They may not be on your food radar yet, but pulses have been an important part of human agricultural and culinary history since beans and chickpeas were firstmentioned in Homer’s Iliad during the eighth century B.C. If pulses aren’t a regular part of your diet, you aren’t alone. Alarge percentage of the pulses grown in North America are used for livestock feed or are exported to other countries. But pulses are slowly making their way into average North American pantries thanks to an aggressive marketing campaign by the United Nations in 2016 (which they declared the International Year of Pulses) with the hopes of creating new interest in this versatile superfood. It appears that the pulse campaign was a massive success, as domestic consumption of pulses in the U.S. more thandoubled in 2016 and 2017 when compared to stats from 2015. This renewed interest in pulses is beneficial for our own health and for the health of the planet, so we’ve looked into some of the most commonly asked questions about pulses. Here’s why you should aim to make pulses part of your regular diet.
What are pulses?
The Global Pulse Confederation formally defines the term pulses as “crops harvested solely as dry grains, which differentiates them from other vegetable crops that are harvested while still green.” These dried crops include chickpeas, lentils, beans, and peas and are considered important staple ingredients in cuisines all over the world (especially inPakistan, India, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean). The difference between pulses and legumes lies in their specific classification: Pulses are a member of the legume family, but not all legumes are pulses. Soybeans and peanuts aretoo high in fat to be considered pulses, and fresh peas and beans are picked before they mature and dry out.
What are the nutritional benefits of pulses?
Protein
Pulses are an excellent source of plant-based protein (often containingtwo times the amount of protein found in whole grain cereals). As with almost all plant-based sources of protein, pulses are incomplete proteins, meaning they don’t provide all nine essential amino acids our bodies need to function. [pullquote align=”center”]“I don’t think people realize how amazing and versatile pulses are. Because of their high fiber content, they can help with maintaining a healthy weight, digestive system, cardiovascular health, and to control our blood sugar levels.” —Gabrielle Gott, certified holistic nutritionist[/pullquote] There is still thecommon misconception that plant-based sources of protein must be combined in specific ways to ensure all amino acids are consumed in one meal. (The myth of complementary proteins has long been debunked; as long as you’re eating a varied diet you should have no issues meeting all your amino acid requirements.)
Fiber
Pulses are an incredible plant-based source of fiber (both soluble and insoluble), and Gabrielle Gott, healthy food blogger and certified holistic nutritionist ateyecandypopper, is a huge fan of pulses for this reason. She says:
On top of being an excellent source of plant-based protein and fiber, I don’t think people realize how amazing and versatile pulses are. Because of their high fiber content, they can help with maintaining a healthy weight, digestive system, cardiovascular health, and to control our blood sugar levels.
Pulses are such a good source of fiber that a detailed analysis of fiber content in various dried chickpea, lentil, bean, and pea crops for the journalNutrients concluded that “pulse crop consumption should be emphasized in efforts to close the dietary fiber gap.” Fiber is beneficial to your health for many reasons, and a happy digestive system is just one perk of eating pulses regularly. A 2016 study published inThe American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that “the inclusion of dietary pulses in a diet may be a beneficial weight-loss strategy because it leads to a modest weight-loss effect even when diets are not intended to be calorically restricted.” Plant-based sources of fiber (including pulses) have also been associated with a lower risk ofcardiovascular disease, a reduction inLDL “bad” cholesterol, and loweredblood pressure. It’s important to note that for people who suffer from irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn’s disease, or ulcerative colitis, suddenly introducing pulses into your diet may causediarrhea and cramping. Talk to your doctor or a registered dietitian before making any significant dietary changes.
Other Nutritional Benefits of Pulses
Naturally cholesterol free and verylow in fat, pulses are also high in iron, a good source of folate and potassium, and gluten free. Pulses are also very low on theglycemic index; this means your body digests and metabolizes them at a slower speed, which results in a smaller change in blood sugar levels. (This is especially important to anyone who has diabetes.)
Types of Pulses
Beans
What we call beans are actually dried seeds from a flowering plant family called Fabaceae. If you think of beans in terms of simple baked beans or the non-meat part of chili, Gott wants to inspire you: “They can easily be added to soups, salads, and stews for added nutrition. They can be roasted with spices. They can be blended into hummus-like dips. They can be transformed into burgers or fritters. They can be hidden in brownies.” All beans are delicious, but which beans are best?
Navy beans
Navy beans contain the highest amount offiber when compared to all other beans. Despite their name, navy beans are mild tasting white beans that can be used in a salade Niçoise, mashed in with tuna for a high-fiber sandwich filling, stirred into vegetable soups, and piled high on toast with greens.
Kidney beans
Deep red in color, kidney beans are a popular addition to chili con carne and Italian soups. Kidney beans containphytohemagglutinin, a toxin that can cause potential stomach upset if the beans are undercooked or raw, so it’s important to make sure they’re fully cooked before serving. Use kidney beans for Tex-Mex dips, as a sweet potato topping, or the next time you make homemade sloppy Joes in place of all or half the ground beef.
Black beans (also known as black turtle beans)
Black beans are an especially good source ofphytonutrients, including powerful antioxidants and antiproliferative compounds (nutrients that help slow the growth of tumors). Use black beans as the base for vegan tacos, blend them into Cuban black bean soup, or try Gott’s recipe for healthyblack bean brownies.
Chickpeas
Chickpeas (also known as garbanzo beans) are the seeds of the plant family Faboideae and are widely used in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cuisines. Chickpeas are a hardy pulse and will hold their shape in soup, curried dishes, and salads. Chickpeas require longer cooking times than other pulses if they’re cooked from scratch, so use canned chickpeas if you’re short on time. Gott says, “I love to add sautéed chickpeas to my salads (usually just a quick roast in a pan with olive oil or coconut oil and some spices like paprika, turmeric, black pepper, cinnamon).” Puree chickpeas with tahini, olive oil, and garlic for a super simple riff on homemade hummus, roast them in your favorite spices, or try Gott’s recipes for healthychickpea fritters with warm vegetable salad androasted sweet potato, garlic, and chickpea salad with orange dill dressing.
Lentils
Lentils are small, lens-shaped pulses that can be used in a wide variety of recipes and are a staple of many global cuisines. Lentils are a particularly excellent source offolate and an important B vitamin used by our bodies to make DNA, and they have the highestinsoluble dietary fiber content of all pulses. The following types of lentils are easily found in most grocery and natural foods stores.
Green lentils
Green lentils are also known as Puy or French green lentils. (Puy lentils must come from Le Puy, France, and they hold a Protected Designation of Origin certification from the European Union.) Mildly peppery in flavor with mottled dark skins, green lentils hold their shape well and are best suited for salads, as a warm side dish, or in place of sturdy grains.
Red and yellow lentils
Red and yellow lentils cook relatively quickly, collapsing into a soft mush that’s perfect for soups, stews, and dips. Sweet and creamy once cooked, red and yellow lentils are well known for being the main ingredient in dal, a comforting Indian soup that can be scooped up with chapati or roti. To thicken soups, stews, and sauces, add a small handful of uncooked lentils and let them cook in the liquid until they’ve completely broken down (or try Gott’s warming recipe forThai sweet potato and red lentil soup).
Brown lentils
Brown lentils are a great pulse to have on hand for meals that are dependent on your leftover situation the day before your weekly shopping trip. With their gentle, earthy flavor and sturdy shape, brown lentils are the perfect backdrop for hearty salad ingredients and a serving of protein. For a quick-yet-tasty side dish, sauté cooked brown lentils in olive oil and your favorite spices and serve while still warm with a sprinkling of chopped fresh parsley.
Peas
Dried green peas come from regular green peas that have been allowed to dry out in their pods. The peas split when their casing is removed, and the peas continue to dry out. With their high protein and fibercontent, dried green peas are right at home in many Indian and Pakistani recipes, where they are used to thicken stews and soups. Combine warm, cooked dried peas with Greek yogurt, cumin, coriander, and a drizzle of olive oil for an easy, crowd-pleasing dip for pita bread or crudités.
A Note on Pulses and Flatulence
Pulses have a well-deserved reputation for causing flatulence (we’ve all heard the song) because they contain sugars that our bodies are unable to fully break down. Once these sugars arrive in the colon they begin to ferment, which leads to flatulence. There are many tricks of the trade when it comes to eating pulses and reducing the gas that follows, some more useful than others. To begin with, increase the amount of pulses you eatgradually; this will help your digestive system build up a tolerance. Soaking dried pulses before cooking and chewing slowly should also help clear up the gas situation. (It’s also important to remember that having a healthy amount of gas is a sign you’re on the right track in terms of the foods you’re eating.)
Buying and Storing Pulses
According toPulse Canada, the three most important characteristics to look for when buying pulses are brightly colored seeds, uniform size, and smooth skins without chips or shriveled seed coats. Pulses should be stored in covered containers in a cool, dark area away from any sources of direct or indirect heat (heat can cause pulses to become rancid). For freshest quality, buy pulses from online pulse catalogues or from Middle Eastern, Indian, or Mediterranean grocery stores whenever possible (or any other store with a high pulse turnover rate). Cook dried pulses within a year of purchasing, and use canned dried pulses before their expiration date. Cooked pulses can be portioned out into resealable containers or freezer bags and frozen for up to 6 months.
The Future of Food: Pulses and Environmental Stability
The world is full of people who need affordable, easy-to-grow, and nutrient-dense food. And if current global populationprojections are accurate, there will be far more people in the future with this exact need. [pullquote align=”center”]Pulses are essentially self-fertilizing thanks to their ability to absorb nitrogen from the air, which in turn eliminates the need to add traditional fertilizer.[/pullquote] Fortunately, pulses fulfill all of those requirements while also being beneficial to the environment in which they’re growing. Pulses are essentially self-fertilizing thanks to their ability to absorb nitrogen from the air, which in turn eliminates the need to add traditional fertilizer. This self-fertilization technique means that pulses usehalf the energy to grow as other crops. Pulses have a much lowerwater footprint than other sources of protein (both animal- and plant-based) and are able to thrive in low-quality soil. If you’d like to increase your fiber intake, up your plant-based protein options, lower your grocery bill, and help save the planet, a diet rich in pulses can assist you in achieving all of those goals. The examples mentioned in this article are just a starting point if you’re new to the world of pulses. Heirloom varietals are making their way to farmers markets near you and will continue to do so as long as there is interest from the general public.
It seems like every day there’s a new theory about the healthiest way to eat carbs. Some food philosophies shun them entirely, while others offer a prescription for the best carbohydrates to consume. The latest craze, carb cycling, takes a slightly different approach to this important macronutrient: Cutting back on carbohydrates some days and indulging in your favorite carb-laden foods at other times. Carb cycling is an approach that’s a lot more balanced than some diets, but it requires you to pay closer attention to how much you’re eating at certain times throughout the week or month. The payoff might be worth it: Followers of carb cycling say the diet helps them burn fat, lose weight, and hit fitness goals—all without giving up the foods they love. Wondering if carb cycling is the right eating plan for you? Read on to learn how carb cycling works, why it’s important to balance your carbohydrate intake with other macronutrients, and the best ways to get started.
What is carb cycling?
There are probably as many theories about effective carb intake as there are carbohydrate sources in the world. But when it comes to figuring out exactly what these diet plans entail, there seem to be conflicting definitions. So, let’s level set: What is carb cycling? “Carb cycling is basically eating higher amounts of carbohydrates on some days and lower carbohydrates other days,” explainsAmy Goodson, a registered dietitian and board-certified specialist in sports dietetics. “Many people use carb cycling to maximize their fitness, performance, weight loss, and body composition goals.” The concept of carb cycling is fairly easy to grasp: Days with heavy training should be fueled by higher amounts of carbohydrates, whereas you’re supposed to cut back on carbohydrate intake during periods of low physical activity. But things start to get less clear once you try to nail down the specifics. How many carbs should you be eating? And how do you decide when to alternate between high- and low-carb days?
[pullquote align=”center”]“Carb cycling can work if you do it very carefully, but most people should be working with a registered dietitian to dial in on what they need.”[/pullquote] Experts agree that the specifics of carb cycling will depend on your lifestyle and the goals you’re striving to achieve. Carb cycling has been traditionally used by professional athletes to help their bodies reach peak performance and appearance ahead of a competition. (So that’s how people drop that last bit of weight before stepping in front of the cameras and commentators!) It’s generally effective at helping people burn fat while maintaining their muscle mass and strength. How carb cycling fits into your exercise routine and eating habits will vary, but there are some guidelines you can use to start carb cycling. Celebrity fitness and nutrition expertJJ Virgin, author of The Sugar Impact Diet, makes the following recommendations for carbohydrate intake.
On High-Carb Days:
Eat 80 to 100 grams of clean, lean protein.
Eat 150 to 175 grams of slow, low carbs.
Eat 25 grams of healthy fats.
On Low-Carb Days:
Eat 80 to 100 grams of clean, lean protein.
Eat around 50 grams of slow, low carbs.
Eat 40 to 50 grams of healthy fats.
Even if you’re not actively training for a marathon or competing in a bikini in front of hundreds of people, carb cycling can still be a worthwhile approach to managing your weight and feeling well. The overall goal of this eating philosophy is to give your body the right amount of energy you need to power your days—whether you’re doing back-to-back HIIT classes or binge-watchingReal Housewives on a Sunday afternoon. (Hey, we don’t judge.)
Does carb cycling actually work?
The theory behind carb cycling makes total sense—you eat fewer energy-inducing foods when you’re at rest and more carbohydrates when you know you’ll be more physically active. But how exactly does carb cycling work? It has to do with the glycogen, or the storage of sugar from carbs used for energy, in the tissues of your body. “When you eat fewer carbs, your body turns to stored fat for fuel,” explains Virgin. “Decreasing your carb intake on low-carb days keeps your insulin levels low, which leads to fat burning. High insulin levels send the signal to your body to store fat and lock your fat-burning doors.” With that being said, scientific research on carb cycling diets is extremely limited, so results may vary. It’s always best to work with a health professional when starting a new diet to increase the chances of success and reduce potential dangers. “Carb cycling can work if you do it very carefully, but most people should be working with a registered dietitian to dial in on what they need. If you don’t eat enough carbs, you can experience fatigue and likely not get as much out of your workouts,” warns Goodson.
The Pros and Cons of Carb Cycling
No diet can be classified as completely “good” or “bad.” It all goes back to what works given our own individual circumstances. That being said, there are some clear upsides and downsides to carb cycling.
Pros of Carb Cycling
Carb cycling is accessible and convenient for most people. “One advantage of carb cycling is that it can be less restrictive than low-carb diet plans because it allows folks to consume a higher amount of healthy carbs on certain days,” says Virgin. Carb cycling is flexible, and you can adjust it based on whatever’s going on in your life at a given time. For example, if you have an active social life, you can make your busiest days less restrictive for carb intake. (Go ahead, enjoy those bar snacks at happy hour, sans guilt!) You don’t have to cut out your favorite foods. Is a big spaghetti dinner a Sunday tradition in your family? That can totally fit into your carb cycling meal plan.
Cons of Carb Cycling
You have to be disciplined when carb cycling. “It requires some planning and tracking of macronutrients [like healthy fats and protein intake], so it may not work for everyone,” says Virgin. This can be tricky for nutrition novices, and you might experience a learning curve. You might not feel great on low-carb days. “Many people experience fatigue, headaches, and a lack of energy,” says Goodson. You might not get enough nutrients. “If you take out lots of grains and fruits when carb cycling, you also take out lots of fiber and nutrients in the diet. While it may provoke a weight-loss response, it’s harder to maintain for most people in the long term,” warns Goodson.
Should you try carb cycling?
Carb cycling used to be reserved for bodybuilders and other high-performance athletes, but it’s since made its way into the mainstream. How do you know if carb cycling is right for you? First, consider your overall health. Carb cycling might not be a viable option for people with certain conditions, says Goodson. “People who have blood sugar issues, like diabetes or hypoglycemia, should definitely be working with a registered dietitian if pursuing a low-carb or carb cycling diet. If you have other health conditions, you should definitely talk to your doctor before considering,” she says. Also, combining carb cycling with other eating plans, like the ketogenic diet, might not be effective or healthy, even though it can get you through those low-carb days. “True keto diets mean you are in ketosis, which comes from eating next to no carbs and moderate protein. So if you are cycling in higher carb days, you really aren’t eating a keto diet and likely are not in ketosis,” explains Goodson.
Who will see the most benefits from carb cycling?
Overall, carb cycling tends to be a more accessible diet with ample opportunities to consume enough nutrients, but it works better for certain types of people.
[pullquote align=”center”]“Focus on slow, low carbs. Slow means they’re absorbed slowly, which helps with digestion and fat burning. Low means they’re low glycemic and don’t cause inflammation-inducing spikes in blood glucose or insulin.”[/pullquote] “The people who are most likely to have most success when carb cycling are athletes who participate in endurance training, high-intensity interval training, and weightlifting. Your body relies on glucose and glycogen from carbs for the majority of high-intensity exercise and for about 40 percent of light-moderate endurance exercise,” says Virgin, who recommends using carb cycling only as a short-term diet. A healthcare professional can help you evaluate whether you’re a good candidate for carb cycling.
Carb Cycling Tips for Beginners
So you’ve decided you want to give carb cycling a try. How do you get started? First, start figuring out what your carbohydrate intake will look like each week. Choose a day to go high-carb, and then set up a pattern of carb intake around that day. Here are some combinations that Virgin suggests trying.
If you’re new to carb cycling:
Low–High–High–Low–High–High
If you’re looking for faster results:
Low–Low–High–Low–Low–High Acarb cycling calculator can help give you more personalized recommendations about balancing macronutrients, but you should strive to eat what makes you feel your best. Finally, start building your carb cycling meal plan. In general, each meal should include some protein and fat and lots of whole foods. Choose your carbohydrates carefully, says Virgin. “Not all carbs are created equal,” she says. “Focus on slow, low carbs. Slow means they’re absorbed slowly, which helps with digestion and fat burning. Low means they’re low glycemic and don’t cause inflammation-inducing spikes in blood glucose or insulin.” Another added benefit of low carbs (such as oatmeal and lentils) is their fiber content, Virgin adds. “Fiber slows down stomach emptying and takes longer to move through our digestive tract, helping you feel full. In addition, fiber has a host of health benefits from helping you maintain healthy cholesterol levels and manage blood sugar levels to strengthening your gut microbiome and sparking weight loss.” Feeling overwhelmed? Don’t worry—there are tons of recipes and ideas out there you can use for inspiration. Alisha Temples, a licensed nutritionist atFueled & Fed Nutrition, has put together a carb cycling meal plan to help you get started:
Carb Cycling Meal Plan for a Low-Carb Day
Breakfast:
Eggs with avocado and salsa + a cup of coffee
Lunch:
Tuna salad + a side of green beans with almonds
Dinner:
Chicken breast + cauliflower rice + roasted broccoli
Chicken breast + a baked potato + asparagus Everyone has a slightly different approach to carb cycling. Take these guidelines and adjust them based on your body composition, activity level, and food preferences. And when in doubt, make an appointment with a registered dietitian or your doctor to make sure your whatever dietary approach you’re taking is the right one for you.
Hangry and wishing the right snack would just appear for your enjoyment (and the well-being of whatever co-workers, family members, or friends happen to be around when your blood sugar plummets)? Odds are there’s a vending machine, convenience store, or break room just around the corner where snacks are available. Unfortunately, if you’re adhering to a gluten-free or keto diet, those options probably aren’t something you’d be proud of nibbling on. Of course, depending on your nutritional needs, opting for whatever’s on the communal counter or in the Starbucks case could also pose a serious threat to your health. Luckily, regardless of why you’ve decided to eat gluten-free or keto-friendly, Amazon and Prime Pantry delivery mean these gluten-free and keto-friendly snacks are just one order and a few days away. Stash them at your desk, in the bottom of your purse, or in your little’s diaper bag to ensure you’ve got a snack that aligns with your personal food philosophy and dietary needs whenever hunger strikes.
Something Sweet
1. Treat yourself to something soft and chewy.
A perfectly wrapped caramel is like a little gift to yourself that can be enjoyed any time. You can’t go wrong with caramels when you’re in the mood for something sweet—unless you’re trying to limit your sugar intake, that is. Enter the keto caramel from Tom & Jenny’s.
Instead of sugar, these caramels get their sweetness from plant-derived maltitol and genetically modified organism (GMO)–free xylitol—a dentist-approved sweetener that can reduce the acidity of your mouth and help prevent cavities and tooth decay. What’s more: They have no artificial colors, preservatives, flavors, or gluten. It all makes sense, given that Jenny of Tom & Jenny’s is a dentist who believes “good health is the root of happiness.” She and Tom “aspire to create the most mouth-watering bites for people on sugar or carb-restricted diets” and their caramels are just one of many snacks they make with love in the U.S.A. Get them from Amazon for $5.99.
2. Take a break with a brownie you can make in a cup.
Nothing helps beat the afternoon slump like a sweet treat…and a little baking project. No need to pull out the stand mixer (or even an apron) for these No Sugar Aloud Dark Belgian Chocolate and Organic Peanut Butter Cup Brownies. In fact, you won’t even have to do the dishes after enjoying your creation.
According to the packaging, “All you need is water and love!” And considering that this gluten-free, keto brownie kit comes complete with microwavable muffin tins, you’re sure to win points at the office (or during after-school snack time) with these ooey-gooey, fiber-filled treats. They’re made with almond powder, Belgian cocoa, real butter, roasted peanuts, organic stevia, monk fruit extract, organic cocoa nibs, and sea salt, which’ll have you nodding in agreement with No Sugar Aloud chef Rodolfo Fernandes’ claim that life can be sweet without sugar. Get them from Amazon for $19.99.
3. Align with snack time.
No time to whip up a batch of brownies? Keep calm and get your sweet on with a Cherry Chakra Dosha Bar. This gluten-free, vegan, and organic option will have you feeling aligned with your dietary goals (and higher self) thanks to its organic seeds blend; unsweetened cherries, dates, plums, and apples; and a dash of sea salt.
Dosha Bar partners with carefully selected organic farming partners to source its ingredients and crafts its snacks with ancient Ayurvedic medicine in mind. Not sure if your cherry chakra needs opening? Their product lineup also includes Blueberry Balance and Apple Cran Awakening Dosha Bars. Get them from Amazon for $35.99.
4. Enjoy a taste of the tropics.
This high-protein, vegan snack bar is the getaway you need—without getting away from your healthy eating aspirations (or your desk, commute, or power walk). Quntu Organic Life’s products are made with 100 percent organic quinoa sourced in Ecuador, and in addition to quinoa, these bars feature whole oats, pineapple, and coconut.
While giving you 20 percent of your daily value of vitamin D (without any gluten, dairy, or artificial sweeteners), Quntu Quinoa Fruit Bars are a snack you can feel good about from a sustainability standpoint, too: Mikhuna Trade, Quntu’s parent company, actively invests in local growth and development and prioritizes improving the quality of life and income for its quinoa and amaranth farmers’ families. Get them from Amazon for $10.99.
5. Meet keto’s favorite cookie.
Fat snacks? To many, that sounds like an artery-clogging no-no, but for those who truly understand, appreciate, and adhere to a ketogenic diet, incorporating healthy fats on the regular is a big priority. Fat Snax gets it and offers a full lineup of fat-forward options, including the Lemony Lemon cookie, which comes in a satisfying two pack.
Just what makes these nibbles keto-friendly? Coconut and almond flour, grass-fed butter, organic palm fruit oil, and—to nail that Lemony Lemon flavor—real lemon zest and lemon oil. Get them from Amazon for $22.98.
6. Chocolate, chocolate everywhere (but no sugar, gluten, or dairy to worry about).
This indulgent vegan option comes from Go Raw, one of my favorite snack makers. A resealable zipper bag means you can take these Choco Crunch Cookies with you wherever. Enjoy a satisfying serving of healthy fats, dietary fiber, and protein thanks to these cookies’ organic ingredients: unsulphered coconut, sprouted sesame seeds, dates, and cacao.
Bunker Hill Cheese brings diehard buffalo wing fans an unexpected gluten-free, keto-friendly snack: Buffalo Crunchy Cheese Crisps. The family business, started by a Swiss master cheesemaker who moved his family to the States, has been operating since 1935 and is now under third-generation ownership. Today they’re serving up options that are intentionally high protein and low carb.
The short (and spicy) ingredient list, which stops at cheddar cheese, natural herbs and spices, onion, red pepper, salt, and oregano, will have you digging in without reservation. As with buffalo wings, though, don’t forget the napkins. Get them from Amazon for $12.49.
8. If sriracha’s more your style…
The masses may still not agree on the appropriate pronunciation of this much-loved condiment, but regardless of how you say it, if you’re a sriracha person, you know nothing will keep you away from that garlicky kick.
Enlightened’s gluten- and GMO-free Sriracha roasted broad bean crisps come in single-serve pouches that are perfect for snacking en route to wherever your day may take you. In addition to their low-carb deliciousness, they contain only 1 gram of sugar per serving while boasting 7 grams of protein and 20 percent of your daily dietary fiber (and garlic, chili powder, and paprika, of course). Get them from Amazon for $19.34.
9. This spicy snack comes straight from the pumpkin patch.
According to a University of Alaska resource, pumpkin seeds—also called pepitas—are excellent sources of minerals and protein that contain iron, zinc, magnesium, and omega-3 fatty acids. All of that is to say, this is a snack worth getting behind, whether you’re vegan, g-free, or eating keto-friendly—but especially if you love spicy snacks.
If the flame-covered pumpkin on the package didn’t give it away, here’s your heads up: These gourmet pumpkin seeds are hot. They’re seasoned with cayenne, black pepper, habanero, and crushed red pepper, plus garlic and unrefined sea salt, but nothing else—meaning you get 13 grams of healthy fats per serving. Get them from Amazon for $35.15.
10. Move over, Chester—there’s a flaming hot (GMO-free) Cheeto alternative in town.
If you’ve ever eaten Flamin’ Hot Cheetos until your fingertips have turned red and you’re panting in anguish (while still wanting just one more), we hear you. Unfortunately, Cheetos don’t offer the biggest bang for your nutritional buck, so why not try a gluten- and GMO-free pulse snack that brings the same crunch and heat?
Enter Peatos from World Peas Brand. These nutritionally conscious crisps are made from a unique blend of pea and lentil flour (pulses), plus fava bean protein and pea fiber. In addition to offering twice the protein and three times the fiber of your old favorite, Fiery Hot Peatos are also vegan. As the Peatos site says, “No tigers were harmed in the making of our product. And if feelings don’t count, then no cheetahs were harmed either.” Get them from Amazon for $14.99.
Savory Snacks FTW
11. Whether you gravitate toward hummus or are more of a salsa snacker, everyone needs a trusty chip.
Beanitos Black Bean Skinny Dippers are the perfect high-protein, gluten-free, low-carb chips. They contain only five ingredients: whole black beans, long grain rice, pure sunflower oil, tapioca starch, and sea salt, which together work out to 16 percent of your daily fiber and 5 grams of fat per serving for your snacking delight.
Black Bean Skinny Dippers are also GMO-free, vegan, and certified low glycemic, meaning they’ll help you feel full for longer and maintain healthy blood sugar levels regardless of whether you’re eating gluten-free, following a keto-friendly diet, or just after a more filling and well-balanced snack. Get them from Amazon for $9.59.
12. Like pickles? Here’s a protein-packed on-the-go snack for you.
Pickles come in all different varieties, but we don’t often think of them as a snack in and of themselves. BRAMI is out to change that with its high-protein lupini bean snacks that are…yes…adorable little pouches of pickled beans.
Lupini beans, which BRAMI calls the Mediterranean version of edamame, contain 13.4 grams of plant protein per 100 calories, compared to chia seeds, which contain only 3.4 grams; chickpeas, which contain only 5.4; and even lentils and soybeans, which contain only 7.8 and 8.8 grams of protein, respectively. While pickled beans may sound a little odd, BRAMI’s lupini bean starter pack, which contains sea salt, garlic and herb, chili lime, and hot pepper bean pouches, has rave reviews on Amazon. In addition to all that protein, they’re vegan, keto-friendly, and contain zero sugar. What’s not to love? Get them from Amazon for $18.94.
13. Snack on a wild caught fillet.
Fillet is not necessarily the first thing that comes to mind when you’re rummaging around for a savory snack, but if you like salmon (or smoked maple anything) why not up your snack game with Epic Provisions’ Salmon Fillets?
While it may not be a fillet a la Morton’s, eating fish once or twice a week may reduce the risk of stroke, depression, Alzheimer’s disease, and other chronic conditions. These smoked maple strips boast 7 grams of protein and a short and sweet ingredient list that includes wild-caught salmon, real maple sugar, organic coconut oil, sea salt, onion and garlic powder, and dill. Get them from Amazon for $16.99.
14. This teriyaki-flavored snack is perfect for jerky-loving vegans.
Just because you’d rather not eat fish or meat jerky doesn’t mean teriyaki goodness is off limits. Cocoburg’s vegan coconut jerky is gluten-free and contains a significant serving of healthy fats from the young coconut meat and coconut aminos it’s made of.
This meatless jerky is flavored with four simple ingredients: apple cider vinegar, ginger, coconut nectar, and garlic. It also boasts 4 grams of fiber, 3 grams of protein, and vitamins and minerals including calcium, magnesium, vitamin C, and iron, making it a well-rounded go-to for any snacker. Get them from Amazon for $6.94.
15. Relive your tween pizza roll days with this satisfying sprouted snack.
These zesty sprouted Flax Snax are some of my favorites because they actually taste like pizza. I’m also a huge fan of all things tomato, garlic, and seeds, so these crisps are a natural winner when a greasy slice just won’t do.
The resealable bag means I can snack on these at my desk for days, enjoying the fact that they contain no sugar, flour, or oil and are great for tiding me over between afternoon-slump o’clock and dinnertime. They also pack well and make for a great travel snack that doesn’t crumble apart or require endless napkins for sticky fingers. Get them from Amazon for $32.67.
AM Grind
16. Grab a peanut butter alternative for your toast, bagel, or smoothie.
Performance Nut Butter is conveniently packaged for those mornings when a leisurely breakfast over coffee and your email inbox just isn’t in the cards. Toss a pouch in your bag and hit the road. Whenever you have a moment you can “1. Tear, 2. Eat, 3. Conquer.”
Or, if you’d rather enjoy your nut butter in a slightly more civilized fashion, spread it over toast or apple slices or mix it into a smoothie. The macadamia nuts, coconut, cashews, and Himalayan sea salt (yep—that’s it) in each pack are blended with vegan and keto friendliness in mind, meaning you’ll get plenty of healthy fats to fuel your day. Get them from Amazon for $27.99.
17. Enjoy a gluten-free oatmeal alternative.
If you like rolled oats and blueberries as much as I do, you’re going to be excited about Papa Steven’s No Junk Raw Vegan Protein Bars. When you really need to eat on the go, your morning demands a healthy meal—no spoon required.
These wild blueberry almond bars contain raw almonds as the number one ingredient, followed by raw hemp seeds, pea protein, organic gluten-free oats, dried wild blueberries, tapioca fiber, and organic natural flavor. What they don’t contain: added sugar. With 9 grams of fat and 20 percent of your daily vitamin C, Papa Steve’s protein bars are a great start to your day (and a 10 pack means you’ll have one on hand whenever you need to fly out the door). Get them from Amazon for $34.99.
18. Who says “no” to a refreshing snack time smoothie?
Smoothie pouches aren’t just for the littles anymore thanks to NOKA Organics, a company that’s out to “restore your confidence in real food and its ability to power you through life’s adventures.” NOKA has developed a 100 percent organic gluten-free fruit blend that’s got protein and flax and is suited to snackers of all ages.
Our NOKA pick is their Blueberry/Beet organic smoothie, which contains organic banana, blueberry, apple, beet juice concentrate, flax, brown rice protein, lemon juice concentrate, maqui berry, and blueberry and wildberry flavors. This low-fat blend can be served room temperature or chilled and contains 10 percent of your daily iron—all from plant sources. Get them from Amazon for $14.99.
19. This keto option is a spread above the rest.
4th & Heart’s new-to-Amazon Chocolate Ghee Spread is the stuff breakfast dreams are made of, especially when you’re adhering to a ketogenic diet. This luscious condiment, which pairs well with protein pancakes, waffles, biscuits, and fruit, contains date syrup, chocolate, grass-fed vanilla bean ghee, cold-pressed coffee oil from Brazil, and energizing guarana seed powder.
Chocti Chocolate Coffee Ghee Cacao Spread is great for snack time in part because it doesn’t require refrigeration. Leave it at your desk for a sweet morning treat any day of the week—no vying for a spot in the work fridge required. Get it from Amazon for $13.42.
20. Fuel your morning with an oldie but a (gluten-free) goodie.
We typically count oatmeal as a breakfast food, and there’s nothing wrong with that, but in truth, it can be enjoyed any time of day—from mid-morning to midnight snack—especially if you have a cup of it handy wherever hunger may find you.
Bob’s Red Mill has created a gluten-free, single-serve variety pack that will allow you to enjoy oatmeal anywhere you have access to hot water and a spoon. (And thanks to the convenient paper cups, you don’t even have to have a bowl.) Why not throw a few of these in your desk drawer to ensure a hearty high-fiber snack is within reach whenever you need it? Get them from Amazon for $33.99.
21. Put the fun back in breakfast.
Waffles aren’t an easy on-the-go, gluten-free snack—no matter what flour you make them with. But wild berry stroopwafels can be, thanks to GU Energy Labs. The berry syrup that’s sandwiched between two chewy wafers to make these stroopwafels contains amino acids, electrolytes, and gluten-free carbs.
Based on the reviews, this snack is adored by cyclists for its long-lasting complex and simple carbohydrate blend and caffeine boost and you can enjoy knowing it contains primarily organic ingredients including organic palm fruit oil, rice extract, real cane sugar, and eggs. Get them from Amazon for $24.00.
22. Indulge in a keto-friendly coffee cake alternative.
Who doesn’t enjoy dunking a soft pastry in a piping hot cup of coffee? Of course, if you’re prioritizing balanced nutrition, then pumpkin rolls, danishes, and the like may not get the green light, especially in the morning when you want to start your day off right.
Allow us to introduce Nush Foods’ keto-compliant Banana Nut Cake. This high-fat, low-sugar treat includes 5 grams of fiber and 5 grams of protein, plus calcium, iron, and potassium. Ingredients include organic flax, coconut oil, and bananas, plus walnuts, sea salt, and rosemary and monk fruit extracts—all of which adds up to a deliciously dunkable snack time slice. Get them from Amazon for $17.94.
Coffee or Tea Time
23. All that talk of breakfast food has us wanting a cup of coffee…
And of course for many coffee drinkers, that means needing a trusty creamer, which isn’t easy to find, especially for those adhering to a ketogenic diet. That said, Laird Superfood Coffee Creamer is formulated with keto followers in mind.
Laird creamers are gluten-free, dairy-free, and vegan and contain organic red palm oil, coconut milk powder, and aquamin—a source of bioavailable calcium sourced from red marine algae. The result is an additive-free creamer that’s suited for coffee, tea, and smoothies that doesn’t require refrigeration, meaning you can take it with you anywhere. Get it from Amazon for $24.54.
24. Caffeine-free or not a huge fan of coffee? You know we wouldn’t leave you hanging.
Try SUTRA Superfoods’ Gold single serving superfood mix, a golden milk chai latte and caffeine-free coffee substitute that contains coconut milk, turmeric, black pepper, ginger, vanilla bean, maca root powder, pink sea salt, cinnamon, Stevia, and cayenne pepper.
These single-serve pick-me-ups are gluten-, dairy-, and refined sugar–free and are formulated to be keto-friendly. They’re also great year-round and on the go as they can be served hot or iced depending on where you are and what you’re craving. Get them from Amazon for $19.99.
25. Care for a sip of fat tea?
Okay, this is actually a single serve matcha brought to us by keto snack maker Fat Snax (meaning it’ll pair perfectly with those Lemony Lemon cookies). Each adorable paper packet contains 4 grams of fat from coconut and sustainable palm fruit oil, plus cassava starch, non-GMO erythritol and xylitol, ceremonial green tea matcha powder, and Stevia.
In addition to the keto-friendly fats, this brew contains caffeine to pep you up and offers a hint of sweetness that isn’t found in many health-conscious beverages. Matcha lovers can also rejoice in knowing that xylitol can help prevent cavities and keep your pearly whites shining bright. Get them from Amazon for $22.99.
26. Keto coffee, plus the convenience of K-Cups.
This variety pack of K-Cups from Nic’s Keto and Organic promises to shake snack time up a bit without posing any inconvenience. These toffee and banana–, melon-, and chocolate and cream–flavored coffees contain natural flavors but no sugar, meaning you’ll get a caffeine and flavor boost, but none of the crash associated with consuming too much sugar.
27. A cupful of activated charcoal might be just what the afternoon ordered.
This chocolatey pick comes from SUTRA Superfoods, and like their Gold single serving superfood mix, Black is also caffeine-free and keto-friendly. This blend’s ingredients are often associated with detoxing and include (in addition to the activated charcoal) coconut milk, raw cacao, red reishi mushroom, vanilla bean, sea salt, cinnamon, cayenne pepper, and debittered Stevia leaf extract.
If you’re feeling truly dark and moody (or just want a caffeine-free coffee alternative), this might be the perfect beverage to complement your feels and, like the Gold mix, it can be served hot or iced. Get them from Amazon for $19.99.
28. Why commit to just one coffee drink when you could try four?
Bulletproof Coffee’s ready-to-drink cold brew sampler is perfect for those who haven’t had an opportunity to try all of their keto-friendly, certified clean coffees. Bulletproof’s beans pass tests that check for 27 toxins, then are cold brewed and blended with coconut extract and grass-fed butter.
The sampler pack includes their original, mocha, vanilla, and collagen protein options, meaning you can pick your favorite. Another upside of the sampler pack: You don’t have to refrigerate these coffee drinks until after opening, meaning you can grab a few and go without worrying about them spoiling between point A and the next refrigerator. Get them from Amazon for $19.95.
29. Live your life like it’s golden (and leave the single-serve waste behind).
If you’re not so smitten with the waste generated by single-serve options, try Gaia’s golden milk turmeric supplement. Like many other gluten-free and keto-friendly options, this blend includes turmeric and date palm fruit, and it also incorporates cardamom seed, ashwagandha, vanilla bean, and black pepper.
Two of the nicest things about this snack time treat? You can decide how much of the blend to mix in your drink, and the rest will stay sealed and secure in its recyclable glass jar and all of the ingredients are either organic or ecologically harvested. Also, like SUTRA Superfoods’ mixes, Gaia’s Golden Milk can be enjoyed hot or iced. Get it from Amazon for $12.99.
More Than a Snack
30. Sometimes you need a snack that eats like a meal.
Snack time can mean a piece of fruit or bag of crisps—or it can mean a gluten-free, belly-warming curry, thanks to Chef Soraya’s eat-a-bowls. Our pick: vegan Kathmandu Curry (aka dal bhat for those who are familiar with Nepali cuisine). Just add boiling water or pop the bowl-in-one in the microwave and a hearty snack will be yours in minutes.
The Kathmandu Curry eat-a-bowl includes lentils, long grain brown rice, potatoes, carrots, peas, garlic, and plenty of herbs and spices. All those veggies mean it’s a low-fat option that boasts 24 grams of dietary fiber, 14 grams of protein, 50 percent of your daily iron, 35 percent of your vitamin C, and 15 percent of your vitamin A. As Chef Soraya Smith says, “Namaste.” Get them from Amazon for $23.94.
31. Here’s a g-free win for the cheddar lovers.
Less curry and more comfort food (unless of course curry is your comfort food—in which case dal bhat all day!): Annie’s gluten-free rice pasta and cheddar microwavable mac and cheese is an obvious choice. This classic Americana in a cup is free from artificial flavors, synthetic colors, preservatives, and gluten, thanks to noodles that are made with a combination of white and brown rice flours.
Even better? Annie’s works with its trusted suppliers to source GMO-free ingredients only and according to their website, “Every yummy bite creates a positive impact.” The company works with FoodCorps to get healthy food to school children, funds grants to support and sustain 395 school gardens (and counting!) and awards scholarships to leaders who are actively developing sustainable farming practices. All that adds up to a truly feel-good (for you and beyond) cup of mac and cheese. Get them from Amazon for $22.72.
32. This bottled snack is made for the grab-and-go gourmand.
If you’ve graduated from your days of downing mac and cheese, perhaps a spot of gluten-free gazpacho is more your style. Meet Tio’s verde gazpacho, a beautifully packaged ready-to-drink soup made from whole-food ingredients.
This culinary experience can be enjoyed bowl (and spoon) free and will fill your snack time with the refreshing flavors of tomato, cucumber, green pepper, avocado, leafy greens, extra virgin olive oil, red onion, mint, Himalayan pink salt, black pepper, cumin, garlic, and jalepeño for a sophisticated kick. Get them from Amazon for $46.53.
33. Support the World Wildlife Fund while snacking on sustainable seafood.
These lightly smoked sardine fillets from Wild Selections are a wonderful keto-friendly and gluten-free option that supports healthy snacking and a cause. With 13 grams of healthy fats from fish and a touch of canola oil, these fillets make for grown-up cracker or salad toppers that can be taken on the go.
Wild Selections’ sardine is Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) certified sustainable, and for every purchase, the company donates 13 cents to the World Wildlife Fund. The money is used to help support certified fisheries and conserve marine life worldwide. Get them from Amazon for $25.18.
34. Serve yourself something Pho’nomenal.
If you’re a fan of pho, yes, you have your favorite Vietnamese place and know exactly the right way to dress your bowl of goodness. But for those days when dining out is out of the question, Pho’nomenal brings the heat with their non-GMO, MSG-, dairy-, and gluten-free quick noodles.
Unlike ramen, Pho’nomenal bowls don’t contain fried noodles or preservatives. They can be made with boiling water or in the microwave, meaning at any given snack time you’re just three minutes from a bowl of pho. Pho’nomenal’s founder—a Vietnamese refugee who shares that while bouncing from place to place his family was “often forced to share one small pot of soup among the whole family”—has also partnered with Food Banks of America, pledging to donate 10,000 bowls for every million sold. In short: This is another snack we can get behind on many levels. Get them from Amazon for $27.99.
35. Meet my favorite dry soup mix (to go).
I am a huge fan of Dr. McDougall’s dry soup mixes, and truth be told, I was weaned on this stuff from a young age. This delicious vegan black bean and lime soup is the perfect combo of savory and spice, and I consider it well suited to breakfast, lunch, and dinner—and snack time of course.
A single serving of this delicious concoction contains 15 grams of fiber, 21 grams of protein, 28 percent of your daily iron, and 30 percent of your potassium. In terms of flavor profile, in addition to black beans, the instant soup—which can be made with hot water or in the microwave—is super zesty thanks to hints of lime, red bell pepper, tomato, onion, garlic, and cilantro. Get them from Amazon for $16.98.
36. This soup-from-a-bag is Osso Good.
If you prefer soup you can squeeze from a pouch over powdered options that require mixing—and want to get in on the bone broth craze—Osso Good has you covered with their new-to-Amazon dairy- and gluten-free Soup’r Foods. This three pack features their Thai Carrot, Tomato Basil, and Butternut Squash flavors, all of which incorporate a chicken bone broth base.
Osso’s Soup’r foods contain zero added sugar and the packaging is BPA-free. Also, all three soups are Whole30 approved. Get them from Amazon for $46.74.
37. Sip a snack of bone broth and mushrooms.
Want more of that bone broth goodness? Kettle & Fire’s got you covered with a collagen- and gelatin-rich snack you can sip: Mushroom Chicken Bone Broth with lion’s mane superfood mushrooms.
This savory broth is made from organic chicken bones that are simmered for 12+ hours, meaning it’s free from hormones, antibiotics, and artificial ingredients. It is also dairy- and soy-free. Kettle & Fire recommends you heat this lighter-than-soup snack by simmering it over the stove (which is perfect for mindful eating on a leisurely day) but shares that it can be heated in the microwave for 40 seconds in a microwave-safe container if you need your collagen and lion’s mane on the fly. Get them from Amazon for $30.37.
Gym-Bag Ready
38. This is my go-to snack bar.
I developed a penchant for breakfasting on Chocolate Peppermint Stick LUNA bars plus a bottle of orange juice the first summer I spent on Cornell’s campus. (If you know Ithaca hills, you know the importance of a portable meal that’ll get you to class on time!) While I’m more of a rolled-oats-for-breakfast gal now, this whole nutrition bar is still my snacking go-to, and I’m never without a box of them in my desk drawer.
LUNA bars are free from gluten, artificial flavors, and high-fructose corn syrup, and the delicious white chocolate peppermint bark on the bottom of these bars is actually dairy-free. That’s right, Chocolate Peppermint Stick is a vegan option that serves up 8 grams of protein along with insoluble fiber, iron, magnesium, and vitamin E, making them a perfect snack to toss in your #plantpowered gym bag. Get them from Amazon for $13.75.
39. Keto, vegan, and gluten-free, these high-tech bars have everyone covered.
Pegan Thin protein bars, which are indeed keto-friendly and vegan, are made in a dedicated gluten-free facility using stay-fresh technology that ensures they’ll be good for up to 18 months. Our thoughts on that: Toss one in every drawer, purse, bag, and pack so you’ll have a balanced snack any time a craving strikes in the next…year and a half.
The variety box o’ 12 means you can try the Pegan bars in Lava Chocolate, Sweet Sunflower, Vanilla Cinnamon Roll, Cinn Raisin, and Ginger Snap. All five flavors are formulated with plant protein sourced from pumpkin seeds, organic sacha inchi, and [linkbuilder id=”6884″ text=”watermelon seeds”] plus sunflower seed butter, monk fruit extract, and ProDURA probiotics. Get them from Amazon for $29.99.
40. Variety is the spice of life—and potentially the fuel for your best workout yet.
When Thunderbird Real Food Bars says less is more, they’re talking about the number of ingredients in their bars—and the absence of added sweeteners, dairy, soy, or grain. And while we all have our favorites, sometimes more (and new!) really is better, especially when it comes to flavor profiles. That’s definitely the case when it comes to this Thunderbird Vegan Real Food Energy Bar Sampler Pack.
Enjoy these Texan treats in eight flavors that translate to eight workouts fueled by something new—or the promise of a tasty (and gluten-free) treat on the other side of your sweat sesh. Get them from Amazon for $19.99.
You’ve probably heard the initials GMO being used to describe foods you purchase at your local grocery store but might not understand what the term means exactly. In case you aren’t familiar, GMO stands for genetically modified organism, which sounds kind of scary when you break down what it might mean. In short, GMOs can be plants, animals, viruses, or any bacterial organisms that have human-made modifications to their genes. These modifications are not naturally occurring, which is why so many Americans are concerned about the potential harm that genetically modified products could cause. For this reason, more and more companies are signing on to the Non-GMO Project, a non-profit organization that certifies that goods are created and manufactured free from genetically modified organisms. A number of big brands have signed on in recent years, including Trader Joe’s and Chipotle. Some environmental groups, however, are still not satisfied and are taking things a step further by demanding mandatory labeling of all genetically engineered foods. It doesn’t sound like a radical idea—after all, shouldn’t the consumer know what she is putting in her body? To help clear the air surrounding GMOs, how they’re used in food, and whether they present a danger to consumers (and/or the environment), we asked some common questions about this umbrella term.
What are GMOs, really?
To fully understand what GMOs are and how they work, you have to go back to their inception—on the farm. “Crops that are genetically modified, or engineered, have a specific gene or trait from another species inserted into its DNA in order to adopt that trait as part of its genome,” explains registered dietitian Jennie Schmidt of Schmidt Farms in Ray, Michigan. [pullquote align=”center”]In Jennie Schmidt’s experience and perspective as a farmer, genetically modifying organisms is not always a bad thing.[/pullquote] “Conventional breeding includes hybridization, cross breeding, grafting, chemical or radiation mutagenesis, polyploidy, and protoplast fusion—all of which ‘modify’ the genes of the plants they are breeding, and all of which are acceptable means of plant breeding in the certified organic system.” In Schmidt’s experience and perspective as a farmer, genetically modifying organisms is not always a bad thing. For example, golden rice recently gained approval in numerous countries (including the U.S.). Golden rice is rice that has daffodil genes inserted into it to increase the amount of vitamin A that rice is otherwise lacking. This is important because vitamin A deficiency is a public health crisis in some developing nations. According to the World Health Organization, more than 250,000 children go blind each year as a result of vitamin A deficiency. Another way that GMOs make their way into our food supply is through crops that have been modified with the goal of withstanding the effects of herbicides and pesticides, and some GMO crops are designed to survive periods of low water or drought.
What is the history of GMOs?
Many people don’t know this, but the first GMO was not a food at all. Instead, it was a pharmaceutical—human insulin, which was approved in 1982. “This allowed for production of … insulin that is genetically identical to human insulin … rather than harvesting pancreas[es] of pigs and cattle at the slaughterhouse and extracting insulin that was less pure and more allergenic for insulin-dependent diabetics,” Schmidt explains. The first genetically modified food crop to be sold was the Flavr Savr tomato in 1994. It was engineered to have less bruising and a longer shelf life, but it was highly unsuccessful because it did not have the fresh-picked flavor of in-season tomatoes. Various field crops soon followed suit, including soybeans, corn, and cotton, which were engineered with insect resistance or herbicide tolerance and approved for use in commercial production. “For us, adopting Bt corn (corn that’s been genetically modified) and herbicide-tolerant crops was just next steps of agricultural innovation,” says Schmidt. “My father-in-law saw the adoption of tractors in the ’30s and ’40s, the adoption of hybrid seeds in the ’50s and ’60s, the adoption of synthetic fertilizer in the ’50s and ’60s, the adoption of computers in the tractors in the ’80s and ’90s, so the adoption of these so-called GMOs was in his words ‘a no brainer.’” These, she explains, were common-sense practices to adopt to reduce agriculture’s impact on the environment. In short, farmers saw benefits.
Are farmers who do not use GMOs negatively affected by the use of GMOs?
One of the main apprehensions non-GMO farmers have is cross-contamination of their crops with GMO crops. “Non-GMO farmers are concerned that pollen from GMO crops could blow into their non-GMO fields and [they could] actually get sued for not properly paying for GMO seeds,” explains Roger E. Adams, PhD, a Houston-based dietitian, nutritionist, and founder of eatrightfitness. “Careful farming practices can prevent this, however, lawsuits of this type are mostly blown out of proportion and many farmers grow non-GMO and GMO crops on the same farm.”
Are GMOs safe?
The World Health Organization, the American Medical Association, the National Academy of Sciences, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science have all come to the same conclusion that there is not enough evidence to support the belief that GMOs are unsafe. Still, the concept of how they are created—the cross-breeding of DNA to create a food product that is not naturally occurring—does leave consumers with some unsettling concerns. John Bagnulo, PhD, a food scientist and the director of nutrition for Functional Formularies, believes that GMOs are inherently risky to whoever eats them because our microbiome is easily influenced by these “loosely” held genes. (Loosely held refers to the instability of GMO genes being introduced to the microbiome. As Bagnulo explains, “Once there is genetic modification, genes are much more easily swapped when exposed to microbes.”)
How many products in the U.S. currently use GMOs? What are some of the most common items that incorporate GMOs?
There are only 10 crops that are genetically modified and produced in the United States currently: corn, soybeans, cotton, non-browning potatoes, papaya, squash, canola, alfalfa, non-browning apples, and sugar beets. [pullquote align=”center”]Studies show that GMOs are making their way into 70 to 80 percent of conventional processed foods in the U.S.[/pullquote] It’s also worth noting that a growing number of alfalfa-based animal feeds are genetically modified. Because of this, Bagnulo explains, most conventional milk is produced with GMOs—and it’s not just milk. Studies show that GMOs are making their way into 70 to 80 percent of conventional processed foods in the U.S., according to the Grocery Manufacturers Association, since the majority of foods and beverages are produced with one or more of the ingredients listed.
Are food products in the U.S. required to have GMO labels to indicate that they have been genetically modified?
In July 2016, President Obama signed the National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Law, which set a nationwide standard for the disclosure of genetic material that has been modified through DNA techniques. As part of this law, however, a food manufacturer can choose among a set of options to disclose the presence of GMOs in their food. One of these options is a mere electronic scanner or digital link on the packaging that takes the consumer to a website containing this information. Kind of sneaky, right?
Also known as winter cherry and Indian ginseng, ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) has recently gained a lot of popularity. There are a number of scientifically-proven benefits of ashwagandha—and the time-tested remedy could potentially have dozens of uses. Ashwagandha is an adaptogen, which is a type of herb that helps one’s body adapt to stress. According to Erin Stokes, ND and Medical Director at MegaFood, adaptogenshave been used for thousands of years in the traditional Indian system of medicine known as Ayurveda. “Ayurveda, a Sanskrit word, literally means the ‘science of life’,” Stokes says. “The highly developed traditional system of medicine is centered around establishing balance in different systems of the body.” While ashwagandha isn’t new, it’s becoming increasingly popular in wellness communities. Ashwagandha isn’t the only kind of adaptogen that exists, but it’s one of the most widely-used and well-researched of all, Stokes says. The root, leaf, and fruit of the plant are used for medicine. Adaptogens reportedly work by targeting our cortisol levels. When we’re stressed, our bodies go into fight-or-flight mode, which increases the production of a stress hormone called cortisol. It’s normal and healthy to experience stress once in a while, but chronic stress leads to chronically high levels of cortisol. This has a damaging effect on our physical and mental health. Because stress can affect the entire body, it follows logically that an herb that regulates our stress levels can have a broad range of positive health benefits.
What are the health benefits of ashwagandha?
“Ashwagandha is one of the most versatile of the adaptogenic botanicals because it is uniquely suited to benefit many people,” Stokes explains. “Plants each have their unique qualities, just like the people who take them.” Alissia Zenhausern, NMD, a naturopathic physician at NMD Wellness of Scottsdale, says that ashwagandha is one of her favorite herbs because of its numerous benefits. “As ashwagandha is one of the most researched herbs, it definitely has a lot of research supporting its benefits, and clinically I have definitely seen its power,” she says. Here are a few of the possible health benefits of ashwagandha.
Anxiety and Stress
As mentioned earlier, ashwagandha is primarily considered an adaptogen—meaning it helps the body adapt to cope with stress and anxiety. One study suggests that the anti-anxiety effects of ashwagandha are comparable to that of lorazepam (Ativan), a common prescription anti-anxiety medication. This same study also found that ashwagandha may have antidepressant effects, too. Further studies done in 2000, 2009, and 2012 all suggest ashwagandha can reduce anxiety in people with anxiety disorders. Zenhausern notes that although ashwagandha is great for stress, it’s more appropriate for treating long-term or chronic stress. “The reason this herb is not good for short-term stress is because it takes at least one to two months of continual use to notice improvement in stress management and anxiety. Although long, this is totally worth the wait,” she says. [pullquote align=”center”]“Ashwagandha is one of the most versatile of the adaptogenic botanicals because it is uniquely suited to benefit many people.”
—Erin Stokes, ND [/pullquote]
Sleep
Since ashwagandha can be such a powerful anti-anxiety herb, it makes sense that it can also improve your sleep quality—especially if anxiety is keeping you from getting some shut-eye. “Ashwagandha can also help promote restful sleep when taken over time,” Stokes says. “In fact, the genus name somnifera—Withania somnifera—means ‘sleep inducer’ in Latin.” Indeed, studies have shown that regularly taking ashwagandha can improve sleep quality, since an active component of ashwagandha can induce sleep.
Cancer
Ashwagandha has potential cancer-fighting effects, but more studies are needed to confirm this. Multiple trials done on animals suggest ashwagandha can help fight cancer—specifically, it has been shown to reduce the spread of lung, breast, ovarian and colon cancer—by causing adaptosis, the death of cancer cells, and by preventing the spread of cancer to new cells. Unfortunately, there aren’t enough human trials to confirm whether ashwagandha could have a cancer-fighting effect in humans, too. Hopefully, future studies will help us harness the anti-tumor properties of this incredible herb. Some trials, though, have suggested that ashwagandha can improve the quality of life of cancer patients, specifically through reducing chemotherapy-induced fatigue.
Improving Muscle Mass
Ashwagandha is Sanskrit for “strength of the stallion,” Zenhausern says, and it’s traditionally been used to improve one’s strength. A few studies have suggested that the herb does indeed improve one’s ability to gain muscle. One study indicated that ashwagandha can significantly improve one’s physical performance and endurance during physical activity.
Immune Function and Inflammation
Inflammation is an immune response that helps the body protect itself from “attacks” such as infections, sores, and some bacteria. In itself, inflammation is not always a bad thing. For those who have autoimmune disorders, however, inflammation often gets a little out-of-hand. The science suggests that ashwagandha has anti-inflammatory properties and supports the immune system. Zenhausern notes that, in traditional Ayurvedic medicine, ashwagandha was often given to people recovering from illness to support their immune system. Because of its anti-inflammatory properties, ashwagandha could be a potentially useful treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disorder.
Libido and Fertility
“The herb has even been shown to help with low libido and infertility in both males and females,” Zenhausern says. Indeed, human studies have shown that ashwagandha increases testosterone levels and sperm quality in men. A 2009 study showed that ashwagandha can improve the semen quality in stress-related male infertility. In this study, the subjects underwent treatment for three months where they were given a high dose of ashwagandha every day. After this three-month treatment, 14 percent of the subjects’ partners became pregnant. That said, the reproductive effects of ashwagandha aren’t totally understood, as it surprisingly had spermicidal effects in some animal models.
Brain Function
Ashwagandha is considered a rejuvenating plant, and it’s believed to help improve cognitive function. It’s one of the Ayurvedic medicines that have traditionally been used to prevent dementia and improve memory. A few studies have suggested that ashwagandha can improve brain function and memory. Additionally, ashwagandha might prevent or reduce the acceleration of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease. Although the plant is well-studied, further studies are needed before we understand all the benefits of ashwagandha. If you’re curious about whether ashwagandha can help you specifically, it’s best to speak to a trained healthcare professional who has knowledge of Ayurveda.
How does one use ashwagandha properly?
Ashwagandha is available in a range of different forms, including teas, powders, capsules, and tablets, Stokes notes. Zenhausern highly recommends taking the root powder form of ashwagandha, but make sure you’re buying it from a reputable source. “It is important to make sure the supplement is standardized for human consumption,” she says. The active part of the herb is called the withanolides, and Zenhausern recommends ensuring the withanolides content in the ashwagandha is in the range of 1 to 10 percent before buying it. Only buy ashwagandha if the supplier clearly marks the withanolides content, she advises. “The reason it is important to make sure the withanolide content is between 1 to 10 percent is because the higher the withanolide content, the stronger the supplement’s effect will be,” Zenhausern explains. Thus, the withanolides content will determine the dosage of ashwagandha. Ashwagandha powder does not taste great, unfortunately. While you can mix it up with a little water and drink it, it has a very unpleasant, chalky taste. An alternative is to add ashwagandha powder to a smoothie so that the other ingredients mask the taste. As always, it’s best to check in with a healthcare practitioner before using any herb or supplement. Not only can they ensure its safety, but they can also advise you on what dosage to take. “Always consult with your doctor before starting a new supplement,” Zenhausern advises. “The typical dose I recommend starting with is 300 to 500 mg of ashwagandha per day. You can slowly increase for a max dose of 1,500 mg per day.” Of course, the ideal dosage of ashwagandha will vary from person to person, depending on your personal biology and the health benefit you hope to gain from taking the supplement.
There are many benefits of ashwagandha, but is it safe to use? Who should steer clear of it?
Studies have shown that ashwagandha is safe to consume, but both Stokes and Zenhausern agree that it shouldn’t be taken by children or pregnant people. “Ashwagandha should never be used in pregnancy, as it contains abortive properties that can lead to miscarriage,” Zenhausern explains. There aren’t enough studies to show definitely if ashwagandha is safe for children to consume, so it’s best to err on the side of caution and avoid giving the herb to kids. [pullquote align=”center”]“As ashwagandha is one of the most researched herbs, it definitely has a lot of research supporting its benefits, and clinically I have definitely seen its power.”
—Alissia Zenhausern, NMD [/pullquote] Ashwagandha might interact with other medication, so it’s important to be cautious if you’re on certain medications. WebMD notes that ashwagandha might interact with immunosuppressants, sedatives like benzodiazepine and central nervous system depressants, and thyroid medication. If you’re concerned about this, speak directly to a healthcare practitioner. As mentioned earlier, it’s important to get your ashwagandha from a reputable source. Although ashwagandha itself isn’t inherently harmful to adults, it’s important to remember that the FDA doesn’t regulate supplements the same way prescription medications are regulated. In 2008, the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health funded a study that involved testing Ayurvedic supplements. Out of the 193 supplements examined, 21 percent contained toxic substances like lead, mercury, and arsenic. This is why it’s important to check in with your healthcare practitioner whenever you use a supplement, even if it’s herbal and relatively safe, like ashwagandha. The best way to enjoy the benefits of ashwagandha is under the advice of a trained professional who can help you determine the best dosage and source of the herb.
Who can resist indulging in their favorite greasy, guilty pleasures at the state fair or a fiery curry dinner that’s loaded with spicy veggies? Foods like these taste amazing going down, but they don’t always feel so great when your body starts processing them. Your stomach might feel uncomfortably full (even if the meal wasn’t huge), you might experience some blush-inducing gas, or you might have a burning sensation. It’s called indigestion, and it shows up in a variety of ways. But what causes indigestion? “Indigestion is really interesting because it covers a lot of real estate in the digestive system,” explains Will Bulsiewicz, MD, the board-certified practicing gastroenterologist behind the popular gut health Instagram account @theguthealthmd. “Lots of different things can cause indigestion, and even the way you choose to define it can vary quite a bit.” Indigestion certainly isn’t comfortable, but you’re not alone in the experience: Roughly 1 in 4 Americans experience indigestion every year, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Here’s what you need to know about this all-too-common experience, from what causes indigestion, symptoms to watch out for, treatment options for uncomfortable digestion, and when to see a doctor.
What is indigestion?
You’ve heard the term countless times, and you might even be experiencing it yourself. But what exactly is indigestion? “Indigestion is a really broad term,” says Bulsiewicz. “In general, I describe it as a feeling of discomfort after you consume food.” While indigestion symptoms can vary from person to person, they often include pain in the abdomen, dull burning in the chest, feeling overly full, nausea, gas, and/or bloating. It’s one of those you-know-it-when-you-have-it conditions. However, keep in mind that indigestion itself isn’t a disease. Also known as dyspepsia, indigestion is a symptom of something else. This is why it’s important to identify the root of your discomfort so you can find the right treatment options for you.
What foods cause indigestion?
You might notice that every time you eat a specific kind of food, like citrus fruits or a spicy tuna roll (extra wasabi, please!), you experience digestion that’s, ahem, less than pleasant. It’s not surprising, though—certain foods and even some drinks are known to trigger uncomfortable symptoms in some people. “Spicy foods and acidic foods, such as tomato sauce, classically make indigestion worse because they increase the acidity in the stomach,” says Bulsiewicz. If you experience symptoms of indigestion after a spicy meal every once in a while, it’s probably not cause for major concern. “Everyone is prone to overdoing it on food at times. You could be a perfectly healthy person, go to Mexican a restaurant and have too many jalapeños and maybe not feel well afterward. That could be the source of your indigestion,” says Bulsiewicz. However, chronic indigestion after meals might indicate that foods are aggravating an underlying health issue. “If you have certain conditions that worsen when you have increased acidity, you’ll have an intensification of pain after you eat anything acidic,” explains Bulsiewicz. “There’s a point at which it crosses the line from sporadic to something you can reproduce. For example, I could drink orange juice all day long and be fine, but there are people with symptoms that flare up after just one glass.” Keep track of when you feel indigestion, and work with your doctor to determine whether a more serious health concern should be addressed.
[pullquote align=”center”]Indigestion isn’t a disease, it’s a symptom of something else. For a portion of people who experience indigestion, that something else might be a health condition that needs medical attention.[/pullquote]
Another potential cause of indigestion could be how you’re eating. In today’s fast-paced world, who isn’t scarfing down big meals at lightning speed? Your dining behaviors not only limit how much you enjoy the food you’re eating, they also might be what’s causing your post-meal abdominal pain. (Talk about #saddesklunch!) Wolfing down food too quickly, laughing a lot while you’re eating, drinking through a straw, and consuming carbonated beverages can cause you to actually swallow air (a condition known as aerophagia), says Bulsiewicz. And that air needs to come out—somehow, some way. “The air is either going to be belched out or wiggle through your intestines and come out your bottom,” says Bulsiewicz. The way your body processes and releases the air can cause gastrointestinal discomfort, including abdominal pain, bloating, and other indigestion symptoms. Consider this just one more reason to support the worldwide movement to ban plastic straws—and additional motivation to kick your diet soda habit.
Certain health conditions can cause indigestion.
Remember: Indigestion isn’t a disease, it’s a symptom of something else. For a portion of people who experience indigestion, that something else might be a health condition that needs medical attention. “When people think about indigestion, the first thing that comes to mind for both patients and doctors is the question of an ulcer,” says Bulsiewicz. “But it takes a lot of skill on the part of the doctor to peel back the layers to figure out what might really be causing someone’s indigestion.” Health issues in the stomach may be to blame for your indigestion. The doctor may check to see if you have a Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection or gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining). Your physician may determine you have functional dyspepsia (stomach pain that’s not related to an ulcer). “Another fairly common cause of indigestion is constipation,” he says. “It can cause abdominal discomfort and pain, nausea, gas, and bloating.” Sometimes your indigestion might not be rooted in stomach or intestinal issues at all. Instead, another organ might be causing the discomfort you feel after mealtimes. “If your gallbladder isn’t functioning properly, it could give you discomfort in your upper abdomen, which many people think is their stomach,” says Bulsiewicz. “Indigestion might also be a symptom of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. While commonly seen in people with a history of alcohol abuse, this condition also occurs in people with type 2 diabetes and people who are aging. You stop producing enough digestive juice in your pancreas, and that can cause pain.” Finally, indigestion is also a common complaint among pregnant women. “There’s no one cause for indigestion during pregnancy,” explains Bulsiewicz. “Altered hormones, the baby and uterus pushing up on the stomach, and relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter can all contribute to these symptoms.” So, how can you figure out what causes indigestion in your body? Start by tracking your indigestion (what time of day it occurs, what you ate right before) so you can learn what’s triggering it, and see your doctor for a proper diagnosis.
Diagnosing What Causes Indigestion
Infrequent cases of fleeting indigestion are generally not something to be alarmed about (even though getting through it is no picnic!). But when does this problem move beyond uncomfortable annoyance and into the realm of serious health concern? Bulsiewicz recommends watching out for the following conditions:
Your indigestion becomes a chronic, recurrent problem
It goes on for more than a few weeks
Your indigestion intensifies or becomes more painful
You start losing weight
You feel fatigued, weak, or lightheaded
You see blood in your vomit or stool
“All of those would be reasons to get your indigestion checked out by a doctor,” he says. Your physician may use an upper endoscopy to start looking for clues as to what’s causing your uncomfortable digestion. “It’s the single most powerful [tool] we have to diagnose this symptom, but it doesn’t provide all of the answers,” says Bulsiewicz. Depending on what the doctor finds with the upper endoscopy, you may have a diagnosis relatively quickly. Otherwise, you may need to undergo additional procedures, such as a blood test, to figure out what’s going on. Finding the cause of indigestion isn’t always easy, but as soon as you have the right diagnosis, you can work on starting the proper treatment—and ultimately finding relief.
What’s the best treatment for indigestion?
First, you need to determine if it’s just a random case of indigestion (which everyone gets from time to time) or it’s related to a more severe health issue. If it’s the former, popping a couple of Tums might do the trick. “Tums are great when you have symptoms and you want to get rid of them,” says Bulsiewicz. “It won’t prevent symptoms or heal an underlying cause, but it’s a fine option to use as needed.” Stronger indigestion medication might be necessary if you’re experiencing more frequent symptoms. Prilosec, Pepcid, and Zantac are all potential options for relieving the discomfort of indigestion, says Bulsiewicz. “Pick up an acid-reducing medicine over the counter and do a trial for two weeks to see what happens,” he says. “I would not treat yourself at home for more than two weeks.” If the problem is still occurring after a couple of weeks, or your symptoms worsen, it’s time to get checked out by a doctor. Remember: If you occasionally experience discomfort after eating, you probably don’t have a more serious underlying condition. If your indigestion is frequent, though, or if you start feeling worse, it could be related to something beyond eating one-too-many jalapeños. If you think your indigestion may be indicative of a more serious issue, see a doctor right away to pinpoint the problem and get on the road to feeling better.
Tasting ghee for the first time is like discovering delicious liquid gold; you’ll want to use it on everything (and we mean everything). Made from clarified butter, ghee is a popular fat regularly used in Indian cuisine and Ayurvedic medicine. Unlike butter, all the milk solids are removed from ghee, which means that ghee has a much higher smoke point and is shelf-stable. Ghee has a pronounced nutty taste that’s just as at home in a stir-fry as it is thinly spread on a piece of good bread. In Ayurvedic medicine, ghee is used for its alleged digestive, anti-inflammatory, and immune-boosting properties. Here, we cover everything you need to know about getting started with ghee and explore all of its different uses, both in and out of the kitchen (including how to easily make it at home!).
What is ghee? Your new favorite pantry staple.
The distinction between clarified butter and ghee comes down to cooking time; ghee is simmered for a longer period of time than clarified butter. This results in darker milk solids that give ghee a nutty, deeply savory flavor. In India, ghee is made from cow’s milk and water buffalo milk.
[pullquote align=”center”]“Ghee is considered by Ayurveda to be the most penetrating of edible oils, which means it digests well and travels to nourish the deep tissues of the body…”
—Kate O’Donnell, certified Ayurvedic practitioner[/pullquote] Although it’s possible to find water buffalo milk ghee, it’s far easier (and less expensive) to buy cow’s milk ghee in North American grocery stores. When purchasing ghee, look for brands that only contain cow dairy and are free of hydrogenated vegetable oils (a tell-tale sign of subpar ghee.) Because the lactose-containing milk solids are removed from ghee, it’s generally considered safe for those who suffer from lactose intolerance (although as thisarticle in Today’s Dietician points out, butter is also naturally very low in lactose.)
Is ghee healthier than butter?
One important difference between ghee and butter are their smoke points. Because the milk solids have been removed in ghee, it has a higher smoke point than butter (ghee has a smoke point of 485 degrees Fahrenheit, whereas butter begins to smoke at a much lower 350 degrees Fahrenheit.) Why are smoke points important? According to anarticle in The Globe And Mail, “the more refined an oil, the higher its smoke point, because refining removes impurities and free fatty acids that can cause the oil to smoke.” That said, both butter and ghee are very high in saturated fats, a type of fat that theAmerican Heart Association recommends you consume in very small quantities.
Ghee and Ayurvedic Medicine
When talking about the perceived health benefits of ghee, it’s important to remember that ghee comes with its own unique cultural context—one that is informed largely by the Ayurvedic tradition.Kate O’ Donnell is a certified Ayurvedic practitioner, Boston-based Ashtanga yoga teacher, and is the author ofThe Everyday Ayurveda Cookbook: A Seasonal Guide to Eating and Living Welland Everyday Ayurvedic Cooking for a Calm, Clear Mind: 100 Sattvic Recipes. For O’Donnell, ghee is an essential part of practicing Ayurvedic medicine. “Ghee is considered by Ayurveda to be the most penetrating of edible oils, which means it digests well and travels to nourish the deep tissues of the body, such as bones, nerves, and reproductive tissues,” she says. O’Donnell is a particularly big fan of ghee’s purported antibacterial abilities. “Ghee can be used in the nostrils before a flight to avoid picking up pathogens. Use the pinky fingers to rub a small amount around the nostrils and inhale deeply. Bugs will stick to the ghee, not your passages, and it helps with dryness as well.” Ghee is also used for oil massages, detoxification, and as the base of many Ayurvedic homeopathic medicines. Although scientists are beginning to study ghee for its potential health benefits, the available literature on the subject is fairly limited. One notablestudy in the Ayurvedic medicine journal AYU found a positive link between regular ghee intake and a reduction in cardiovascular disease. Anotherstudy published in the Journal of the Indian Medical Association used a physician-administered questionnaire to examine the effects of ghee on cardiovascular health in males living in a rural Indian village and found the prevalence of cardiovascular disease was lower in males that regularly consumed ghee than those who didn’t.
Ghee as an All-Natural Beauty Aid
Considering the popularity of natural moisturizing substances like coconut oil and shea butter, it’s no surprise that ghee is also being used cosmetically for its super moisturizing properties for both the hair and skin. Ghee can be applied directly to the skin or hair as is, or, depending on your beauty regimen, it can be mixed with ingredients such as honey, milk, rosewater, and ground almonds. Shannon Buck of Fresh-Picked Beauty recommends this rosemary-infused ghee hair mask. The idea of using ghee as a beauty product is also gaining traction with those in search of ethically made, all-natural products that they don’t have to DIY, and the European beauty companyMIRATI has even released an entire line of products specially formulated with ghee.
How to Cook With Ghee
O’Donnell likes to use a small amount of ghee in her cooking whenever possible. “I usually recommend ghee in smaller amounts with each meal, such as 1 teaspoon in morning eggs, oatmeal, or toast, and then again for sautés, grains, and soups at lunch and dinner. Use it anywhere you would use other oils!”
[pullquote align=”center”]It may take a few ghee-making attempts to figure out exactly how deeply browned you prefer the milk solids, but don’t worry, each batch of practice ghee will still be delicious.[/pullquote] Ghee has a stronger flavor than butter, so use it judiciously as you only need a small amount. Thanks to its high smoke point, ghee is a great choice for shallow or deep frying (yes, frying in ghee nullifies any potential health benefits…but the results are spectacular.)
How to Make Ghee at Home
When making ghee, use the absolute best unsalted butter available (if you can find Échiré AOP butter from France I highly recommend the splurge, but any good quality butter will work well.) Making ghee at home isn’t a difficult process, but it does require some trial and error. It may take a few ghee-making attempts to figure out exactly how deeply browned you prefer the milk solids, but don’t worry, each batch of practice ghee will still be delicious.
Yield: About 2 cups of ghee
Ingredients
1 lb unsalted butter, cut into cubes
Special Equipment
Heavy-bottomed saucepan
Large spoon
Mesh sieve
Cheesecloth
Glass jar with lid
Method
Place the cubes of butter in a heavy-bottomed saucepan.
Melt the butter over medium-low heat. You’ll notice that the butter separates into three distinct layers: a layer of solids on the bottom, a middle layer of clarified butter, and a top layer of foam.
Gently simmer the butter for approximately 10 to 15 minutes. Push aside the top layer of foam with a large spoon and look at the milk solids on the bottom of the saucepan. You want them to turn a light brown color. At this point, you can take the melted butter off the heat or you can simmer for another 5 minutes for a deeper color and a more intense flavor.
Remove the saucepan from the heat.
Using a large spoon, scoop off and discard as much of the top layer of foam off as you can. Line a mesh sieve with cheesecloth that has been folded to form several layers and carefully pour the melted butter into a clean glass jar through the sieve (repeat this step if there are any lingering milk solids*.)
Store the jarred ghee in the fridge for up to six months or at room temperature for one month.
*A note on milk solids: Don’t throw these tasty cooked bits away! Deeply nutty in taste and pleasantly chewy, leftover milk solids can be sprinkled onto rice and risotto, mixed into bread dough, or used as a topping for vegetable gratins.
To ghee or not to ghee?
Like any type of fat—and saturated fat especially—ghee should be used sparingly. The purported nutritional and health benefits of ghee are only now being studied despite the fact that Ayurvedic medicine has been ghee’s biggest supporter for thousands of years. It may help to think of ghee as an accent ingredient, meaning you don’t need very much of it to add a noticeable improvement in flavor. Because of its high smoke point and depth of flavor, it’s absolutely worth it to add ghee to your arsenal of cooking oils (not to mention your beauty regimen!).
By now, you’re probably familiar with the ever-popular, incredibly versatile, super nutritious chia seed, which is finding its way into tons of healthy recipes on the internet. And, if you’re old enough, you might remember the catchy 1980s commercial for the Chia Pet, a terracotta-style figurine that sprouted the tiny seed (which you can still purchase in many varieties, by the way). It’s clear that Americans have become somewhat obsessed with these gluten- and nut-free seeds, and not only because they sprout cute plant hair on top of our favorite terracotta characters. The benefits of chia seeds for health abound. “Chia seeds have become known as a superfood, touting the ability to lower blood sugar, cholesterol, improve gut health, and help in appetite suppression and weight loss,” says Jeanette Kimszal, registered dietitian nutritionist. “The promise of these benefits give the food a ‘power,’ leading to consumers wanting to get their hands on these little seeds of hope.” So how did this tiny seed become such a staple in the worlds of nutrition and health, and how you can benefit from consuming chia seeds on a regular basis?
But first, what are chia seeds, exactly?
Also known as Salvia hispanica, chia seeds are tiny seeds that come from a flowering plant in the mint family. The plant grows best in tropical climates and is native to Mexico and Guatemala. Aurora Satler, chef and author of The Ultimate New Mom’s Cookbook, says that they can be used in almost any kind of food, from a vegan egg replacement to an oil, and in energy bars, drinks, and even in chocolate bars and snacks. “With their many health benefits—high in fiber, high in omega-3, high in calcium, and very uncommon as an allergen—chia seeds have fast been touted as a go-to health food,” she says.
The History of the Chia Seed
While we’re only just learning about the impressive abilities of this tiny seed, the plant is actually an ancient crop; the Aztecs planted it as far back as 3500 B.C. as one of their main food sources. “The Aztecs used ground chia seeds in foods like tortillas and tamales, as an ingredient in beverages, in medicinal oils, and in religious ceremonies,” explains Kimszal. “The long shelf life made chia a good food to carry on long trips, giving people energy on the go.”
[pullquote align=”center”]“Chia seeds are a good source of protein and an excellent source of fiber, two nutrients that work together to help keep you fuller for longer.”[/pullquote] Chia remained a staple in Mexican and South American culture for centuries before they were taking over home gardens and adorning terracotta heads in the 1980s. Around the 1990s, American and South American scientists, nutritionists, and agriculturalists started looking at the chia seed for its health benefits and began treating it as a nutritional food crop to add to people’s diets, explains Kimszal.
The Health Benefits of Chia Seeds
We asked experts to share some of the science-backed benefits of chia seeds that deserve our attention.
They’re chock-full of protein and fiber.
You may have heard that chia seeds are a hunger suppressant. While there have been no scientific studies to back up this claim, experts say that the theory can be explained. “Chia seeds are a good source of protein (4 grams per 1 ounce serving) and an excellent source of fiber (11 grams per 1 ounce serving), two nutrients that work together to help keep you fuller for longer,” says Amy Gorin, registered dietitian nutritionist and owner of Amy Gorin Nutrition in the New York City area. “Another reason that chia seeds are filling is because they offer a lot of volume when they expand in liquid to form a gel.” This is what makes them a great ingredient in desserts and breakfasts.
They’re a hydration helper.
Approximately 43 percent of Americans drink less than four cups of water a day, which is four less than the recommended amount, according to a study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. While consuming water the old-fashioned way is best to ensure you’re getting your eight or more cups a day, you can also consume water-rich foods, like chia seeds, which can absorb 10 times their weight in liquid. “This means that when you eat the hydrated seeds in a pudding or gel, you’re also getting the water along with it,” says Frances Largeman-Roth, registered dietitian nutritionist and author of Eating in Color: Delicious, Healthy Recipes for You and Your Family. “This makes chia seeds a great way to stay hydrated, especially when you don’t want to drink a lot of liquids, like before a race or before going to bed.”
They’re packed with calcium.
Chia seeds provide 179 mg ofcalcium in a mere one-ounce serving, which is more than half the amount in an entire glass of milk! “Calcium is needed to help strengthen bones, improve our blood circulation, and keep our muscles contracting and heart beating,” explains Kimszal. “Just one-third cup of chia provides 18 percent of your daily calcium needs, which is important for people who are vegan or lactose-intolerant and might not be getting their fair share.”
They can help athletes decrease their sugar intake.
Onestudy published in The Journal of Strength & Conditioning found that chia loading before endurance events over 90 minutes had the same performance outcomes as carbohydrate loading, which means chia seeds might offer a viable option for athletes to decrease their sugar intake while upping their omega-3s and seeing similar results. “By consuming chia seeds, athletes are also getting the benefits of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the plant form of omega-3,” explains Largeman-Roth. “ALA contains anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective benefits, which help not only athletes, but normally active individuals too.”
Are chia seeds a superfood?
There are no nutritional requirements set by the FDA for a food to be considered “super,” however, there’s no denying that chia seeds fit the common description. “When people think of superfoods, they think of foods that are a good source of many nutrients that are important and essential in our diets, which chia seeds are,” says Julie Andrews, registered dietitian and chef. “Chia seeds are packed with nutrients like omega-3s—and not many plant foods have omega-3 fatty acids—and fiber, which are both very important for maintaining a healthy heart, and fiber is important for digestive health, as well as protein, which builds and repairs tissues in our body.”
[related article_ids=1698] Additionally, as we mentioned, chia seeds contain calcium, which is important for maintaining strong bones. Because of this laundry list of nutrients that chia seeds contain, there’s no reason not to consider them a superfood.
Who are chia seeds good for?
One of the best things about chia seeds is that they’re really ideal for almost anyone, especially since they’re uncommon as an allergen. However, Roger E. Adams, PhD, Houston-based dietitian, nutritionist, and founder of Eat Right Fitness, points out that there are some side effects of chia that must be considered while pregnant. “While specific research into chia and pregnancy is scant, pregnant women should carefully monitor how much they have (probably well under two tablespoons per day) and keep a check on their blood pressure throughout their pregnancy,” he adds.
[pullquote align=”center”]“If someone is eating a low-fiber diet, they will not be able to handle much chia in the beginning without experiencing gastrointestinal issues.”[/pullquote] Like anything else, munch on chia seeds in moderation, as too much chia can lead to drops in blood pressure that may be dangerous, especially during pregnancy. Chia seeds also might increase the risk of bleeding in pregnant women. “Both of these are primarily due to chia’s concentrated source of omega-3,” explains Adams. Additionally, as with any high-fiber food, he adds that the risk of nutrient malabsorption must be considered when consuming chia, as high amounts of fiber at one time may prevent certain nutrients, mainly iron and calcium, from being absorbed. Adams recommends eating no more than 1.5 to 2 tablespoons a day, however, this suggestion may change depending on an individual’s size and existing diet. “If someone is eating a low-fiber diet, they will not be able to handle much chia in the beginning without experiencing gastrointestinal issues,” he says. He suggests that beginners start slow and spread out their intake throughout the day.
How to Incorporate Chia Seeds Into Your Diet
Since chia seeds are gluten-, nut-, and dairy-free, they’re incredibly easy to incorporate into almost any food philosophy. You can also consume them raw or cooked. “When consumed raw, the chia retains all of its omega-3, and you reap more benefits from it; however, the protein in raw chia is not as bioavailable so may be poorly digested and absorbed,” says Adams. He recommends using both raw and toasted cooking methods to reap the most nutritional benefits. However, if gastrointestinal issues are a concern, then toasting should be your primary option. When purchasing chia seeds on your own, choosing organic versus conventional is not super important, as Andrews says that the seeds are pretty much the same. Still, many people choose organic versions just to be safe. You can buy them online or at the grocery store. “Oftentimes grocery stores have chia seeds in the bulk section, and those tend to be cheaper, plus you can choose how much you want to buy,” adds Andrews. But remember, a little goes a long way as far as nutrition is concerned. Due to the impressive health benefits of chia seeds, many health-conscious recipes that contain these little nutrient powerhouses are available online. Some of Andrews’ favorites include overnight oats, chia seed pudding, and chia seed jam.
It’s fair to say that collagen is in the spotlight.
Collagen peptides are flying off the shelves. Travel-size pouches of this tasteless, dissolvable powder can be found in gym bags and purses all around the world. If you wish, you can have bone broth shipped directly to your front door or pick it up in the cooler section of many grocery stores.
If you’re puzzled by the sudden increase in attention on collagen lately, join the club. We’ve found ourselves curious about these emerging supplements. Can collagen-supporting products keep you looking younger and improve your overall health? Or are they simply a chance to make money off impressionable health-minded consumers?
Understanding Collagen
Collagen is a protein that has many jobs in the human body. For starters, collagen serves as connective tissue for bones, skin, muscles, and more. It also plays a role in the blood clotting process and keeps skin looking young by giving it elasticity.
It’s the most plentiful protein found in animals and humans, with at least 16 existing types of it, according to research published in Molecular Cell Biology. Types I, II, and III, though, account for between 80 and 90 percent of the collagen present in our bodies.
One of collagen’s primary responsibilities is forming support systems for the body. Without it, muscles, tendons, bones, skin, organs, and blood vessels simply wouldn’t have the elasticity or strength they need to do their jobs.
Along with chondrocytes, proteoglycan, and elastin, collagen is one of the four substances that make up the cartilage in your joints. Cartilage, of course, acts as a padding between bones, reducing friction between them and absorbing shock—collagen keeps that cartilage strong.
Our bodies naturally produce collagen from the nutrients we consume. The production process, like that of most proteins, requires ample amino acids, particularly glycine and proline. In order to turn these amino acids into collagen, our bodies also need vitamin C.
If you’re eating a well-balanced diet, the body will have everything it needs to make collagen, according to board-certified dermatologist Janet Prystowsky, MD, PhD. But as our bodies age, it’s normal for collagen production to slow down. The collagen we do have often breaks down during the aging process, as well. Fear of this process leads some people to turn to collagen supplementation—more on that later.
Signs Your Collagen Production Has Slowed Down
Aging bodies produce less collagen and might exhibit one, or all, of these telltale signs or symptoms that collagen breakdown is taking place.
When the breakdown of collagen occurs, skin elasticity decreases. This causes the skin to sag, according to Prystowsky, and when you press on it, it won’t bounce back. It also leads to some skin wrinkling with age.
When you’re experiencing collagen breakdown, your joints can also suffer, according to Luiza Petre, MD, a board-certified cardiologist and weight management specialist. “You will experience lack of joint stability, joint stiffness, and pain,” she says, adding that achy and sore muscles also come with the territory.
Petre says collagen breakdown and slowed collagen production are also associated with thinning of hair and gum recession. One 2009 study even linked collagen degradation with the inflammation that occurs from periodontal disease. It is important to note that things like gum recession and thinning hair aren’t exclusive to collagen breakdown, but collagen breakdown can play a role in these processes.
While some collagen breakdown is normal, it is important to help your body create the collagen it needs to keep you strong and healthy. Aside from supplements and powders, there are some foods you can eat to foster your body’s natural collagen production.
Supporting Collagen Production
The body needs certain nutrients to keep up with collagen synthesis, and whole foods are the best way to give the body what it needs.
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Amino acids are essential to the collagen production process. Because amino acids are the building blocks of proteins your body needs, foods high in protein will help you get plenty of these nutrients. No matter your tastes or dietary preferences, there’s a protein-rich food for you; you can get amino acids from meat and seafood as well as plant-based protein sources like legumes.
Cabbage, kale, cauliflower, and spinach are among the many vegetable sources of amino acids. Fruits like apricots, bananas, and goji berries also contain amino acids.
The body needs vitamin C to complete the collagen production process. Vitamin C is plentiful in brightly colored fruits and vegetables, including citrus fruits, berries, avocados, and leafy greens.
Additionally, zinc aids in collagen production, according to Petre. She recommends getting zinc from wild-caught salmon. Vegans and vegetarians can obtain zinc from legumes and oats or vegetables like spinach, mushrooms, and asparagus.
Petre is also a huge advocate of including greens in your diet for another collagen-boosting nutrient.
“Greens such as broccoli, bok choy, green beans, arugula, lettuce, green algae, and kale have chlorophyll, which gives plants their color,” she explains. “Studies show that consuming chlorophyll increases the procollagen.”
The Great Collagen Debate
Once we start talking about collagen supplementation and nutrition for collagen production, things get a little controversial. In our research, we learned there is much debate about the benefits of ingesting collagen supplements.
“Your body needs collagen, but you actually make it on your own, so most of us don’t actually need to be adding collagen powder to your foods or taking it as a supplement,” Nicole Osinga, a registered dietitian, toldReader’s Digest.
Prystowsky agrees. She says collagen supplementation doesn’t make sense given what we know about the body. She explains that ingesting collagen doesn’t really translate to more collagen in the body because ingested collagen will be broken down into individual amino acids during digestion. Those amino acids will be absorbed and used by the body for various processes, including the production of collagen.
On the flip side, Petre advocates for ingestion of bioavailable versions of collagen, or collagen that is most quickly used by the body.
“The best [diet addition that gives] collagen supplies a boost is bone broth,” she says. “It contains a form of collagen that is bioavailable that your body uses immediately.”
If you want to make your own at home, we’ve covered the benefits of and (the recipe for) bone broth before.
Our experts’ differences in opinion are fairly representative of the opinions that exist about collagen supplementation in the medical and nutrition world. Many believe there are no benefits; others see the potential. Research is still ongoing.
On the pro-supplementation side of the debate: One 2014 study published in the journal Skin Pharmacology and Physiologyfound evidence that collagen peptides supplementation is associated with greater skin elasticity. And in a 2015 study published in The British Journal of Nutrition, researchers reported improved muscle strength in men who took collagen peptides during strength training compared to those who took a placebo.
The good news is that there isn’t any evidence to suggest collagen supplements are bad for you—yet. Unfortunately, most research is in the early stages. Studies have been small in scope or short in duration. More research is needed before we can say with certainty that collagen supplementation helps.
However, the supplements probably aren’t dangerous. While they may cause mild side effects, as any supplement has the potential to do, and they aren’t subject to FDA review, they are more than likely safe. As for their level of overall usefulness, well, that’s still up for debate.
If you’re interested in finding out more, we’ve covered this subject more extensively in our guide to collagen powder.
Living a Collagen-Friendly Lifestyle
No matter what side of the collagen debate you find yourself on, it’s pertinent to point out that there are proven ways to support the collagen already in your body. In addition to supporting collagen production, there are things you should avoid in order to slow down the deterioration of existing collagen in your body.
Collagen breakdown is accelerated by excessive consumption of sugar and refined carbs, according to research published by the journal Clinical Dermatology. Sugar and refined carbohydrates are best consumed in moderation.
Protecting your skin from the sun is essential to avoiding collagen breakdown. We know sun-damaged skin ages more quickly, and research published in the journal Antioxidantsexplains that UV rays actually reduce the amount of collagen in the body. If you want to prevent the breakdown of your body’s precious collagen supply, wear sunscreen and cover up with protective clothing any time you’ll be in the sun.
Smoking also slows down production of collagen, according to a study in the British Journal of Dermatology. Knowing this, along with the many other serious side effects of smoking, get support from friends and family, seek out medical assistance, or join a cessation program to give up this addictive habit for good.
Of course, we’re not suggesting you shouldn’t supplement—that’s up to you and your healthcare provider to decide. What we are suggesting is that you begin by living a collagen-friendly lifestyle.
Practice good nutrition, eat plenty of colorful vegetables, and include protein sources high in amino acids in your diet. Give up on harmful habits, and slather yourself in sunscreen any time you’ll be in the sun. We know these things will support the production of collagen in your body, so we think they’re a great place to start.
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