get caught up on how I “should” be parenting.
And you know what? Since I’ve embraced imperfection, I’m a better mom—which was the whole point in the first place.

Categories
Health x Body Wellbeing

What's The Best Birth Control? The One That Works For You; Here’s How To Find It

You know that you don’t want kids (or more kids) right now, or maybe ever. But you don’t want to have to worry about changing your lifestyle choices in order to avoid pregnancy. Instead you want the best birth control: something that is reliable at preventing pregnancy, doesn’t have nasty side effects, and fits in with your daily schedule.
Luckily, in 2018, you can have all those things.
For decades, birth control meant one option: the pill. Now, however, there are myriad choices. Women looking for the best birth control can chose low-hormone or even non-hormonal options. There are birth control options that you take daily, only use when needed, or get once and don’t have to think about again for years. You can even decide whether you want to have a monthly cycle or would prefer to skip your periods altogether.
All that choice is a wonderful thing because it allows you to find the best birth control for your body and lifestyle. Unfortunately, it can also be a bit overwhelming. Choosing the best birth control can mean doing a lot of research—and some soul searching—to decide what you really want.
HealthyWay spoke to women’s health experts about the advantages and disadvantages of the most common [linkbuilder id=”736″ text=”forms of birth control”], as well as what women should consider when trying to find the best birth control option for them. Here’s what they had to say:

What is the best birth control?

Finding the best birth control is individual to each woman, says GG Collins, MD, a fellow of the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and a fertility specialist in Progyny’s provider network.
“There are benefits to each form of contraception, and matching the option that works best with your lifestyle and minimizes your side effects is the right choice,” she says.
Considering the effectiveness of the birth control, how long it is designed to last, and any side effects are all important when you’re trying to find the best birth control for you.
Here’s a breakdown of these factors for popular birth control options, arranged from most effective to least effective at preventing pregnancy.
As you consider what’s the best birth control for you, remember that most of these forms of birth control do not protect against sexually transmitted infections or diseases.

Copper IUD (ParaGard)

Effectiveness: Intrauterine devices (better known as IUDs) are the most effective form of birth control, preventing more than 99 percent of unwanted pregnancies. The copper IUD prevents pregnancy as soon as it is placed. It is also an extremely effective form of emergency contraception: If it is placed within five days of unprotected sex it will prevent pregnancy more than 99.9 percent of the time.
How It Works: All IUDs are t-shaped devices that sit in the uterus and disrupt how the sperm would normally get to an egg. With the sperm unable to reach the egg, pregnancy is unlikely to occur. The copper on ParaGard also provides an additional level of protection by creating an environment that is toxic to sperm and eggs.
This may be the best birth control for you if:

  • You want effective, long-lasting birth control. The copper IUD can prevent more than 99 percent of pregnancies for up to 12 years.
  • You do not want hormonal birth control. The copper IUD has no hormones, making it a popular choice for women who don’t want to disrupt their natural hormonal balance. “Many women choose the copper IUD because it does not have a hormonal component,” Collins says.
  • You’re breastfeeding. The copper IUD can be used by breastfeeding moms.
  • You need emergency contraception after having unprotected sex.
  • You might want to become pregnant in a few years. Fertility returns quickly after any type of IUD is removed.

This may not be the best birth control for you if:

  • Some women shy away from the copper IUD because it must be inserted by a physician. This can be uncomfortable, particularly for women who have not had children, Collins says.
  • Some women also experience ongoing cramping or irregular bleeding, and more intense periods, Collins says. “The main reason for discontinuation tends to be due to heavier and more painful periods that occasionally occur with the copper IUD,” she explains.

Hormonal IUD

Effectiveness: Like ParaGard, hormonal IUDs (sold under the brand names Mirena, Kyleena, Liletta, and Skyla) prevent more than 99 percent of unwanted pregnancies. However, they can take up to seven days to start working fully, so be sure to use a back-up form of birth control in the meantime.
How It Works: Hormonal IUDs thicken cervical mucus and disrupt sperm’s journey through the uterus, making it less likely that sperm will reach an egg. In addition, these IUDs release the hormone progestin, which prevents the ovaries from releasing an egg. Depending on the brand, hormonal IUDs can prevent pregnancy for up to six years.
This may be the best birth control for you if:

  • You want long-acting, effective birth control that you only need to think about once. “Once an IUD is in place, women don’t have to think about it,” says Jessica Grossman, MD, CEO of Medicines360. “It’s ‘set it and forget it’ contraception, a key benefit for women ages 20 to 40.”
  • You have heavy periods. Unlike copper IUDs, hormonal IUDs make periods lighter or can stop them all together. You’ll also likely experience fewer cramps.
  • You might want to become pregnant in a few years. Fertility returns quickly after any type of IUD is removed.

This may not be the best birth control for you if:

  • Having a period gives you peace of mind: “Some women like to have a monthly period for social or personal reasons, and many women with the hormonal IUD do not have regular periods,” Collins says. You might also experience irregular spotting.

Tubal Ligation

Effectiveness: Tubal ligation, also known as female sterilization or having your tubes tied, is 99 percent effective at preventing pregnancy.
How It Works: During a surgical procedure, a doctor blocks or cuts the fallopian tubes, the pathway that an egg takes to get from the ovaries to the uterus. With the tubes blocked, sperm cannot reach the egg, so pregnancy can’t occur.
This may be the best birth control for you if:

  • You are sure you don’t want to become pregnant in the future. This is a permanent procedure.

This may not be the best birth control for you if:

  • You’re unsure about having kids, or you would like the option to have more kids in the future.
  • You don’t like the idea of surgery. Unlike many long-lasting birth control options that can be placed in an office, tubal ligation is a surgical procedure that requires some anesthesia (it can be done with general or local anesthesia).

Birth Control Implant

Effectiveness: The birth control implant is more than 99 percent effective at preventing pregnancy. It is effective immediately if you get it within the first five days of your cycle. If not, use backup birth control (like condoms) for a week.
How It Works: The birth control implant is a rod the size of a matchstick that is implanted under the skin of your upper arm. It releases the hormone progestin, which stops an egg from being released, and also thickens the mucus around the cervix, making it harder for sperm to get into the uterus. The implant lasts for up to four years.
This may be the best birth control for you if:

  • You want to avoid estrogen. While most hormonal birth controls contain estrogen, the implant provides highly effective birth control without it, making it a popular choice for women who want fewer hormones, Collins says.
  • You want lighter periods or none at all. One third of women who use the implant stop getting a period within a year.

This may not be the best birth control for you if:

  • You’re squeamish. Inserting and removing the implant is normally an easy procedure, but it does involve cutting the skin open. Sometimes the implant can migrate a few centimeters, making removal more difficult, Collins says.
  • Most women don’t have many side effects with the implant, but some experience weight gain, cysts, or breast soreness.

The Birth Control Shot

Effectiveness: The birth control shot is 94 percent effective at preventing pregnancy with real-world use (which accounts for women who fudge a little on their shot schedules), but if you always get your shot on time, it is 99 percent effective.
How It Works: The shot contains progestin, which stops ovulation and thickens cervical mucus. You need to get the shot every three months.
This may be the best birth control for you if:

  • You want long-term effectiveness without an implant or IUD.
  • You don’t mind visiting the doctor. Although you need to go to the doctor every three months, getting the shot itself is quick, easy, and relatively non-invasive.

This may not be the best birth control for you if:

  • You forget appointments. You must make an appointment every three months to get your shot in order to reliably prevent pregnancy.
  • You want to get pregnant soon. Although you need the shot every three months to maintain peak effectiveness, there can be some delay in getting pregnant for up to 10 months after stopping this form of birth control.

The Birth Control Ring

Effectiveness: The ring is 91 percent effective. Because it must be inserted and removed, effectiveness depends upon your ability to put it in and take it out on time, as well as storing the ring properly (out of sunlight and sometimes in the refrigerator). Some antibiotics and other medications can also make the ring less effective.
How It Works: The small, flexible ring is inserted into the vagina for three weeks at a time, and then removed for a week. It releases the hormones estrogen and progestin, which thicken cervical mucus and stop an egg from being released each month.
This may be the best birth control for you if:
You don’t want to think about birth control daily. “Many women like this form of contraception if they would like a longer-acting form of contraception but do not want a long acting device placed like the IUD or implant,” Collins says.
You have other health concerns. The ring can help control acne, PMS, and cysts. It can also help you avoid bone thinning and iron deficiency.
This may not be the best birth control for you if:

  • You’re not okay inserting it. “The ring placement requires you to be comfortable putting the ring in and removing it from the vagina,” Collins says.
  • You’re forgetful. The effectiveness of the ring depends on you remembering to put it in and take it out on time.
  • You’re on other medications. Since some medications can decrease the effectiveness of the ring, talk to your doctor about how your medications might interact with it.

Birth Control Pill
Effectiveness: The original form of hormonal birth control is 91 percent effective with typical use. For optimal effectiveness the pill must be taken at the exact same time every day. Medications and antibiotics can also reduce the effectiveness of the pill.
How It Works: The birth control pill stops ovulation. There are many brand names, but two main types of birth control pills:

  • Combination pills contain estrogen and progestin that stop ovulation and thicken cervical mucus.
  • “Mini pills” contain only progestin. They thicken the cervical mucus and stop ovulation, but not as consistently as combination pills. Because of this, mini pills are only about 87 percent effective at preventing pregnancy.

This may be the best birth control for you if:

  • You’re looking for a simple solution. “The birth control pill tends to be a very popular option for most women due to its ease of use,” Collins says. Because it doesn’t have to be inserted or removed by a doctor, some women feel this is an easier birth control solution.
  • You’re addressing other health issues. “Some women start the pill for contraception, but also use it to establish regular periods, to reduce acne, and potentially to reduce ovarian cysts,” Collins says.
  • You need to avoid estrogen. The mini pill is a good option for breastfeeding moms, women over 40, women with gastrointestinal issues, and people who have had negative side effects on birth controls containing estrogen in the past, Collins says.

This may not be the best birth control for you if:

  • Your schedule is unpredictable. Taking the pill at the same time each day is essential for effectiveness.
  • You have other health concerns. “Due to primarily the side effects of the estrogen found in birth control pills, there are both absolute contraindications (meaning you should never take these medications) and relative contraindications (meaning speak to your physician before taking and decide if the benefits outweigh the risks),” Collins says. For example, women who have blood clots, impaired liver function, breast cancer, undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, or who are smokers over the age of 35 should never take a combination pill.

The Birth Control Patch

Effectiveness: The patch is 91 percent effective with real-world use. Some antibiotics and medication reduce its effectiveness. It can also fall off occasionally. In addition, the user must remember when to apply and remove the patch for it to be most effective.
How It Works: The patch contains estrogen and progestin that are released into the skin. A new patch is applied once a week for three weeks, then taken off for one week.
This may be the best birth control for you if:

  • You want something you can apply yourself but don’t want to take a daily pill.

This may not be the best birth control for you if:

  • You’re sensitive to estrogen. “The estrogen levels in women using the transdermal patch are higher than with most birth control pills,” Collins explains. In fact, the FDA now requires the patch to have a warning, since it exposes women to 60 percent more estrogen than the pill does.
  • You weigh over 198 pounds, in which case the patch may not prevent pregnancy.

Fertility Awareness

Effectiveness: Fertility awareness methods—also known as natural family planning and the rhythm method—are between 76 and 88 percent effective.
How It Works: There are a variety of fertility awareness methods, but all share a common idea: You monitor your monthly cycles (using a chart or app) in order to know when you are most fertile. During that time you either avoid intercourse or use a backup birth control method like condoms, a diaphragm, or a sponge.
This may be the best birth control for you if:

  • You want to avoid hormones or implants. Fertility awareness relies on your intimate understanding of your body, without any additional prevention methods.
  • It wouldn’t be a huge issue if you got pregnant. Since fertility awareness methods are less reliable, they’re best for people who wouldn’t be upset if they became pregnant.
  • You have a solid understanding of how your cycles work. “If you wish to pursue the natural family planning method, it would be worthwhile to consult with a reproductive endocrinologist to grasp a strong foundation in the menstrual cycle,” Collins says.

This may not be the best birth control for you if:

  • You absolutely do not want to be pregnant. No matter how well you track your cycles, there is always room for error with this method, Collins says. “Natural family planning is the least effective form of contraception as [menstrual cycles often] vary and the peak fertility time periods may shift each month,” she explains.
  • You have irregular cycles. That makes it even harder to regularly track your fertile window.

Condoms and Withdrawal

Effectiveness: Effectiveness ranges from 78 percent (for withdrawal, also known as pulling out) to 79 percent (for female condoms) to 85 percent (for male condoms).
How It Works: These are options that you are likely to use in the heat of the moment. Male condoms prevent pregnancy (and STIs) by preventing sperm from entering the vagina. Using the withdrawal method, a man does not ejaculate in the vagina, reducing the risk that sperm will meet with an egg and result in pregnancy.
Male condoms and withdrawal alone aren’t the best birth control since they are often ignored in the heat of the moment. “Condoms and the withdrawal method are the least effective forms of contraception as they are often forgotten at the time of intercourse,” Collins says.
Condoms are effective at preventing many STIs, and should be used even by people who are on other forms of birth control. “All patients, regardless of what contraception they are using, should consider the use of a condom from the beginning to protect against sexually transmitted infections,” Collins says.

How to Find the Best Birth Control for You

In addition to considering the information above, it’s a smart idea to book an appointment with your doctor to discuss what the best birth control for you is given your health history, lifestyle, and future reproductive plans.
“Each woman should have a discussion with either their gynecologist or their reproductive endocrinologist about their concerns and desires to match the best form of contraception with what would work best for her lifestyle,” Collins says.
When you’re talking to your doctor, consider these questions:
Do you plan to have children in the future? When?
This question can help you identify how long you would like your birth control to last.
Do you have other health concerns?
Sometimes a birth control method isn’t a good choice for women with certain health conditions. If you’re a smoker, have physical or mental health conditions, or have painful periods, these factors need to be part of your discussion with your doctor about the best birth control given your needs. You want one that is safe to use with your condition or can even help alleviate it, Collins says. In addition, it’s important to talk about any other medications that you’re currently taking, since some medications can affect the reliability of birth control.
If you’re particularly concerned about uterine cancer (perhaps due to a family history), the patch, pill, ring, and shot can offer some protection. The patch, pill, and ring can also help protect you from ovarian cancer.
Have you experienced positive or negative side effects from birth control in the past?
Think about your experiences with past birth control options. Have you gained weight on the pill, for example, or had your acne clear up? Perhaps you enjoyed not getting a regular period when you had an IUD. Think about what has worked well for you in the past (and what hasn’t), and discuss both good and bad side effects with your doctor.
What does your sex life look like?
Considering your sex life is a huge part of finding the best birth control for you. For example, if you have multiple partners, no matter what birth control method you use, you’ll also want to use a birth control method that prevents STIs, like male condoms, Collins says. If you rarely have sex, you might be more comfortable relying on as-needed methods, whereas if you are frequently sexually active, you might want a birth control form that you don’t need to think about in the moment.
If you try something new but suspect it might not be the best birth control for you, try to give it six months before changing, Collins recommends. Of course, if your symptoms are severe (like chest pain or shortness of breath) stop the birth control immediately and call your doctor.
Finding the best birth control for you can be an intensive process, but Grossman says it is important: “Knowing which method best suits your lifestyle is important to your overall health and well-being, and ultimately, for avoiding unintended pregnancy.”
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Categories
Health x Body Wellbeing

Calcium Deficiency Can Cause These Conditions; Here’s How To Make Sure You’re Getting The Amount Your Body Needs

When you were a kid you were probably told to drink your milk with every meal in order to grow strong and healthy bones. While each glass won’t equate to an inch in height, it’s true that dairy is a great source of calcium, an essential mineral. That said, in America, 6 percent of the population say they’re vegan, up from just 1 percent in 2014, and whether you’re #plantpowered or still drink milk daily,  it’s important to make sure that you’re getting enough calcium.
Chances are that you might not have given much thought to your calcium intake until recently. However, calcium deficiency doesn’t just affect adults, but also infants and children, so you’ll want to know the signs to ensure that no one in the family is suffering from the condition.
Luckily, with a bit of extra planning, it’s entirely possible to get enough calcium either by eating dairy and meat or as part of a plant-based diet. Luckily, eating an array of foods can help you avoid calcium deficiency, so there’s no need to put all your stock in dairy if you’re looking to boost your calcium intake.
Here is everything you should know about calcium deficiency, from the signs and symptoms to how to get more calcium into your diet.

What is calcium’s role within the body?

Calcium is an essential mineral that keeps your body functioning well. Most people know that calcium is associated with bones and teeth. In fact, 99 percent of the calcium that you consume is used to keep your [linkbuilder id=”6657″ text=”bones and teeth strong”] and healthy according to Vanessa Rissetto, a registered dietician and nutritionist in Hoboken, New Jersey, and former senior dietitian at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City.
Calcium is also needed to help your muscles move and ensure your nerves can carry messages according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Additionally, calcium helps your blood move through your body and clot, and is important for the release of hormones and enzymes that control a range of bodily functions from digestion to menstruation. With so many important functions controlled by calcium, it’s critical to make sure that you don’t suffer from calcium deficiency.

How much calcium is enough to avoid calcium deficiency?

Each day we naturally lose calcium when we shed nails, skin, or hair, use the bathroom, or sweat, according to the National Osteoporosis Foundation. Although calcium is always leaving our body, it’s impossible for our bodies to make more calcium. Because of this, we need to make sure we’re getting enough calcium in our diets so that we don’t develop a deficiency.
So, how much calcium should you be getting? It depends on how old you are. Here are the recommended daily intakes from the NIH:

  • Infants younger than 6 months need 200 milligrams of calcium each day, which can come from breast milk or infant formulas. Unlike any other age group in the U.S., nearly 100 percent of infants get the calcium intake they need, whether they’re breastfed or on formula, which means unless you have a preterm infant or baby with other special dietary needs, you shouldn’t have to worry about your infant’s calcium intake.
  • Infants 7 to 12 months need 260 milligrams of calcium each day. Since yogurt can be introduced into a baby’s diet once they’re over 6 months old, a 4-ounce serving of plain, low-fat yogurt (207.5 mg according to the NIH) and a cup of kale baby food (90.5 mg) would exceed an older baby’s need by 38 grams while diversifying their diet.
  • Kids ages 1 to 3 need 700 milligrams of calcium each day. According to the NIH, a slice of white bread, a half cup of cottage cheese, a cup of calcium-fortified orange juice, and a cup of whole milk would exceed a toddler’s daily need by 66 mg.
  • Kids ages 4 to 8, adults ages 19 to 50, and men over 50 need 1,000 milligrams of calcium each day. A cup of black-eyed peas, 24 almonds, a cup of frozen, boiled collards, a quarter block of tofu, plus the cup of orange juice mentioned above (all plant based!) would exceed a child or adult’s need by 149 mg. Of course dairy, fish, or meat sources of calcium can be swapped in, too.
  • Kids and teens ages 9 to 18 need 1,300 milligrams of calcium each day. Adding a cup of trail mix (nuts, seeds, and chocolate chips—which contains approximately 159 mg of calcium) to the selections listed above will ensure they consume 8 mg over their recommended daily value.
  • Women over 50 and all people over 70 need 1,200 milligrams of calcium each day, meaning people in these age ranges can aim to consume the same amount of calcium-rich foods we’ve recommended for kids, teens, and adults of other ages.

Pregnant and breastfeeding women do not need to consume additional calcium, but according to Rissetto it is especially important to make sure you are getting the recommended daily dose if you are pregnant or nursing.
“If a pregnant woman has low levels of calcium, the fetus will draw calcium from the maternal bones in order to get the amounts that it needs,” she says. This can cause the mother’s bones to demineralize more rapidly. In addition to weakening the bones, this can also release lead into the bloodstream, which can potentially harm mom and baby, Rissetto says. To avoid this, she recommends that all pregnant women take a calcium supplement. Note that most prenatal vitamins contain between 200 and 300 mg of calcium (but be sure to check the label!).

Why is vitamin D important to help avoid calcium deficiency?

In order to make sure that your body is getting enough calcium you need to get enough vitamin D as well. This is important because your body needs vitamin D in order to properly absorb calcium into your bones.
“Vitamin D helps to put calcium into the correct location, the bones, rather than the blood vessels and the arteries,” says Prudence Hall, MD, author of the book Radiant Again & Forever.  
Vitamin D is most readily found in sunlight, according to the NIH. When ultraviolet rays from sunlight hit your skin, they trigger vitamin D synthesis. This releases vitamin D into your system, which in turn helps with the absorption of calcium. However, wearing sunblock can affect the production of vitamin D, since even an SPF 8 reduces vitamin D production by 95 percent. This can make it harder to absorb calcium. It can also be difficult to get enough vitamin D during the darker winter months.
Because of this, many people need to turn to food or supplements to get additional vitamin D. Vitamin D is found in fish including tuna, salmon, and mackerel. Other foods including milk, orange juice, and cereals are fortified with vitamin D. However the most foolproof way to make sure that you’re getting enough vitamin D to avoid calcium deficiency is to take a vitamin D supplement.
The Centers for Disease Control recommends that all breastfed infants receive a vitamin D supplement. While infant formula is fortified with vitamin D, breast milk does not contain the vitamin, meaning breastfed babies benefit from supplementation.
Note that scientists are learning that vitamin D isn’t the only vitamin that is essential to preventing calcium deficiency. Researchers are beginning to look more closely at how vitamin K affects calcium absorption and bone strength. It is believed that vitamin K can help keep calcium in the bones and out of the blood. People who are concerned about calcium deficiency should consider supplementing their diets with vitamins D and K, Hall says.

What are the signs of calcium deficiency?

It can be hard to tell if you’re not getting enough calcium from your diet. That’s because rather than showing symptoms, your body will begin pulling calcium stores from your bones in order to perform essential functions and compensate for the calcium deficiency according to the NIH.
Over time you may begin noticing that your nails and teeth appear more brittle or weakened, Rissetto says. That can be an early warning sign that something is wrong.
“Healthy nails and teeth aren’t necessarily a sign of sufficient calcium intake, but they are an indicator,” she says.
Over time, the symptoms of calcium deficiency can become more alarming. Numbness in your hands and feet, tingling in your fingers, and abnormal heartbeat can all be signs of calcium deficiency according to the NIH. Depression, muscle cramps, and memory loss can also be signs of calcium deficiency, Rissetto says.
Since calcium deficiency can be hard to detect until it becomes severe, Rissetto suggests talking to your doctor if you are experiencing any of the symptoms of calcium deficiency. Oftentimes people wait until they break a bone to discuss calcium deficiency, but by that point the calcium deficiency is already severe. She also notes that people who are concerned about their vitamin D levels should talk to their doctors, since that can directly contribute to calcium deficiency.

It is possible to get too much calcium?

Getting enough calcium is important in order to avoid the symptoms above, but getting too much calcium can cause negative health effects ranging from constipation to kidney stones. Additionally, studies referenced in a Harvard School of Public Health resource point to high milk, lactose, and calcium consumption being related to ovarian cancer and advanced and fatal prostate cancer. The ovarian and prostate cancer section of the resource concludes, “Clearly, although more research is needed, we cannot be confident that high milk or calcium intake is safe.”
Most children and adults under 50 should not consume more than 2,500 milligrams of calcium each day. Adults over 50 shouldn’t eat more than 2,000 milligrams of calcium in a day.

Who is most at risk for calcium deficiency?

Most Americans get enough calcium from their diets and do not need to supplement in order to avoid calcium deficiency according to the NIH. However, some groups are at a higher risk and should closely monitor their calcium intake and consider whether they need to take a supplement. These include:

Postmenopausal Women

Women who have gone through menopause absorb calcium less effectively. “Postmenopausal women are at greatest risk for calcium deficiency due to the acceleration of bone breakdown after 30 and the decrease in estrogen levels after menopause,” Rissetto says.
A study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that the decrease in the ability to absorb calcium begins at menopause and continues with age, so older women should be on the lookout for signs and symptoms of calcium deficiency.

Vegetarians and Vegans

People who eat a plant-based diet are at increased risk because they do not eat dairy, which is the main source of calcium in most people’s diets. These people should take care to eat foods that fit with their lifestyle and are rich in calcium.

Amenorrheic Women

Women who do not get a regular period are more at risk for calcium deficiency. One cause of amenorrhea (not getting a period) is insufficient diet, and women who are not eating enough are more likely to experience calcium deficiency. Women should work with the doctors to find and treat the underlying cause of their amenorrhea to ensure they are getting enough of the essential vitamins, minerals, and nutrients their bodies need.

Pregnant Women

Pregnant women need to get enough calcium to support their bone health and that of their growing baby. “The fetus requires its bony structure to be made of calcium, which it takes from the mother,” Hall explains. That can leave mothers at a greater risk for calcium deficiency.

What foods can help me avoid calcium deficiency?

Calcium is most readily associated with dairy, but there are plenty of other foods that are rich in calcium, including vegetarian and vegan options.
“Americans [typically] get adequate calcium in their diets, because calcium is found abundantly in leafy greens, seeds, sardines, beans and lentils, cheeses, and almonds,” Hall says.  
The National Osteoporosis Foundation maintains a list of calcium-rich foods. Incorporating these foods into each meals can help you avoid calcium deficiency.

  • Milk: One cup of milk contains about 300 milligrams of calcium, making this a great source of the mineral.
  • Collard Greens: Although most people think of dairy when they think about calcium, a cup of collard greens packs 360 milligrams of calcium, more than a similarly sized serving of dairy. This and other dark, leafy vegetables are great sources of calcium for vegetarians and vegans who want to avoid calcium deficiency.
  • Fortified Beverages: Many beverages including almond milk and orange juice have calcium added. A cup of these drinks can give you 300 milligrams of calcium, the same amount as a glass of milk.

Beans, lentils and broccoli are also great non-dairy calcium sources, Rissetto says.

What other conditions are associated with calcium deficiency?

Since calcium affects many of your bodily functions, calcium deficiency is associated with medical conditions that can be caused or made worse by not getting enough calcium in your diet. These include:

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis occurs when the body loses too much bone, or makes too little, according to the National Osteoporosis Foundation. Over time the bones develop a porous or honeycomb structure, and can break quite easily. The condition is very common in older adults, affecting half of women over 50 and a quarter of men over 50.
Since calcium is important to strong bones, it can help prevent osteoporosis by keeping bones from weakening. Scientific studies like this one published in the journal Public Health Nutrition have concluded that getting the recommended dose of calcium (and vitamin D) is a safe and effective way to gain some protection against osteoporosis. However, since there are many diseases and conditions (including hormonal changes) that can contribute to osteoporosis, avoiding calcium deficiency does not guarantee that you will not get the disease.  

Hypocalcemia

Hypocalcemia occurs when there is a calcium deficiency in the blood. The symptoms of hypocalcemia include muscle cramps or spasms, tingling in the fingers or toes, irritability, and mood changes.
Although hypocalcemia is characterized by a calcium deficiency, it is most often caused by an underlying thyroid condition in which the thyroid does not produce enough of a hormone that helps to regulate calcium levels. The development of hypocalcemia is most often associated with thyroid surgery and autoimmune disease. However, since the condition causes calcium deficiency, treatment includes supplementing with calcium and vitamin D.

Neonatal Hypocalcemia

Neonatal hypocalcemia occurs when infants experience a calcium deficiency during the first week of life. A baby with calcium deficiency might have trouble feeding, be jittery, or have seizures. Babies who are born premature, have a low birth weight, or whose mothers had diabetes during pregnancy are most at risk for this form of calcium deficiency.  Luckily, the condition is easily treated by giving babies a calcium supplement.
If you’re eating a well-balanced diet, even if it is vegetarian or vegan, you are likely getting enough calcium. However, calcium deficiency can be a serious condition that affects your health and quality of life, and it can exacerbate certain serious health conditions, meaning it’s important for women of all ages to know the signs and symptoms of deficiency.

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Healthy Pregnancy Motherhood

Tilted Uterus: What It Is, What Causes It, And How It Affects Women

These days, women have more information than ever when it comes to their reproductive health.
Women’s health is (finally!) being taken seriously by the medical community and thanks to technological advancements that allow us to better understand our bodies, modern women have more understanding about their reproductive health systems than women of any other generation. All that knowledge is empowering, but it also means that more women are finding out that they have anatomical differences, like a tilted or reverted uterus.
When it comes to reproductive health, emotions run high, so hearing that you have a tilted uterus can be scary. Is something wrong with you? Could this affect your chances of getting pregnant and delivering a healthy baby? Although most of us probably don’t give too much thought to our uteruses in day-to-day life, it’s still important to know that your reproductive system is healthy, and that it will be ready if you decide you want to have children.
Luckily, having a tilted uterus is usually just another variable when it comes to the ways our bodies are all made a little differently. Usually it’s nothing to be alarmed about.
However, there are some instances in which having a tilted uterus can indicate an underlying health concern, or can lead to trouble getting pregnant.
HealthyWay talked to women’s health and fertility specialists to answer all of the most common questions about having a tilted uterus. Here’s what you should know about having a tilted uterus, and how this condition affects conception, pregnancy, and delivery.

What is a tilted uterus?

Most people, including medical professionals, use the term “tilted uterus” to mean a uterus that points toward a woman’s back. This is also known as a retroverted uterus.
Many women are born with a uterus that is straight up and down within the abdomen, which is considered standard positioning. However, many woman have a uterus that tilts after the cervix, the opening to the uterus. The most common type of tilt is a uterus that leans slightly to the front, known as an anteverted uterus. A retroverted uterus—usually referred to simply as a tilted uterus—is the opposite of that.
Bat-Sheva L. Maslow, MD, a reproductive endocrinologist at Extend Fertility in New York City, says that having a tilted uterus is just another variation of normal, similar to being left-handed.
“While less common, having a retroverted uterus is not abnormal,” she says. In fact, about one in five women around the world have a tilted uterus.

Why do I have a tilted uterus?

If you’ve been told that you have a tilted uterus, you’re probably wondering how a tilted uterus develops. In most cases, this is just the way you were born.
“This condition can be the way some women are built; it is perfectly natural,” says Joshua M. Hurwitz, an OB-GYN and board-certified reproductive endocrinologist and infertility specialist at Reproductive Medicine Associates of Connecticut.
However, in some cases there are physical changes within the body that cause a tilted uterus. The most common is from scar tissue caused by endometriosis or fibroids. This scar tissue can weigh the uterus down, or pull in toward the back, resulting in a retroverted uterus. These conditions can also create scar tissue in the abdomen, which can then push the uterus backward. Women who have a tilted uterus accompanied by pain should talk to their doctors about whether they have any other signs of endometriosis, a condition in which the lining of the uterus grows outside the womb.
Other women might develop a tilted uterus after pregnancy. That’s because the ligaments that hold the uterus in place stretch and loosen during pregnancy, so after delivery the uterus can settle in a new position, resulting in a retroverted uterus. Menopause can cause this as well since the ligaments holding the uterus relax as estrogen drops, allowing the uterus to slip into a tilted position.
Because these conditions are all beyond your control, there is no way for a woman to prevent developing a tilted uterus.

What are the signs I might have a tilted uterus?

A woman with a tilted uterus will most often not have any signs or symptoms according to Phil Chenette, MD, a board-certified specialist in reproductive endocrinology and infertility with Pacific Fertility Center in San Francisco.
“Most women with a tilted uterus never know until it is found on pelvic exam or a pelvic ultrasound exam,” he says. Although it’s easy for a doctor to diagnose the condition during a routine exam or ultrasound, the women who have the condition usually have no signs, so a retroverted uterus usually goes unnoticed.
However, some women who have a tilted uterus will experience symptoms. A woman with a tilted uterus might experience menstrual cramps as pain that is located more toward her back than her abdomen, Maslow says. Additionally, some women who have a tilted uterus will experience more severe pain with menstruation—although that’s usually because of another underlying health issue like endometriosis (more on that in a moment).
A woman who has a tilted uterus might also experience pain during intercourse or while using tampons if her tilt is severe, Maslow explains. That’s because in some cases the uterus can tilt so severely that it puts pressure on the vagina. However, Maslow underscores that these symptoms are rare.
“The vast majority of women with retroverted uteri will experience no symptoms and not know they even have one unless a doctor has told them,” she says.

Is is harder to get pregnant with a tilted uterus?

Many women who hear that they have a retroverted uterus worry that having a tilted uterus will affect conception. The good news is that most of the time a woman with a tilted uterus will not have have a more difficult time getting pregnant that anyone else.
“As a fertility specialist, I do not believe there is any connection at all between a tilted uterus and infertility,” says Hurwitz. “Only in those exceptional cases where scar tissue from endometriosis or surgeries has caused this uterus to be mechanically displaced is there a tie-in to fertility problems.”
Chenette says that when a uterus is severely tilted it can lead to trouble conceiving. Some women have an acute retroversion, where the cervix has a tilt that is between 90 and 180 degrees, he says. Women with a more severe tilt and a sharper curve in their uterus are more likely to have trouble conceiving.
“Some women have a sharp hockey stick kind of curve and some have a slow gradual rounded curve,” Chenette says.
Having a significant tilt can prevent sperm from reaching the egg in women with a tilted uterus, thus making it more difficult to get pregnant.
“Since traversing those angles as a sperm cell can be challenging, women with a significant tilt can experience longer times to conception,” Chenette says.
If a woman with a tilted uterus is having trouble getting pregnant and all other infertility causes have been ruled out, a doctor might recommend intrauterine insemination or in vitro fertilization. During intrauterine insemination, a doctor places sperm in the main body of the uterus using a catheter. This way, sperm do not need to navigate the bend of a tilted uterus, and more of them are likely to reach the egg, increasing the chances of conception. During in vitro fertilization, an embryo (a fertilized egg) is placed in the uterus above the tilted portion. If this embryo successfully implants, the patient will become pregnant.
Although both procedures are highly effective even when a patient has a tilted uterus, Chenette says that assisted reproduction is a bit more complicated for a woman who has a tilted uterus.
“It takes an experienced doctor to perform insemination or embryo transfer in these patients,” he says. “The same cervical curve that produces the original problem can make insemination or embryo transfer challenging.”
However, usually a woman with a tilted uterus can become pregnant, even if she requires assistance.
“Careful ultrasound guidance and an experienced hand almost always solves this problem,” Chenette says.

How does a tilted uterus affect pregnancy and birth?

Although a tilted uterus can make conception tricky in some cases, it should not affect pregnancy at all.
“Once a woman conceives, which most do, the pregnancy proceeds normally,” Chenette says.
During pregnancy, the uterus expands rapidly. It starts off at about the size of an orange, and grows to the size of a grapefruit by the 12th week according to the American Pregnancy Association. By week 20 (halfway through pregnancy) the uterus usually reaches a woman’s belly button, and by full term the uterus is the size of a watermelon, stretching to the bottom of a woman’s rib cage. All of that growth works to correct the position of a tilted uterus.
“As the uterus grows with a pregnancy, it comes out of the pelvis and ‘unfolds,’” Maslow says. “By the time the baby is large enough for the mom to feel its movements, the uterus is typically out of the pelvis and you really no longer see much of a difference between those that are folded forwards or backwards.”
Whether or not the mother-to-be had a tilted uterus before pregnancy will not affect her during delivery, Maslow says.
“By the time the baby is term, there is no distinction between the way the uterus had been folded and as far as I know there isn’t any data to support that having a retroverted uterus has any impact on delivery outcomes,” she says.

How can a tilted uterus affect your sex life?

Sometimes a woman with a tilted uterus will experience pain during penetrative sex, if her tilt is severe enough that it is putting pressure on her vagina. Pain during sex is most commonly experienced by women who have endometriosis in addition to tilted uteri, so if you experience this, be sure to mention it to your doctor so you can discuss any other signs of symptoms you have that might be associated with endometriosis, Chenette says.
Most often there is a simple solution to pain experienced during intercourse, he adds.
“Sometimes a change in position is enough to relieve the discomfort,” he says.

What are the treatments for a tilted uterus?

Because a woman with a tilted uterus usually has no symptoms, there is often no need to correct the condition.
“The condition is not worrisome or dangerous at all and there is nothing to do about it or treat,” Hurwitz says.
However, if your tilted uterus is causing you pain either during sexual activity or during your period, your doctor will likely be able to recommend some treatments. One correction that you can try at home is doing a knee-to-chest exercise, according to Hurwitz. To try to reposition your tilted uterus using this exercise, lie on your back on the floor. Raise your right knee to your chest, holding for 15 to 30 seconds. Then, return that foot to the foot and draw your left knee up toward your chest. Do ten repetitions per side, three times each day. Even when knee-to-chest exercises aren’t enough to correct a tilted uterus, they can help with back pain that women with a severely tilted uterus can experience, Hurwitz says.
For women who have lots of pain that is caused by or made worse by a tilted uterus, doctors may recommend surgery to reposition the uterus. This is very rare, and usually only done when a woman has a tilted uterus that is associated with endometriosis, Hurwitz says.
Living a healthy lifestyle can help reduce pelvic pain, including the pain associated with a tilted uterus, Chenette says.
“Stress reduction and mindfulness techniques, as well as reducing alcohol and [improving] nutrition, can reduce some of the symptoms of pelvic pain,” he says.

So should you be worried about having a tilted uterus?

Unless you are having severe associated symptoms, having a tilted uterus isn’t anything to stress over.
“It is important to remember that a uterus can point in any direction: up, down, to either side, and even be rotated,” Hurwitz says. “This does not mean there is a medical, fertility, or pregnancy problem at all.”
In fact, the toughest part about having a tilted uterus is often finding out that you have the condition.
“I think the worst part for a woman hearing that she has a ‘tilted uterus’ is the anxiety and worry that the label places on her anatomy, which really does not have any negative effect anyway,” Hurwitz says.
Today it’s totally normal to hop online and research any new medical condition, but going down that rabbit hole can be scary. The experts who spoke with HealthyWay all emphasized that for most women having a tilted uterus is nothing to worry about.

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Health x Body Wellbeing

It's Time To Get Honest About Eating Disorders (Here's How To Do It)

Eating disorders are common—shockingly so. Whether you’ve noticed a change in a loved one’s eating patterns or body shape or you’ve developed some concerning patterns in your own relationship with food, it can be hard to know how to handle the situation. Despite the fact that at least 30 million Americans suffer from an eating disorder, we’re not well equipped to talk about it.
Whether you want to offer help to a family member or friend or ask for help yourself, having an open, honest conversation about eating disorders can be an incredibly delicate situation. Talking honestly about bodies (and their connection to weight and food) is difficult for many men and women. Because of this, it’s hard to find the right words to talk about what’s going on. If you’re trying to offer help, you might worry about offending your loved one or overstepping your bounds. If you need help yourself, you might be afraid of judgement, even from those who love you desperately.
That being said, having tough conversations can save lives. Talking openly about eating disorders has been shown to help people connect with treatment and give them the courage to seek professional help.
The theme of the National Eating Disorders Association’s 2018 awareness week was “Let’s Get Real.” Part of that means having the difficult conversations we would rather shy away from. Here’s how to get started:

How to Offer Help

Watching a friend struggle with an eating disorder can leave you feeling helpless. Even when you feel ready to voice your concerns, it’s often difficult to know where to begin. The National Eating Disorders Association recommends doing your research first so that you understand a bit more about eating disorders. Once you’re armed with information, rehearse what you want to say to your loved one. Then find a calm, private time and space to have the conversation.
Once you’re talking, use “I” statements so that your loved one doesn’t feel attacked or blamed. A good approach is to say “I am worried about you because…” and then list a few facts (like, “I have noticed you’re eating a lot less at meals,” or “I have seen lots of wrappers in the trash, and I’m concerned you may be binging”). Focusing on the facts and presenting them from your perspective will make the conversation feel less threatening; the hope is that they’ll be more receptive to hearing what you have to say when it’s not framed as a judgment or accusation.
It’s important to let your friend know that you’re there to support them. But support isn’t simple. Avoid giving basic solutions like, “You just need to eat more.” This can make your loved one feel like you don’t understand the complexity of their experience (because it’s so much more than “just eat more”).
For people with eating disorders, changing behaviors is central to recovery but it’s no easy feat, and it’s just one part of effective treatment. Because of this, it’s also a good idea to encourage your loved one to get professional help and to talk about your concerns with another trusted person who can provide additional support for your loved one.

Asking for Help

Asking for help with an eating disorder is even scarier than trying to help a friend. After all, admitting that you have a problem can be terrifying, and making yourself vulnerable in front of friends and family is daunting. However, ultimately reaching out is a great way to get support.
Before talking, consider what you hope to get from your friend or loved one. Are you looking for their support and guidance, or do you want them to just hear your experience? Once you know what your motivation is for sharing, let that guide the conversation. Eating Disorder Hope has a great guide to having this talk in the way that is most comfortable for you.
Knowing whether you (or your loved one) has slipped into disordered eating can be tricky since the process is gradual for many people. This screening tool created by the National Eating Disorders Association can help you know whether you have a problem. Consider taking it yourself or having your loved one take it to get an initial unbiased read on your habits or intuition.
Remember, eating disorders are nothing to be ashamed of. They are medical conditions that require professional treatment. With the right support and intervention, living in recovery is possible; talking about it is the first step to getting there.

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Gym x Studio Sweat

Why I Stopped Getting Judgy In The Gym

I had just completed my first step class in quite some time when an unfamiliar but friendly face approached me.
“Congrats!” she said cheerily. “It’s so exciting to be starting a new healthy lifestyle.”
The thing was, I wasn’t starting anything.
I had been coming to this particular gym for more than a year; I’ve been exercising regularly since high school. I frequently attended other fitness classes, worked with a personal trainer, and kicked my own butt on the days those other options weren’t available. The only thing I was getting started with was trying to overcome my lack of coordination and rhythm—hence, the addition of step class.
All this flashed through my mind as I looked at the sweet face in front of me. I knew this person hadn’t meant to be offensive, but there was only one explanation in my mind: She had looked at my size-16 frame and assumed that I didn’t have an ongoing, long-term fitness routine.
Despite being annoyed about being on the receiving end of that woman’s comment, I’m guilty of doing the same thing myself. Judgment in the gym is everywhere. People who are plus sized might be the most self-conscious about walking into the weight room, but the truth is that those judgy feelings can flow in every direction.
Ideally, we would all just focus on ourselves at the gym. But whether you’re jogging on the treadmill, taking a class, or lifting weights, there is always time for people watching. Your body is occupied, but your mind (and eyes) are free to wander, thinking about those around you. When we’re at the gym, we make snap judgments about nearly everyone: the older woman working out in a crop top, the buff men grunting loudly, and even the star of step class, adding her own moves to the routine. (What a showoff!)
Sometimes even I forget that the people around me in the gym have absolutely zero bearing on my reasons for being there. If people are carving out the time in their busy schedules to get to the gym, they’re choosing to prioritize their physical and mental wellness. Instead of undermining that positive move with judgmental thoughts, I’ve been trying to connect with the fact that everyone in the gym—no matter what they look like, how they move, or what they’re wearing—is there for the exact same reasons I am.  
Now, when I find myself noticing someone else, I try to practice empathy and put myself in their shoes. I find something positive to say about them in my head to take the place of any judgmental thoughts that pop up. If someone working out near me is clearly out of shape, I internally praise the bravery it may have taken for them to come in those doors. That woman making up her own moves in step class? At least she isn’t getting bored! The old man shuffling along the track or the college athlete loudly sprinting by him: What dedication from both of them to be here, prioritizing themselves.
I’ve found that focusing on positives—rather than judging my fellow gym-goers, which just makes me feel nasty—keeps my post-workout high going and keeps me in a great mindset for the rest of the day.

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More Than Mom Motherhood

How I Make Myself A Priority: Tips From A Busy Mom

Last summer, I was not in a good mental space. My business was going very well, which was wonderful, but that meant I was working more than ever. My husband had started a new high-stress job and was basically non-existent on the homefront; my daughter was being a full-force threenager, with all the boundary testing that entails. When a miscarriage added an additional heap of physical and emotional turmoil, I realized that in order to survive, I needed to start putting myself higher up on my priority list.
With everything seemingly in shambles, I revamped my existing routines and started new ones, changing my day to allow for more self-care and quiet time.
Most moms could benefit from putting more focus on self-care. Whether you are going through a particularly tough time like I was or you’re just feeling bogged down by the stress of motherhood, making time for yourself can leave you feeling happier and more balanced. If you’re preparing to start a new job or welcome a new baby, taking a bit of time for yourself can help you recharge to face the challenges of those changes with ease.
Fitting self-care in as a busy mom is challenging, but essential. Here’s what worked for me:

Learning to Let Go

Truth be told, I was always jealous of my husband’s ability to take care of his needs. Although I might feel frustrated when he was reading or playing games without noticing the mess around him, I also wished that I could do the same, going for a walk when I needed some alone time or taking time for a hobby even when there were dishes to be done.
Last summer, I started doing just that, taking a page out of his playbook. Now when I want (or need) to relax for a minute, I don’t ask myself whether the dishes are done, the floor is swept, or the bills are paid. I just take care of me. All that other stuff can wait. This might mean waking up to dirty dishes or having laundry sit in baskets for a while, but taking away the self-imposed pressure to always be productive has cleared lots of mental space.

Getting Physical

I always feel better when I’m working out regularly, and even if this isn’t the case for you, exercise has proven benefits. If you hate the gym, find a fun movement routine that works for you, like gentle yoga at home or even a dance class. Rather than squeezing in my workout around client calls and childcare obligations, I now make it an integral part of my day that is booked right into my calendar.
Most days I go to the gym before taking my daughter to school (she protests, but tough luck, kid). If I can’t go early, I work out after school drop-off, even if that means getting a slightly later start to the work day. The key is figuring out what time will work for your schedule and making fitness a priority.

Choosing Indulgences

Everyone has an activity that can instantly make them feel more relaxed and centered. For me, that is a hot bath. I would hate to reveal what I spend on bath bombs and wood-wick candles, but the truth is that those expenses are investments in my mental health. Most nights I end my day with a long, hot, relaxing bath where I don’t worry about anyone or anything beyond that locked bathroom door, and that is priceless.

Knowing My Limits

Most women tend to spread themselves thin, taking from their own reserves to care for friends and family members. Although it’s still a work in progress, I’ve learned to recognize my limits and say no more often. Whether that means doing fewer extracurriculars with my daughter, declining a work project, or RSVPing no to a social engagement, I now weigh how much time and emotional work is required for an activity before I say yes.
Self-care can sound like a buzzword, but until you’re doing it, it’s hard to understand how life-changing it can be.
In the past nine months I’ve seen real changes: I’m more patient with my daughter and less likely to bicker with my husband. I have more energy and motivation to tackle challenging projects at work and at home. All of that, I believe, has come from finally giving myself permission to make time for me.

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Health x Body Wellbeing

Asked And Answered: Here's What You Need To Know About Breast Implants

When it comes to appearance, there’s no doubt that Americans are a bit obsessed with breasts. Breasts are a symbol of femininity, and if you’re not happy with yours it can really knock your self-confidence, no matter how much you believe you should love your body as it comes.  
Although there is no doubt that beauty comes in every shape and (cup) size, we also live in a time when women are empowered to make whatever choices about their bodies are best for them—including whether to get breast implants.
You might be curious about breast implants for a number of reasons: Maybe you were never happy with your breasts. Perhaps you lost one or both due to cancer. Transgender women often find that breast implants help their external appearance match what’s in their hearts and minds. Others opt for breast implants to balance out uneven breasts.
In short, there are a variety of reasons—from health to personal preference—that women decide to get breast implants, and ultimately, no matter the reason, there should be no shame in considering changing your body if you believe it will make you happier.
No matter the reason you’re looking into breast implants, it can be hard to find reliable information that is backed by science. Reality TV and Hollywood stereotypes paint a certain picture about women who go under the knife, but the truth is that breast augmentation is the most common form of plastic surgery: In 2016 the surgery was performed 290,000 times in America, according to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. That was an increase of 4 percent from the year before.
Whether you’re preparing for your upcoming breast augmentation or just beginning to consider getting breast implants, we want you armed with all the knowledge you need. HealthyWay took the most common questions about boob jobs to the doctors who perform them every day.
Here are your breast implant questions, asked and answered.

Q: What are the different types of breast implants, and how do I choose which is best for me?

A: All breast implants have an exterior made from silicone. It’s what’s inside that makes them different. Breast implants are either prefilled with a silicone gel, or they are filled with a saline solution once they are inserted.
Each has advantages and disadvantages. Saline breast implants are slightly less expensive, and since they can be filled once they’re inserted, doctors are able to insert them through a smaller incision, says Scott Newman, MD, a plastic surgeon based in New York City. However, because saline breast implants need to be filled, the implants have valves on them, “which makes the product less reliable,” he says.
Silicone breast implants, on the other hand, are prefilled. They generally require a slightly larger incision to be inserted into the breast tissue. However, because silicone gel comes in varying thicknesses, the person receiving the implant has more control over what the breasts will feel like. Which brings us to…

Q: Will my breast implants feel (and look) real?

A: There are a lot of stereotypes about what breast implants feel and look like post-surgery. Many women worry their new breasts will be too big or too hard. However, it’s entirely possible to work with your doctor to get breast implants that look and feel natural. Here are a few things to consider:

Your breasts will feel different depending on what type of breast implants you choose.

“Saline implants often feel different than natural breast tissue and that’s the main advantage to silicone implants: they feel more natural and believable,” Newman says.

Saline breast implants are also more likely to be seen or felt through the skin.

This is an effect known as rippling, says Dana Goldberg, MD, a Florida-based board-certified plastic surgeon. That said, advancements in silicone technology have made silicone breast implants less likely to experience rippling.
“Silicone implants have been modified several times since their invention,” she says. “Current implants have what is known as generation five gel, also called gummy bear gel. This gel tends to settle less over time, which can help maintain more fullness in the upper breast and minimize rippling.”

To get the results you want, do your research and talk with your doctor ahead of time.

Goldberg says most patients want natural-looking results, with breasts that are proportional to the rest of their figure. Your doctor can walk you through the sizes and shapes of breast implants to help you decide what will suit your body best.
“Most women in the U.S. choose implants with a smooth, round silicone shell … but there are also textured implants and anatomic-shaped implants,” she notes. According to a Simply Breasts resource, anatomical implants are more of a teardrop shape that mimics the fullness at the bottom of a natural breast and avoids the noticeable protrusion at the top of round implants.
Doctors may encourage women who opt for anatomical implants to choose ones with a textured surface, which promotes healing and prevents the implants from rotating in the surgical pocket.

Q: How much do breast implants cost? And will insurance cover breast implant surgery?

A: As with many medical procedures, the cost for breast implants varies widely depending on where the procedure is done and individual factors around your needs as a patient. In 2016, the average cost of breast implant surgery was $3,719, according to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Note that you may need to pay additional costs for hospital fees and anesthesia.
Insurance does not typically cover breast augmentation (although if you’re having reconstruction the answer may be different). It’s important to note that not only does insurance not cover the procedure, but most plans won’t cover costs due to complications from the surgery. Additionally, some plans do not cover costs associated with the treatment of breast disease—including breast cancer—in individuals with implants. Because of this, it’s important to thoroughly review your insurance plan to understand what effect breast implants may have on future coverage.
It’s also worth noting that it’s fairly expensive to get breast implants removed, and that surgery typically is not covered by insurance either. In 2016, the average cost for breast implant removal was $2,506.

Q: What is the breast implant surgery like?

A: Going under the knife isn’t for the faint of heart, which keeps many people from getting breast implants. So, what’s the surgery like? The good news is that it’s relatively easy, as surgeries go. The bad news is that any surgical procedure carries risks.
In general, breast implant surgery is done at an outpatient facility and takes between one and two hours, although it can be longer in more complex cases or for people having a reconstruction. The surgery can be done under general anesthesia or under deep sedation, so you and your doctor will work together to decide which option is best in your case.
Once you are under anesthesia, the surgery begins. An incision is made around the areola or near the fold on the underside of the breast. (Saline breast implants can even be inserted through a small incision in the belly button, Goldberg notes.) Next the implant is put in place, and finally the incision is closed up.
Of course, that’s a fairly basic overview of the breast implant surgery. “The specifics of the surgery are very individualized,” Newman says. If you are seriously considering breast implants, it’s best to talk to a surgeon who can discuss what the surgery would be like for you given your unique anatomy and medical history.

Q: How bad is the recovery?

A: The worst thing about breast implant surgery isn’t usually the actual procedure, but the recovery. However, most patients experience a fairly easy recovery from breast augmentations.  
“In typical cases where implants are placed under the chest muscle, most of my patients will return to work by the second or third day,” Newman says. “Most patients will take pain medicine for the first day. By the second day discomfort is typically present, but normal routines can be resumed.”
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Of course, it will take you a bit longer to get back to the gym, but your day-to-day routine shouldn’t be interrupted for too long.
Many patients also experience some tightness and pressure in their chests as they adjust to the implants.
“I tell women who have children that the discomfort after surgery feels a lot like engorgement from [linkbuilder id=”6085″ text=”breast milk”] coming in,” Goldberg says. “For women who haven’t had children, it feels like you did way too many pushups.”
Speaking of milk….

Q: Will I be able to breastfeed with breast implants?

A: It depends. Of course, not all women are able to breastfeed under normal circumstances anyway, but previous breast implant surgery can add a complicating factor. However, getting breast implants shouldn’t interfere too much with your ability to lactate.
“Not all women are able to breastfeed, so no surgeon can promise a patient she will be able to breastfeed after surgery,” Goldberg says. “That said, most patients will be able to breastfeed. A small implant placed through an incision in the breast fold gives the best chance of being able to breastfeed since the breast ducts to the nipple are not cut during surgery.”
If you have a strong desire to breastfeed and are not yet done having children, talk to your doctor about what surgical options will be best for you.

Q: Will I have the same level of feeling and sensation after getting breast implants?

A: For many women, breasts and nipples are important erogenous zones, so many patients want to make sure that they will not lose sensation if they get breast implants. While you might lose sensation immediately after surgery, it’s likely that normal sensation will return, the pros say.
“In my practice it’s rare for a patient to lose nipple sensation, although it’s common to see a loss (or change) in sensation temporarily,” Newman says. This is most common in patients who have the breast implant inserted through their nipple or areola.
Goldberg says that in her experience most patients regain full sensation within six to 12 months. However, if preserving sensation is a priority for you, make sure that your doctor knows that and can make plans accordingly.
“Since the main nerve to the nipple comes from the side of the rib cage, implants that are wider than the natural breast have a much higher chance of affecting sensation,” Goldberg says.  

Q: Do breast implants really need to be replaced every few years?

A: “If you only want to have one surgery in your life, then implants are not for you,” Goldberg says.
Right now, it’s recommended that most breast implants be replaced every 10 years. However, Newman says he expects this to change as technology around implants continues to improve.
“As additional data is collected I do expect that this timeframe will eventually be lengthened,” he says. “Implant companies currently offer 10-year warranties for some implants.”

Q: What’s the difference between breast implants and a breast lift?

A: Breast implants involve putting additional material into the body, while breast lifts involve reshaping the tissue that you have naturally. Adam Schaffner, MD, a board-certified plastic surgeon and the director of the Plastic Surgery Institute of New York, explains:
“A breast augmentation (placing breast implants) increases the size and upper pole fullness of the breast,” he says. “A breast lift raises the position of the nipple-areolar complex and the breast tissue. They may be performed at different times or during the same operation.”
Sometimes getting breast implants can naturally lift your breasts, Newman adds.
“Breast augmentation alone does tighten the breast, so there are cases where the breast can be lifted just from inserting an implant,” Newman says. “There are times that I have been able to give a patient the lift they want just by inserting an implant, but these cases need to be determined individually.”

Q: Are breast implants linked to cancer?

A: “There has never been a link found between breast implants and breast cancer, period,” Newman says. “The question more so is whether breast implants affect breast cancer detection and they absolutely do.”
Luckily, it’s usually a positive effect.
“In fact, there is some data to suggest that breast cancers are easier to find in breast augmentation patients, and when they are found, they’re typically found at an earlier stage,” he says.

Q: What else should I consider before getting breast implants?

A: Deciding whether to permanently change your body is a big decision that shouldn’t be made with only the physical considerations in mind. It’s important to think about how you’ll feel about your breasts and body after surgery, and not to expect your breast implants to automatically fix any body image issues you might have.
“It is important that patients have realistic expectations about results,” Newman says. “A good plastic surgeon will give a patient significant time and will understand a patient’s true motivation. Implants will simply change someone’s physical appearance and, while that often does result in increased self-confidence, it will not change underlying psychological concerns.”
Want more information on breast implants? Use this search tool from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons to help you find a board-certified plastic surgeon near you.

Categories
Health x Body Wellbeing

Yeast Infection Symptoms Every Woman Should Know

If there’s one thing most of us hate to talk about, it’s probably vaginal health. Sure you can dish with your girlfriends about politics, money, and sex, but when it comes to questioning disconcerting or uncomfortable symptoms in your genitals, most women clam right up.
It’s not hard to understand why. Talking about yeast infections symptoms, such as burning, itching, or discharge, just sounds unpleasant. Add to that the fact that yeast infection symptoms can be associated with stigmatized conditions like sexually transmitted diseases, and it gives you even more reason to keep quiet.
But keeping vaginal health a taboo subject doesn’t do anyone any good. As women we need to be aware of our vaginal health—and how to know when something is amiss. One of the most common vaginal issues is yeast infections, so knowing what to look for when it comes to yeast infection symptoms is very important.
About 75 percent of women will have a yeast infection during their lives, according to the Office on Women’s Health (OWH), part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. About half of women will have more than one. Because yeast infection symptoms are most common during the childbearing years—between puberty and menopause—chances are that you’re in the age group that is most affected.
Yeast infection symptoms can be tough to talk about, but knowing what to look for can help keep your entire system in optimal health. Here’s everything you need to know about yeast infection symptoms, including how to treat the infection and when it’s time to get professional medical help.

What are yeast infections?

Yeast infections occur when the body has too much of a fungus called candida, according to the OWH. This species of fungus is naturally found in the gut and genitals of most healthy people, but its growth is kept in check by bacteria and the natural acidity of the body. If either of those fall out of balance, however, candida can thrive, which leads to infection.
When we think about yeast infections, we most commonly think of vaginal yeast infections. Although these are the most common types of yeast infections, there are other types to be aware of. Men can experience yeast infections on their genitals as well. Yeast infection symptoms in men include itching in the genitals.
Infants also commonly experience yeast infection in their mouths, a condition that is known as thrush. With thrush, yeast infection symptoms manifest as small white dots and soreness in the infant’s mouth. Breastfeeding mothers can also experience thrush on their nipples, which is characterized by a burning sensation, especially when nursing.
“The pain is usually ongoing and doesn’t go away with improved positioning or attachment of the baby or in between feeds,” says Hannah Braye, a nutritional therapist and technical advisor at Protexin.
Yeast infections can also take root in the gut, on the skin, or in the mouths of adults, particularly older adults who use dentures. If you have a yeast infection in one area, you might want to keep a closer eye on other areas of your body, looking out for yeast infection symptoms.
“Oral and genital yeast infections are also a common indication that there may be yeast overgrowth in the gut,” Braye says.
Vaginal yeast infections occur when there is too much yeast in the vagina. This causes yeast infection symptoms, including an itching and burning sensation on the vulva, the exterior area around the vagina. The infection can also cause excess discharge.
Since vaginal yeast infections are most common and most concerning to many women, that’s what we’ll focus on. When we mention yeast infections, we’re referring to vaginal yeast infections from this point forward.

Why do I get yeast infections?

As we mentioned above, yeast infections are caused by an overgrowth of naturally occuring bacteria. But what allows that to happen?
Fungal growth in the body is kept in check by beneficial bacteria and environmental conditions. If either of those change, there can be a surge in fungus, like candida. One way this can happen is through use of antibiotics, which wipe out infection but also can deplete good bacteria that keep fungus like candida in check. If you’re on antibiotics, be sure to keep an eye out for yeast infection symptoms.
But antibiotics are just one of a host of reasons that your body’s natural system can be thrown out of whack.
“Levels of beneficial bacteria and the immune system can become depressed by a number of factors, including prolonged antibiotic use (the biggest risk factor), nutrient deficiencies from a poor diet, impaired liver function, decreased digestive secretions, smoking, alcohol, hidden food intolerances, oral contraceptives, and other medications and stress,” Braye says.
In short, there are many reasons that you can naturally develop a yeast infection.
However, it’s important to remember that yeast infections can also be passed through sex (although they’re not considered a sexually transmitted infection because there are other ways to get them). According to the OWH, about 15 percent of men will get a yeast infection if they have unprotected sex with a woman who has an infection. Between female partners the transmission rate is higher. If your partner has been diagnosed, be sure to keep a close lookout for yeast infection symptoms in yourself.

What are the symptoms of yeast infections?

Most often, yeast infection symptoms include burning, itching, and a cottage cheese–looking vaginal discharge, according to Mary Jane Minkin, an OB-GYN at Yale New Haven Hospital. Although the discharge is distinctive looking, it should not smell bad. Women might also experience pain while urinating or having sex and burning during intercourse.
Yeast infection symptoms can mirror the symptoms of many other conditions, so it can be tough to know whether you truly have a yeast infection, Minkin says.
“Women often think they have a yeast infection when they really have another type of vaginitis (vaginal infection),” says Minkin. “Also, women may have topical irritation from a bubble bath, soap, or laundry detergent which will present just like a yeast infection.”
If you think you have yeast infection symptoms, you can try using an over-the-counter cream to treat the infection, Minkin says. If it doesn’t improve fairly quickly, you’re probably dealing with another condition that is mirroring yeast infection symptoms.
For the fastest and most definitive answer to whether you have a yeast infection, visit your healthcare provider. In addition to looking at your vagina and vulva, a healthcare professional can take a swab of the area and examine the fungus under a microscope to determine whether it is in fact candida.

Yeast Infections During Pregnancy

Experiencing yeast infection symptoms during pregnancy can be frightening, especially as you’re navigating all the changes that pregnancy brings and worrying about the health of your unborn baby. Frustratingly, yeast infections are fairly common among pregnant women.
“Vaginal yeast infections are especially common during pregnancy because hormone changes can disrupt the pH balance of the vagina,” Braye says.
In most cases, having a yeast infection while pregnant will have no effect on your baby. However, as a precaution, it’s important to get treatment as soon as you begin seeing yeast infection symptoms, especially if you are close to delivery.
“If the infection is left untreated until the time of birth, there is an increased chance of the infant picking up the infection as it passes through the birth canal. This most commonly manifests in the infant as a yeast infection in the mouth or skin,” Braye says.
Minkin says it is perfectly okay to use an over-the-counter product like Monistat to treat yeast infection symptoms while pregnant. Vaginal creams or suppositories that contain miconazole or clotrimazole are safe during pregnancy, but you should not use the oral fluconazole tablet to treat a yeast infection during pregnancy, since it has been linked to birth defects.

What are recurring yeast infections?

If you’re experiencing yeast infection symptoms regularly, it’s time to talk to your healthcare provider to identify factors that could be the underlying cause.
“If women keep on getting yeast infections, I would encourage them to check in with their healthcare provider, because women can have recurrent yeast infections from diabetes or even HIV infections,” Minkin says. “So with recurrent infections, do check it out.”
There are a number of factors that can contribute to reoccuring yeast infections. According to the OWH, women who have diabetes, HIV or other immunocompromising diseases, or who are pregnant or taking hormonal birth control are more at risk. Taking antibiotics frequently can also increase your risk.
If you’re experiencing yeast infection symptoms regularly, work with your doctor to evaluate why that might be the case. 
“Reoccuring yeast infections typically occur when the root causes of the problem (including poor diet, bacterial imbalances, and lifestyle factors) aren’t addressed,” Braye says. “While medications can reduce levels of yeast in the short term, if the underlying causes persist, the yeast is likely to regrow, as the body’s defenses are still compromised. Addressing the underlying drivers of infections by making dietary changes, rectifying nutrient deficiencies, rebalancing the gut and genital microflora, and reducing stress levels etc. is therefore necessary for long-term resolution.”

Preventing Yeast Infections

Yeast thrives in warm, moist environments and feeds on sugar. Typically the candida fungus is kept in check because of vaginal acidity and the presence of bacteria. With these things in mind, there are certain steps you can take to prevent yeast infections and keep those unpleasant yeast infection symptoms from ruining your day, according to the OWH.
First, don’t douche. Doing so can disrupt the natural balance of your vagina, eliminating good bacteria and making the environment more alkaline instead of acidic. All of that can allow candida to flourish.
In addition, avoid using scented products around your vagina and vulva, including bubble baths, sprays, and scented tampons or pads. Reducing moisture can also help prevent yeast infections. Although the genitals are naturally moist, you should take care to change pads and tampons regularly, remove wet swimsuits quickly, and wear cotton underwear, all of which will help to increase airflow and reduce moisture.

Dietary Changes to Prevent Yeast Infections

What you eat can have an impact on how often you are seeing yeast infection symptoms. Since yeast thrives on sugar, people who eat lots of sugary foods or who have blood sugar that is not well controlled may experience yeast infection symptoms more regularly.
“Yeast love sugar, so make your yeast mad, and don’t give it to them,” Minkin says.
Yogurt, which contains healthy bacteria and other live cultures, is commonly thought to be beneficial for preventing yeast infection symptoms. Research has shown that women who regularly consume yogurt have less fungal growth in and around their vaginas. Specifically, women who eat yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria are up to three times less likely to experience yeast infections.

Medical Preventions and Treatments for Yeast Infections

If you have tried natural ways to prevent yeast infections but are still experiencing uncomfortable symptoms, it’s important to treat your infection. Some yeast infections will clear up on their own. But if your symptoms have stuck around for a while, you probably need to treat them, since a yeast infection can spread to other areas of the body
The most common treatment for yeast infections is over-the-counter fungal creams. These are applied topically to the affected area and help to normalize the growth of candida fungus. In addition to creams, there are also antifungal vaginal suppositories available without a prescription. Treatment with these options typically lasts about a week.
Doctors can also prescribe an oral dose of fluconazole or other antifungal medications. Generally this option is given when over-the-counter treatments do not work or when a woman is experiencing recurrent yeast infections. If you regularly experience yeast infection symptoms, your doctor may want you to take oral antifungal medications for up to six months. It’s important to remember, though, that oral antifungal medications are not generally safe to take during pregnancy.
Having a yeast infection certainly isn’t pleasant, but it’s a common experience and nothing to be embarrassed about. Most importantly, remember that it’s best to treat yeast infection symptoms as soon as you see them.