Tag: care

As a child, I loved to cook. After my parents gave me an American Girl cookbook for Christmas one year, cooking quickly became a favorite hobby of mine. By the time I was ten, I was able to cook a few favorite meals for my family—and a whole lot of baked goods.
As fun as it was for me, I think the cookbook was a gift my mom grew to regret. I may have been a good cook, but I was a messy one, too. I would leave flour scattered across the floor, stain my clothes, and always managed to break a plate or a glass.
Not a lot has changed in the time since. I’m great with food prep, but I always manage to trash my kitchen in the process. My walls are perpetually splattered with tomato sauce or bacon grease, and most of my t-shirts are littered with stains. Neatness simply isn’t my strong suit, to say the least.

I have, however, been working on this fault of mine. I eventually realized that my failure to clean as I go (and my propensity for being excessively messy) was creating extra work for me. I was spending way, way too much time trying to make up for the disasters I’d created while cooking a simple dinner. Cleaning may not be my strongest skill, but I’m learning from some fellow moms, and a few experts cleaners, that it doesn’t have to be complicated.

If the same messes and stains are continually getting to you, there might be a hack to make your life simpler. Need help, say, getting smells out of tupperware or scraping baked-on food from the microwave? Check out these genius hacks before throwing in the towel.

First, don’t throw that GladWare away.

I have to admit, I’ve thrown away an embarrassing amount of tupperware simply because they stunk—they stinky things were forgotten in the back of the fridge or left in a lunch bag over the weekend. But it turns out stained and smelly containers don’t have to be tossed.

“Baking soda, ammonia, vinegar, and bleach are the four things you need to pretty much clean anything,” says Judy Woodward Bates—an author, speaker, and TV personality known as the Bargainomics Lady—who struggles with stinky tupperware no more. “Make a paste of baking soda and water and rub [it] onto stained plasticware, and let it stand for a few minutes before scrubbing and rinsing.”

A Non-Toxic Approach to Microwave Messes

Many people opt to avoid cleaning products in their microwave because of the fumes they can create if any cleaning product is left behind. But without the help of products, cleaning a microwave can be totally tedious, especially with all that food baked on.
This trick from Jeanne Eschenberg Sager, mother and self-professed “queen of doing as little as possible,” uses natural ingredients to get stubborn messes out of the inside of her microwave.

“Fill a cup with a mixture of water and lemon juice,” she instructs. “Pop it in the microwave and let it ‘cook’ for a minute. It will loosen all the baked on gunk … in the microwave, so you don’t have to scrub at all. You can just wipe it right down!”

Don’t Despair Over Drink Spills

Nearly every time I host a dinner party or family get together, some dark beverage ends up all over my living room floor. There’s no need to rearrange furniture to cover up these stains. Home designer and creator of a machine-washable rug Lorena Canals has a few genius stain-removing hacks up her sleeve.

For fruit-based juices, she advises starting with quickly soaking up as much of the spill as you can to avoid it soaking into the fibers of the carpet. Avoid scrubbing. Then, mix half a cup of hydrogen peroxide, half a cup of water, and one teaspoon of dish soap together to create a stain fighting solution.
“Using a clean sponge or cloth towel, gently blot this mixture onto the carpet … ,” she says. “Using a clean, dry, white cloth towel, gently blot … .”
Repeat the last two steps until the stain is completely gone.

Coffee is another drink that can cause stubborn stains when spilled on rugs and carpet. Canals recommends beginning by drying the spilled coffee with a dry, white towel. Then, mix a fourth cup of vinegar with a quart of warm water. Spritz the mixture on the stain, rinse, and repeat until the stain is gone.

Rescue Your Favorite Coffee Mug

When you have three kids in four years like I did, coffee becomes the beverage of choice. Unfortunately, I often neglect my favorite mug overnight, and I’ve even left it in the car over the weekend.

But see, I’ve found a couple different hacks that are perfect for dealing with stubborn tea or coffee stains. My first method of attack is a paste made from lemon juice and baking soda. I scrub it on, wipe it off, and rinse the cups clean.
If there is still a ring or stain in the cup, I fill the cup past the stain with undiluted vinegar, leave it overnight, and rinse it clean in the morning.

Set Yourself Free From Fingerprints

Stainless steel faucets are really hard to get—and keep—clean in most kitchens. Even after a good scrub, they start to show fingerprints after just a few uses. Fell fingerprints and water stains with this hack from Joanna Douglas, the owner of Clean Affinity, a home cleaning service in Portland, Oregon.

“For cleaning faucets and other pipes, we use waxed paper. This method gets rid of fingerprints and small stains,” she explains.

Rid Your Clothes of Cooking Stains

I’m the worst about remembering to wear my apron while I’m cooking, which means I’m regularly battling stains on my clothes. When it comes to most stains, Douglas says that a mixture of dishwashing soap and salt will easily remove the stain in less than five minutes.

For more serious stains, or stains that have been ignored for a bit too long, Lauren Haynes, supervisor at Star Domestic Cleaners, has a few tried and true hacks her company uses.
For butter stains, for instance, you should always begin by scraping, not scrubbing, as much of the butter as possible off of the clothing. Then, rub the spot with dishwashing soap, rinse, and repeat until all of the butter and soap are gone. Before washing the clothing, pretreat the stain with a stain remover and wash on the hottest setting.

“For gravy and ketchup stains, begin with removing the excess material and blot with a clean, white cloth,” she says. “Then mix two cups of cool water with a tablespoon of liquid dishwashing detergent. Apply the solution to a white cloth, and blot [the spot] until the liquid is absorbed. If necessary, repeat the process until the spot is gone. To remove the remaining cleaning solution, blot the area again with another cloth rinsed in cool water. At the end, blot dry, and you are done.”

Scrub Away Soap Scum

The tile, sinks, and faucets often become problem areas in kitchens because of soap scum and residue.
It’s a special kind of frustrating—soap is the chosen one! It was said that it would destroy the scum, not join it; bring cleanliness to the sink, not leave it in filth.

Fortunately, you don’t need a store-bought solution to get rid of soap scum. Simply create a paste from one cup of baking soda and a few tablespoons of vinegar. Apply this paste to areas with soap residue, and use a sponge to scrub away.

Never Dust Cabinet Tops Again

Early this year, I painted our kitchen a fresh coat of white. Climbing the counters to paint hard to reach areas, I was horrified to find a thick layer of dust settled in the space between the top of my cabinets and the ceiling. It was the biggest pain to clean up, taking several rags just to get the top layer of dust and dirt wiped away. I wish I had spoken with Woodward years ago, when we first moved into this home.

“If you have kitchen cabinets that don’t go all the way to the ceiling, cut or fold newspaper to cover the tops of the cabinets,” she suggests. “Instead of spending ages cleaning built-up gunk off your cabinets, just change out the paper from time to time.”

Stop Wiping Away Toast Crumbs

If your toaster leaves a sprinkle of toast crumbs on your counter every morning, it’s probably time for a deep clean of this kitchen appliance. I’m embarrassed to say that, until just recently, I had no clue that there was a “right” way to clean out a toaster.

As it turns out, each toaster has spring loaded trays on the bottom that can be completely removed. These trays catch most of the crumbs. Once you’ve unplugged your toaster, you can remove them, dump them, and give them a good soak in soap and water.
Oh, and before putting it back together, use a pastry brush to free crumbs trapped in other areas of the toaster, and wipe the toaster down with vinegar for good measure.
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Catherine, 62, first began experiencing perimenopause, or the span of time when a woman’s body transitions out of its reproductive years, when she was in her early forties.

During perimenopause, a woman’s estrogen levels rise and fall irregularly, which can produce signs that the body is entering a new season of life: For Catherine, the early signal her body gave was irregular menstrual periods.

“I never knew when I would get my period,” she says. “It was challenging because it would catch me off guard, and my period would show up when I was unprepared to deal with it. I finally started carrying tampons with me at all times so I could deal with ‘surprise’ periods.”
In addition to an unpredictable menstrual cycle, Catherine encountered extreme hot flashes, both in the daytime and nighttime: “The night sweats [were] so severe that I would have to change my pajamas two to three times during the night because they would be so wet.”

By the time Catherine’s symptoms ceased, she had endured them for 10 years, which she acknowledges was unexpected. “I started perimenopause in my early forties, and by the time the hot flashes finally stopped, I was in my fifties,” she says.
Due to a family history of cardiac issues and breast cancer, Catherine chose not to pursue any treatments—like hormone replacement therapy—to manage her symptoms throughout menopause.

So, is it necessary for women to struggle with menopausal symptoms for years on end?

Menopause is a fact of life, yet many women feel unprepared or misinformed about the shifts their bodies will encounter as they move through this life change. They’ve heard the less-than-favorable remarks regarding menopause, though, which can make this natural rite of passage sound like a terrible experience.

Below, we’ll take a more detailed look at menopause, its symptoms, and ways women can thrive during this transitional time in their lives.

Menopause Explained—and Some Signs and Symptoms

Megan Schmitt is a board-certified OB/GYN and an associate professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Minnesota. Schmitt provides the following explanation of menopause: “Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation that occurs after the loss of ovarian activity. Basically, the ovaries stop the production of estrogen and progesterone—two main female hormones—to [below] the amount that it takes to prepare an egg and ovulate every month.”
“To reach this definition,” she clarifies, “a woman has to have a lack of periods for 12 calendar months.”
Yet symptoms associated with this transition appear much earlier than the twelfth month of no periods—often seven years prior, reports the National Institute on Aging, but occasionally up to 14.

On the stages of menopause, Schmitt notes:

• In the United States, the average age of menopause is around 51, but the age of onset can vary widely among women.
• The symptom-laden time interval before the complete cessation of periods, as noted earlier, is called “perimenopause,” or the menopause transition. (The time after menopause, naturally, is called “postmenopause.”)
• The duration and severity of symptoms during the stages of menopause are different for each woman.

When entering perimenopause, Schmitt says, “It is the fluctuation of hormone levels and decreasing estrogen levels that causes the physiologic changes and the clinical symptoms.” These symptoms can include:

• Hot flashes
• Night sweats
• Irregular periods
• Itching and dryness
• Pain during intimacy
• Weight changes
• Sleep changes (due to night sweating)
• Mental changes

Additionally, the Mayo Clinic reports that woman may experience a slower metabolism, thinning hair, dry skin, a decrease in the fullness of breasts, and urinary incontinence throughout the menopause transition.

Rebecca’s Story

Rebecca, 48, was in her early forties when she experienced the first signs her body was undergoing a significant change. She began having hot flashes, and after seeing a specialist in gynecology/endocrinology, he confirmed she was perimenopausal.

In the years that followed, Rebecca says she developed night sweats, anxiety, depression, mood swings, bouts of confusion, irregular periods, food cravings, trouble sleeping, and weight gain.
Rebecca has sought assistance for her symptoms by trying hormone replacement therapy and increasing her antidepressant dosage. She hopes these treatments will bring her relief as she navigates the uncharted waters of menopause, but she fears these options may not be enough for her to feel in control of this time in her life.

In reality, many women struggle with a whole host of undesirable symptoms as they approach and go through menopause. But what treatment options are available to support women, emotionally and physically, and make the second stage of their lives equal to or better than the first?

Ways to Reduce Symptoms

“Many women come to their routine yearly exam and say, ‘I want to talk about hot flashes [because they are] really bad,’” says Schmitt. She notes that many women are not aware of just how common their symptoms are.

Yet no two women experience the stages of menopause in the same way. And because it is such a crucial and broad issue, Schmitt suggests that women make an additional appointment with their healthcare providers to discuss any uncertainties they have. Then, the provider can better understand their concerns and make the appropriate treatment recommendations.

While it’s important to discuss your specific set of symptoms with your doctor, the following are non-hormonal possibilities that may warrant some consideration when looking to ease the transition from peri- to postmenopausal:

• Phytoestrogens: These are plant-derived substances with estrogen-like effects. Examples of phytoestrogens include soybeans, soy products, red clover, flax seeds, and yams. Schmitt says these foods, especially soy products, are popular choices for women because people who consume them tend to have fewer hot flashes.
• Herbal Remedies: There are many herbal remedies on the market, but some of the more common supplements used to reduce the symptoms of menopause include black cohosh, ginseng, St. John’s wort, and ginkgo biloba. “We do not recommend some of these herbal supplements for women on blood thinners,” Schmitt cautions, “as it can increase the risk of bleeding.” These remedies should also not be used to treat depression.
• Treatments for dryness/itching: During menopause, it’s not uncommon for women to experience symptoms like dryness, itching, and pain during intimacy. Localized moisturizers, Schmitt says, can help restore moisture to the tissues.

Though the above treatments can be obtained without prescriptions, note, again, that you should always consult your doctor before using them. They shouldn’t replace your doctor’s recommended treatment, though they may be able to supplement it and further increase your quality of life.

In addition, women may want to incorporate the following:

• Lifestyle changes: Schmitt suggests that some lifestyle changes which may help women control their fluctuating body temperatures. Those changes include wearing layered clothing, decreasing the room temperature, and consuming cool beverages. Additionally, she recommends avoiding caffeine, as it’s associated with the increased severity and frequency of hot flashes.
• Exercise: Many women notice improvements in their symptoms when they add cardiovascular exercise and weight training to their workouts. Plus, weight training increases lean muscle mass, which can reduce weight changes associated with menopause. Additionally, introducing meditation and other relaxation exercises can reduce the occurrence of hot flashes.
• Non-hormonal prescription medications: In some instances, women find success using non-hormonal medications to mitigate the vasomotor (hot flashes, night sweats) symptoms of menopause. These medications include many antidepressants and the anti-seizure medication called gabapentin. Never take these medications without a prescription, and even then, make sure your doctor knows you’re using them to mitigate vasomotor symptoms.

On Hormone Replacement Therapy

The topic of HRT is vast. Many studies show a relationship between extended HRT and breast cancer, according to research in Obstetrics & Gynecology. Schmitt, though, notes (and The American College of Gynecologists & Obstetricians would agree) that it’s an effective treatment for hot flashes, night sweats, osteoporosis, and dryness/itching.

“Systemic therapy, with estrogen alone or in combination with progesterone, is the most effective therapy for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms,” Schmitt says, though hormones “should not be used for the prevention of heart disease or strokes.”
“The goal is to use the lowest amount of hormones to control symptoms for the shortest duration of time,” she adds. “HRT is a very safe and effective treatment when initiated at the time of menopause for the treatment of symptoms.”

When used under the guidance of a knowledgeable practitioner, HRT can be a valuable tool for women to feel their best. But it needs to be tailored to each woman and at the lowest possible dose to achieve the desired outcomes. Talk with your doctor regarding the benefits and risks of taking HRT.

“I hear a [certain] quote from patients on a daily basis,” Schmitt says.

“‘There’s a lot about aging that people don’t tell you!’ [So] it is important for women to not only talk about these issues with each other but also with their healthcare professionals.”

“Most women feel uncomfortable discussing [the symptoms of] menopause,” she continues, “but these are common issues, and treatment can improve women’s personal lives tremendously if they have the confidence to discuss these issues with their doctors.”

While the cold shower is long-known for its libido-stymieing properties, the topic of voluntarily lowering the temperature of your water has recently become, well, hot.
It seems that everyone from YouTubers to health bloggers, and even perhaps someone you live with, is testing the benefits of cold showers. Considering all of the acclaim it has received, it’s difficult not to jump in on this trend.
However, we’d be remiss if we forget the fact that it is a cold shower. Instead of spending a few minutes of your day basking in hot water and letting your cares slip away, you’ll be freezing, probably shivering, and cursing the water that’s traipsing around on your skin.

But are the benefits worth the terror? Here we examine if, just like champagne, showers are better on ice.

Hair and Skin Benefits

Cold water showers can make you glow so hard that J. Lo will be jealous. From its color-complementing abilities to its cuticle-calming charm, even harmed hair can get a heavenly helping from some hardly-heated H2O. And your skin can get a heaping of this help with a dash of cold to remedy some cold-weather woes.

Forget what you’ve heard, your hair likes it cold.

Looking to get your hair luscious, smooth, and fabulous enough to star in its own shampoo commercial? If so, taking a cold shower may be your ticket to stardom.

You may not have known this, but your hair loves cold water. It has a thing for the way the chilly liquid wraps itself around each strand, leaving it close to frozen. But it’s not because your hair secretly wants to be a polar bear; your hair likes cold water because of how it makes it look.
Cold water flattens ruffled cuticles—the outermost part of the hair shaft—and seals them, helping to keep in moisture. The result is hair that looks smooth, shiny, and healthy. And since warm water helps the cuticle to open, which allows the shampoo and conditioner to do their jobs, it’s a good idea to give your coif a final rinse with some cool water.

You’ll come out of the shower feeling a little more chilly than usual, but one step closer to landing a prestigious hair modeling contract. Well, maybe not, but it will still look pretty dang luxurious.

Cold water knows that color that good isn’t meant to fade.

Those who dye their hair have a love/hate relationship with warm water. Although it does a fantastic job of removing buildup and other material that can make your hair color look less than vibrant, it can also suck the hue right out of it. So along with your gorgeous color going down the drain, so will the money you spent on getting it to look that way.

Instead of using color-fading warm water, go for the cold, says long-time hair dye enthusiast Macey Milstead.
“Whenever any water touches my hair, it has got to be cold—and I mean freezing cold,” says the stay-at-home mother of two. “This prolongs the vibrant, unnatural colors I dye my hair with.”
Milstead has long been a fan of bright and bold shades and finds that certain colors are more difficult to maintain than others.

“Currently, I am a hot pink beauty,” the Atlanta resident says of her hair. “It is one of the fastest fading colors. If I use hot water, the colors bleed so fast. If I use cold, the water comes out virtually clear when rinsed.”
The chilly water also helps to keep her hair shiny and reduces the amount of damage it endures, says Milstead.

Cool water can stop your skin from being so extra and just chill out already.

If the idea of freezing cold water against your skin doesn’t exactly make you feel warm and cozy, you’re not alone. After all, the point of taking a shower is to be comfortable and surrounded by all that steamy goodness. But no matter how amazing that warm water feels, it’s not doing your skin any favors.

As our external barrier breaks down, the skin becomes more prone to irritation.

“Hot water tends to strip natural skin oils and moisturizing factors from the out layer (epidermis) of the skin,” says Tyler Hollmig, MD, director of Laser and Aesthetic Dermatology at Stanford Health Care. “After the hot shower water evaporates, the skin is left dry, flaky, and is prone to rashes and irritation. This is one of the major reasons that eczema often flares during the winter.”
But eczema sufferers aren’t the only ones who experience issues while using warm or hot water when bathing: Just about everyone is affected.
“A colder, drier ambient climate, coupled with the temptation to take a long, hot shower, reduces the skin’s ability to keep itself fit and moist,” says Hollmig. “As our external barrier breaks down, the skin becomes more prone to irritation.”

Instead, Hollmig recommends taking lukewarm or cold showers for 10 minutes or less, as the cooler water temperature is less likely to damage the skin’s external layers. And skip heavy-duty exfoliants and aggressive use of the loofah, as well. Although they work well at removing dead skin, they can wreak havoc on healthy skin, too.

Psychological Benefits

It may sound crazy, but taking a cold shower is thought to come with psychological benefits.

Bye, bye, blues.

After a long, hard day, one of the most enjoyable and relaxing activities a person can partake in is a nice, steamy shower or bath. But if you’re washing yourself with warm water, you might not just be washing away some stress.

The bad news is depression affects more than 16 million American adults each year according to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America. The good news, however, is that taking a cold shower may decrease the symptoms.
According to a study published in Medical Hypotheses, cold showers can provide anti-depressive properties because of the effect they have on the sympathetic nervous system and the chemicals that are released in the brain during the shower. And because of the cold receptors in the skin, the icy water will send electrical impulses from the peripheral nerve endings to the brain. This feeling, says the study, may counteract depression.

Who needs coffee?

Sure, warm showers in the morning feel good, but are they good for your energy level? Warm and relaxing showers cause you to do just that: relax. The steamy water makes your brain and body think it’s time to snuggle up and get your chill on (not temperature-wise). But when you’re just waking up, this is likely the opposite of what you want, as a relaxed body is more inclined to hop back into bed than to take the day on with guns blazing.

Cool or cold showers can be invigorating by releasing endorphins and increasing heart rate …

That shocking little wake-up call of cold water will cause your body to experience an adrenaline rush, which can result in an energy boost. And it can leave you feeling good, too, says Catherine Forest, MD, family medicine physician at Stanford Health Care.

“Cool or cold showers can be invigorating by releasing endorphins and increasing heart rate,” she says, “which some people find appealing.”
So, the next time you’re contemplating sleeping in and potentially losing your job, hop in a chilly shower instead.

Overall Health Benefits

Cold showers aren’t just good for your hair, skin, and mind. They can also improve the wellness of your entire body.

Your body + cold water = a match made in circulation heaven.

Having good circulation in your body means you’re getting enough blood, oxygen, and nutrients to all of your organs. When things aren’t running as well as they could, you may experience tingling, pain, muscle cramps, and numbness, which is a sign that certain parts of your body aren’t getting the amount of blood they need to perform optimally.

Cold or coolness can decrease inflammation from injury … by increasing blood flow in the body as a whole.

These issues, however, aren’t anything a blast of cold water can’t fix, or at least possibly improve. Poor circulation is actually a symptom of something else going on in your body. In order to completely eliminate poor circulation, you’ll need to find out the underlying cause. But until then, cool water on the skin may do the trick.
Treating yourself to a cold shower causes blood to surround your organs, which may improve your health. It also helps your arteries pump blood more efficiently, which is good for your heart and the rest of your body, as well. Cold showers may also help with inflammation and injury.
“Cold or coolness can decrease inflammation from injury—although site-specific cold’s usually recommended—or by increasing blood flow in the body as a whole,” says Forest.

Wash away excess weight.

And if cold showers haven’t already worked their way into your heart, this might do it: These potentially uncomfortable plunges may help you lose weight.
Oh yes, shivering in the shower can stimulate weight loss, but it’s not because of the teeth-chattering cardio you’ll endure. It’s because of your new best friend, otherwise known as brown fat.
Your body contains two types of fat: white fat and brown fat. White fat takes up real estate in your body when you take in more calories than you burn. It’s responsible for making your clothes feel too tight and problem areas on your thighs, neck, waist, stomach, and arms. Basically, it’s the bad fat.

Fortunately, there’s someone else in your body who wants to kick that white fat to the curb: brown fat. Just like with cholesterol, fat has a good form and a bad form. Brown fat is the good form, as it insulates your body. And just like goose bumps, this fat is activated by exposure to cold temperatures. This means that spending time under cold cascading water can encourage healthy fat to form.

Want to take the plunge?

Although we’d like to tell you that jumping straight into a bone-chilling shower is going to be a cake walk, we can’t if we’re being honest. If you’re not a “jump in and get it over with” kind of person, start by ending your wash with a short little blast, and increase the torture, er, time, with each shower.

Yes, it will probably be shocking, and yes, there’s a chance you may hate every second of it. But when you experience the potential health benefits that spending just a little part of your day colder than you care to admit can have, you will likely think it’s worth it.

Bill Gates recently announced he will invest $100 million to help find a cure for Alzheimer’s disease. The degenerative brain disease has struck several men in the billionaire tycoon’s family, as well as around 5.5 million Americans.

“My family history isn’t the sole reason behind my interest in Alzheimer’s,” Gates wrote in his personal blog. “But my personal experience has exposed me to how hopeless it feels when you or a loved one gets the disease. We’ve seen scientific innovation turn once-guaranteed killers like HIV into chronic illnesses that can be held in check with medication. I believe we can do the same (or better) with Alzheimer’s.”

As such, Gates is dropping half of the massive amount of dough into the Dementia Discovery Fund, a private group that is working on identifying new targets for treatments and attempting to “diversify the clinical pipeline.” The other $50 million is going to start-ups working on Alzheimer’s treatments.

“There are plenty of reasons to be optimistic about our chances: our understanding of the brain and the disease is advancing a great deal,” he wrote. “We’re already making progress—but we need to do more.”

Alzheimer’s is categorized into three types: early-onset, late-onset, and familial. More is known about late-onset and familial Alzheimer’s, although 13 percent of early-onset cases are familial. Early-onset occurs in people who are younger than 65 and is rare, accounting for only about 5 percent of the Alzheimer’s population. Those with early-onset also experience more of the brain changes that come with Alzheimer’s than those who develop it later on in life do.

Alzheimer’s Disease 101

Alzheimer’s disease is most commonly known for its devastating ability to wipe out the memory of those who have it. Over time, however, it will also damage the person’s thinking skills, leaving them unable to perform even the simplest tasks.

Discovered in 1906 by Dr. Alois Alzheimer, the condition also creates significant changes in a person’s brain.

“Two abnormalities central to the disease are plaques and tangles,” says Heather M. Snyder, PhD and Senior Director of Medical and Scientific Operations at the Alzheimer’s Association.

“Plaques are formed by clumps of beta-amyloid protein that interfere with cell-to-cell communication in the brain. Tangles occur when tau protein in the brain—a key component in the brain’s transport system—twist into abnormal tangles, disrupting delivery of nutrients and other essential materials within the brain.”

“Researchers are working to better understand the precise role plaques and tangles play in the disease and how to prevent or slow their development.”

The damage begins in the hippocampus, the part of the brain that is responsible for holding onto memories. Over time, and as more neurons die, other parts of the brain are affected. Eventually, the brain can experience significant shrinkage and prevent people from engaging in simple tasks like eating.

Although it is listed as the sixth leading cause of death in Americans, the disease isn’t usually what kills. Rather, the complications that come with the disease are thought to cause death. For example, a person who is bedridden because of Alzheimer’s may develop a fatal blood clot. Weight loss and other complications can result in a weakened immune system, which can lead to problems that may end in death.

Symptoms of Early-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s is the most common type of dementia, a syndrome that includes a combination of memory loss and the inability to perform simple tasks that is so significant it affects a person’s daily life. Alzheimer’s disease accounts for 60 to 80 percent of all dementia cases.

Early-onset Alzheimer’s differs from late-onset and familial in that it typically appears when a person is in their forties or fifties, as opposed to when they’re 65. And although memory loss and confusion happen to even the healthiest brains from time to time, it’s worrisome when it happens progressively more than usual.

But it’s more than forgetfulness that is a cause for concern.

Other symptoms of early-onset Alzheimer’s include trouble with time and place, difficulty completing familiar tasks, challenges in planning and problem solving, trouble speaking, misplacing things, withdrawal, and decreased or poor judgment.

Who gets Alzheimer’s?

Unfortunately, when it comes to Alzheimer’s, just about everyone is game. However, genetics do play a factor. Your chances of getting Alzheimer’s, either early-onset or late-onset, are increased if you have a parent or sibling who is affected, says Snyder.

Familial Alzheimer’s, however, is a whole different ball of wa
x. Just like early-onset, familial Alzheimer’s is rare, affecting only about 2 percent of the Alzheimer’s population. It is the result of a mutation that affects one to three genes that are known to aid in the development of Alzheimer’s: PSEN1, PSEN2, and AAP. Those who have relatives with familial Alzheimer’s are just about guaranteed to inherit the condition, as well.

Alzheimer’s is also more prevalent in certain groups, and researchers aren’t sure why that is.

“Current estimates indicate that African Americans are twice as likely to develop the disease,” Snyder says. “Hispanics are one-and-one-half times as likely. People living with Down’s syndrome are at higher risk, and two-thirds of Americans with Alzheimer’s are women.”

Researchers are currently examining what mechanisms and underlying biology may be contributing to why the disease targets certain people, including genetics, and variations in health, lifestyle and environmental risk factors, she says.

Is genetic testing worth it?

Since medical professionals have identified which genes affect Alzheimer’s, it makes sense to wonder if genetic testing to determine if you will develop the disease is beneficial. The problem is that the tests don’t provide a definitive answer, says Snyder.

“Unless a person has familial Alzheimer’s that guarantees Alzheimer’s (2 percent or fewer of all cases), a genetic test will only indicate if someone is at greater or lower risk for the disease,” she says. “The Alzheimer’s Association cautions against routine genetic testing for Alzheimer’s disease risk until an individual has received proper counseling and understands the information necessary to make an informed decision, including the social and economic factors that could be impacted by having this genetic information.”

In other words, you’ll need to ask yourself if finding out that you might have a greater chance of developing Alzheimer’s than the next guy does is worth the effect it may have on your life. Since you won’t receive a definite answer of whether or not you’ll have the condition, it may not be worth the what-ifs you’ll likely experience after receiving the results.

After the Diagnosis

Receiving a late-onset Alzheimer’s diagnosis isn’t a walk in the park. But finding out you have early-onset Alzheimer’s is typically worse.

It’s life changing, not only for the person receiving the diagnosis but for their loved ones as well.

Those with early-onset often begin experiencing symptoms while they are still working. This can create problems that people who develop the condition later on in life don’t usually have to worry about, says Snyder. They may find it gets increasingly difficult to perform their duties at the same level they did prior to the diagnosis and may also lose their jobs because of it.

As such, providing for their families, paying college tuition for children, and keeping up with the mortgage can become a struggle, particularly if the person with Alzheimer’s is the primary financial provider for the family. Because they are younger, they may not have the financial means to be able to retire. And since Alzheimer’s is a progressive disease, it only gets worse and worse.

“It’s life changing, not only for the person receiving the diagnosis but for their loved ones as well,” Snyder says. “Following a diagnosis, it’s important for the individual and family members to educate themselves about the disease, available treatments, and care and support services that can help navigate current and future challenges associated with the disease, including the emotional aspects of coming to terms with a diagnosis.”

And although there isn’t currently a cure for Alzheimer’s, medications are available that can help to manage the symptoms. Participation in trials is also encouraged, as patients have access to treatment therapies that are in development that they may not otherwise.

What to do if you Think You May Have Early-Onset Alzheimer’s

Age-related changes in memory and thinking are expected. Experiencing them in your thirties, forties, or fifties, however, is a bit worrisome, and something you should definitely get checked out, cautions Snyder.

“Most everyone experiences occasional memory lapses, but when memory or cognition issues become more frequent and start interfering in your daily life—it’s important to be evaluated by a physician,” Snyder suggests. “Having trouble with memory does not mean you have Alzheimer’s. Many health issues can cause problems with memory and thinking.”

Joining the cause can help families facing the disease know they are not alone in their fight.

Thyroid problems, depression, drug interactions, excessive alcohol use, and certain vitamin deficiencies can all cause dementia-like symptoms, says Snyder. But the good news is that when the issues are caused by a treatable condition like these, the damage may be reversed.

Receiving an early-onset Alzheimer’s diagnose may seem like something you can’t come back from. Having a loved one find out they have it can also make your world feel like it will never be the same again. And although you may face challenges, you can provide hope by joining the fight against Alzheimer’s, says Snyder.

“You can volunteer at your local Alzheimer’s Association office, participate in fundraising events such as the Walk to End Alzheimer’s and The Longest Day, advocate for more research funding, or sign up to participate in a clinical study as a healthy volunteer through the Alzheimer’s Association Trial Match,” she says. “Joining the cause can help families facing the disease know they are not alone in their fight.”

[People] should be hopeful, but they should not be in denial.

As a child, Allison Constantino of Winter Springs, Florida, experienced a shellfish allergy so significant it sent her to the emergency room.
The artist and nature lover described her childhood shellfish allergy as “HUGE.” As an adult, however, her allergy went away and never returned. She figures that as she aged, her immune system got stronger and kept the shellfish allergy at bay.

Sandra Hinchliffe, a writer and webmaster from northern California, tells a similar story. As a toddler, she endured her first anaphylaxis event—a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction—with eggs. As a child, she took allergy shots, but as she grew up, her allergies simply disappeared. But unlike Constantino, when Hinchliffe reached middle age, the allergies came roaring back, and she now follows her doctor’s strict orders to avoid egg and yeast. She carries EpiPens with her wherever she goes.

“[People] should be hopeful, but they should not be in denial. These allergies can and do return in some of us as our immune system ages,” she says.
Both of these women’s experiences are not unique, but they showcase the uniqueness of individual allergy patients. Some children eventually grow out of their allergies, others never do, whereas others grow out of them and have them return. The overall likelihood of outgrowing an allergy depends on a range of factors, such as the type of allergy and how severe it is in each child.

What is a food allergy?

A food allergy is a medical condition in which exposure to a specific food triggers an allergic reaction. In short, the body identifies a food as dangerous, and when it gets exposed to it, the body reacts.

Symptoms of food allergies range from mild, such as a skin rash, hives, wheezing, and repetitive cough, to life-threatening, such as an inability to breathe, swallowing difficulties, and weak pulse.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that food allergy prevalence has become a public health issue. The U.S. saw a 50 percent increase in food allergies between 1997 and 2011, and between 1997 and 2008, the prevalence of a peanut or tree allergy more than tripled in U.S. children. Overall, an estimated 15 million Americans have food allergies, according to the CDC, which includes 5.9 million children. This is approximately two children per classroom.

The Odds of Outgrowing a Food Allergy

According to Mayo Clinic, food allergies affect six to eight percent of children under the age of 5, but approximately 60 to 80 percent of youths with a type of dairy allergy (milk or egg) can eat these foods without any reaction by the time they reach age 16. Young children who can eat these foods in baked form, like in a cake, are extremely likely to be able to eat plain eggs or milk at an older age.

They also might outgrow other food allergies, like nut and shellfish allergies, though this isn’t as likely. For example, only about 20 percent of young children outgrow peanut allergies, and 14 percent lose a tree nut allergy. The number is even lower with shellfish allergies, as only four to five percent of children with any fish or crustacean allergy go on to adulthood and experience no reaction—Constantino got lucky and bucked the odds.

Types of Food Allergies

There is really only one type of food allergy: “true allergy.” These are IgE-mediated food allergies in which a severe allergic reaction can occur.

Stacey Galowitz, DO, a board-certified allergist with ENT and Allergy Associates in Somerset, New Jersey, says, “IgE-mediated food allergies are the reactions to food everyone is familiar with: you eat a peanut and break out in hives, have swelling, experience shortness of breath and vomiting, etcetera. The more severe form of this is called anaphylaxis.” She says anaphylactics are those who need to carry epinephrine devices.
According to The American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, eight types of food account for about 90 percent of all reactions: eggs, milk, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, shellfish, wheat, and soy.

People who are not diagnosed with a food allergy, but still experience some form of pain when eating certain foods, usually have a food sensitivity. Such sensitivities are IgG mediated, and “IgG-mediated food allergies are not actually allergies in the true sense,” says Dr. Galowitz. She says the difference between intolerance/sensitivity and IgE-mediated food allergies is that one might be uncomfortable (IgG) and the other might be fatal (IgE).

On Gluten

Gluten allergy—which is also called celiac disease, and is the allergy to the proteins in wheat, barley, and rye—is a bit different. According to the Food Allergy Research and Resource Program and the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, celiac disease differs from IgE-mediated food allergies, in part, because its symptoms take 48–72 hours to show up, whereas IgE-mediated allergy symptoms appear rather quickly.

Celiac disease, though, affects about one percent of the world’s population, according to the Celiac Disease Foundation. “Gluten sensitive” is a way to describe those who cannot tolerate gluten and experience symptoms similar to those with celiac disease, but do not experience the same intestinal damage.
This sensitivity type is a widespread condition. According to Beyond Celiac, an organization that helps people with celiac disease live healthy lives, researchers estimate that 18 million Americans have gluten sensitivity.

However, for those of you with gluten sensitivities, you might be okay eating gluten. A recent study published in the journal Digestion found that 86 percent of those who believed they were gluten sensitive could tolerate gluten with no issue.

Tests for Food Allergies

To determine if you have outgrown your food allergy, you can take a couple of tests:

• A blood or skin test. For IgE-mediated food allergies, “You need a skin test or a blood [test] plus a clinical history of reaction,” says Dr. Galowitz. If a test reveals a high level of IgE, you are more likely to experience an allergic reaction; if the level is low, you might tolerate the food. The American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology says the test is not very invasive and produces quick results.
• A food challenge. According to Food Allergy Research and Education, in a food challenge test, someone with (or with a previous) food allergy digests a small amount of the food they are allergic to in a controlled setting. The tester starts by giving a person a minimal amount of the food and then gradually raises the dosage. The tester will stop the food challenge immediately if the person experiences any reactions, and anyone taking the test gets closely monitored by a medical professional throughout the entire test.

The food challenge takes a number of hours. Most tests last from four to six hours, but it can go longer if someone experiences a reaction.

Feeling a little nervous to try a food challenge? You shouldn’t. Researchers conducted the largest national survey of allergic reactions in a U.S. non-research setting and published their results in the Annuals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology. The results showed that the food challenge is a safe method, as it resulted in very few allergic reactions—86 percent of the challenges had no reactions and 98 percent had no anaphylaxis. This means that adults can take the test to determine if they are still have their childhood food allergies, and they shouldn’t feel worried about doing so.

Getting Ready for the Food Challenge

If you feel the food challenge might help you determine if you can eat the foods you couldn’t as a child, you should speak to your doctor. If a medical professional decides this test could benefit you, here are some test tips to follow (provided by National Jewish Health):

• Do not eat any other food during the challenge. Only eat what the medical professional says you can eat.
• If you feel sick, you should cancel the test. This includes feeling any type of illness, such as a headache, stomachache, allergic reaction of any type, or fever. Your results could present false positives, or worse, the test could make you sicker. If you have any concerns, you should always speak with your doctor ahead of time.
• If you do experience any type of reaction during the test, you might be given medication that makes you drowsy. Because of this, you should arrive to the food challenge with another individual who can drive you home, if necessary.
• You should notify your doctor if you take any antihistamines, as they could affect the results. Most of the time, the doctor will instruct you to stop taking any oral antihistamines anywhere from three to five days before the test, depending on what brand of medication you take.

It is also best practice to tell your doctor of any medications you are currently taking prior to the test.

Oh, and you might get asked to bring specific food to the test. The doctor might even ask you to bring your favorite food with you “in which to place the food to be challenged,” per National Jewish Health.

If you had a food allergy in the past, it is possible you have outgrown it.

In fact, the odds are in your favor if you experienced a milk or egg allergy as a child, though less so with other food allergies.

With the safety of the food challenge and skin or blood tests, they’re likely worth it—afterwards, you’ll know if you can begin adding shrimp back to your barbeques or peanut butter to your sandwiches. As always, consult with a doctor and tell him or her your own personal history and family history with food allergies. From there, they can make an educated decision on if a blood test or food challenge is right for you.

When I brought my first child home from the hospital, I was a nervous wreck. I worried about her every minute for the first several days, and I would spend hours watching her sleep. When I finally dozed off at night, it was only because I was resting my hand on her chest to feel her chest rise and fall.
Imagine just how freaked out I was when, that very first night, she fell into a deep sleep and her breathing started sounding weird. She would breathe normally for a long time, and suddenly she was breathing loudly or her breathing would speed up for a short period of time. First, of course, I Googled it, and then I called my mom.

“It’s normal,” my mom told me. Apparently, newborn breathing is pretty weird, and they can’t be expected to sound like we do when we sleep. I tried to stop obsessing, but the weird way my daughter breathed at night just ended up on the list of freaky medical things I worried about without due cause.
I’m not alone. There are a ton of strange things about the human body that make people worry but are totally normal. Here are seven examples of bizarre, but normal, conditions.

That Weird Way Your Baby Breathes

First things first, let’s revisit my first month of motherhood and talk a little about the weird way that newborns breathe.
Babies don’t breathe at a consistent rhythm when they sleep. And according to Susan Besser, MD, a primary care provider at Mercy Medical Center in Baltimore, newborns don’t breathe through their mouths until they are several months old.

“One more thing about babies and breathing: The nose and airway of the baby is smaller than an adult,” she says, “so the breathing noises may seem very loud.”
Of course, difficulty breathing is not something to brush off. If you suspect your baby is actually struggling to breathe, Besser offers some criteria for deciding if it’s time to seek care: Babies that are nursing well, able to cry vigorously, and seem alert are doing fine—even if their noses are stuffy. However, if the baby is showing any blueness around their lips or seems unresponsive, head right to the emergency room.

That Pins-and-Needles Feeling

This abnormality isn’t limited to children. Anyone can get a static-y feeling in their limbs, and it’s actually fairly common, so there’s no reason to panic. However, as the video below shows, sometimes this tingling can be a sign of something more serious.

The Post-Fever Rash

When you’re a parent, sick kids are just par for the course. Even if they’re not in daycare, they seem to share germs with each other any chance they get. A rash on a young kid, especially a baby, is pretty scary, but it’s much more common than you might think.

It’s totally normal for a child to develop a rash 12–24 hours after a fever breaks. It’s called roseola, and it’s common in kids under the age of 2, according to Healthline. There is no way to treat roseola, so, in most cases, you can just wait for it to go away on its own.
When do you know that a rash is something more? When there are additional, serious symptoms happening at the same time, according to Besser.

“Rashes, of course, can be due to lots of things: viruses, dry skin, poison ivy or other contact, reactions to foods or medications,” she explains. “The only time an emergency room visit is advised is if there are other serious symptoms associated with the rash—primarily difficulty breathing.”

That Weird, Stabbing Feeling

Experiencing chest pain makes a lot of people worry—and rightfully so—but not all chest pain is reason for concern. As it turns out, it is fairly normal for children and young adults to experience a specific, sudden onset of chest pain in short bursts.

It’s called precordial catch syndrome, and it is benign. It’s a sharp, localized, stabbing feeling in the chest that lasts somewhere between 30 seconds and three minutes, according to the Health Service at the University of Wisconson–Stevens Point.
The pain, UWSP document says, doesn’t even come from the heart. “The pain probably comes from nerves in the inner lining of the chest cavity called the pleura which becomes pinched or irritated.”
They advise people experiencing precordial catch to “Relax, knowing that the pain is completely harmless and needs no specific treatment.”

“… everyone occasionally has palpitations or skipped beats.”

But while precordial catch syndrome isn’t a reason for a visit to the ER, that doesn’t mean you should ignore chest pain. If you’re experiencing chest pain on a regular basis, it’s probably a good idea to see your primary care physician to rule out any other issues.
“If you are young and/or in relative good health, it’s unlikely that chest pain or palpitations signal a serious heart problem,” explains Besser. “But this is an instance I strongly recommend you call your [primary care physician]. For the record, let me state, everyone occasionally has palpitations or skipped beats. It’s normal, but if it happens continuously, that might be an issue.”

The Ice Cream Headache

Okay, so most people know better than to freak out when experiencing a brain freeze. One thing most people don’t know is that this common experience has a not-so-common name.

You may call it a brain freeze, but the medical world calls it sphenopalatine ganglioneuralgia, according to ScienceDaily. It may be harmless, but it actually happens for a reason.
When you enjoy something super cold, the treat changes the temperature of the arteries that feed blood to the brain, causing them to contract and dilate. As a result, your brain believes you’re experiencing pain, and that’s why you experience a brain freeze.

“They are usually not life threatening unless accompanied by other symptoms …”

Scientists are actually using the brain freeze to learn about more serious headaches. By observing the brain after inducing a brain freeze, researchers hope to learn more about the causes of and treatment for headaches.
A brain freeze is certainly not worth an emergency room visit or a visit with your primary care physician, but what about other types of headaches? Even incredibly painful headaches don’t require a visit to the emergency room, Besser says, because they’re typically not life threatening.

“If your only symptom is a headache, call your doctor,” Besser explains. “They are usually not life threatening unless accompanied by other symptoms such as [fainting] or signs and symptoms of a stroke, such as loss of use of a limb or the ability to talk.”

Lumps in Your Neck When You’re Sick

Since most people know at least one person who has been diagnosed with cancer, finding a lump anywhere on your body can be scary. Not all lumps are reason for concern, however: Your lymph nodes regularly become enlarged when you’re fighting off an illness.

When your doctor feels around on your neck when you’re sick, they’re checking to see if your cervical lymph nodes are swollen. The name for this experience is lymphadenopathy, according to Medscape, and it typically happens because a pathogen is present in the body.
The remedy for lymphadenopathy is fighting the cause. As you and your doctor treat your infection, your lymph nodes should recede.
In rare cases, swollen lymph nodes are due to something more serious, like lymphoma. According to Mayo Clinic, if your lymph nodes swell for no reason, are present for two to four weeks, feel hard or rubbery/don’t move, or are “accompanied by persistent fever, night sweats or unexplained weight loss,” you should recontact your doctor.

That Time of the Month

When it comes to menstrual cycles, there are many symptoms, both painful and annoying, that are considered to be within the range of normal. And unfortunately for those who experience it, heavy bleeding is common and not a reason for alarm. Women do visit the emergency room on a regular basis because of their concerns about menstruation, according to Besser, but it is usually unwarranted.

“Unless you are having a lot of pain or have bled so much to the point of fainting, which implies significant blood loss, save the visit for your primary care physician,” she says.
Heavy bleeding during your period might not be life threatening, but it is definitely a difficult experience that many women deal with. It’s called menorrhagia, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center, and it is technically defined as bleeding that soaks a tampon or pad every hour and cramps that make it difficult to continue daily activities. Don’t visit an emergency room if you are experiencing this, but do call your doctor if you’ve never talked about managing your symptoms before.

“Got milk?”
Milk got a boost with this popular and clever marketing campaign 20 years ago, and the question soon became part of the everyday lexicon. Children and adults asked, “Got milk?” every time they took a drink of it. And this question still rings true today…although, “Got calcium?” is perhaps more appropriate.
With the range of calcium-fortified products on the market, you can find a variety of milk substitutes that can give you a suitable dose.

But even with all these products on your kitchen shelf and in your fridge, do you get enough calcium?

What is calcium?

Calcium is one of the most bountiful minerals found in the human body, with almost 100 percent of it positioned in our bones and teeth. The small remaining amount is located in our blood, in our muscles, and within our cell liquids.

Some research suggests that calcium aids in reducing cardiovascular disease risk, lowering blood pressure, and reducing risk of hypertension.

Almost every body tissue uses calcium, making it an essential part in living a healthy, flourishing life.

“Calcium is required for muscle function and hormone secretion,” Becky Kerkenbush, registered dietitian and member of the Wisconsin Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, says. “Some research suggests that calcium aids in reducing cardiovascular disease risk, lowering blood pressure, and reducing risk of hypertension.”

How do you know you have a calcium deficiency?

Calcium-deficient individuals might not show any signs or symptoms, especially if it is mild, says Jennifer Wider, MD. But if the deficiency is more severe, she notes that symptoms can include muscle weakness, fatigue, and irritability.
Wider recommends scheduling a visit with your health care provider to take a blood test that will check your total calcium levels. This test is the most common diagnostic test to evaluate if you are calcium deficient. It’s usually quite accurate because the balance between free and bound calcium in your bloodstream is generally stable.

If your results show an atypical total calcium level, your doctor might order additional tests to measure levels of phosophorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and other hormones to determine if you have any type of underlying health issue.

What does calcium affect?

Osteoporosis is a condition in which the bones lose minerals faster than the body can replace them. Most common in older women, osteoporosis makes the bones fragile and brittle. A lack of calcium, according to health resource WebMD, can lead to this condition.

Consuming calcium, and following a diet rich in calcium-fortified foods, can reduce your risk of high blood pressure. Calcium is “one of the key minerals involved in blood pressure control,” according to Harvard’s Heart Letter, a newsletter about heart health. As far as cancer goes, the National Cancer Institute indicated that calcium can reduce the number of opportunities for colorectal cancer to occur, as well as improving cell-to-cell signaling and possibly causing cancer cells to die off.
Cramps and muscle spasms from a lack of calcium typically occur around the thighs, arms, and underarms, typically at night. Calcium is a key part of operating muscle fibers, and a calcium deficiency can result in muscle irregularity.

Low calcium levels can result in dry skin and weak, brittle nails. As mentioned before, teeth have a high percentage of calcium, so low levels can result in tooth discoloration and weakness. A lack of calcium can also cause insomnia, and even if you can sleep, your body might fail to fall into a deep sleep.

Who does a calcium deficiency most often affect?

According to Julie Upton, a registered dietician, Appetite for Health co-founder, and co-author of 101 Fat Habits & Slim Solutions, those particularly at risk for consuming insufficient calcium intake include the following:

Anyone who eschews dairy in their diet, like vegans and certain vegetarians, might have a challenging time getting adequate calcium intake, as dairy foods are the best source of calcium. Although it is possible to get adequate calcium on dairy-free and vegan diets, it does take careful planning and generally requires adding some calcium-fortified foods, like a calcium-fortified soy or almond milk, to your diet.
Women are often deficient in calcium because of their lower energy requirements, as well as their frequent low dairy intake. This holds especially true with menopausal women and pregnant women.

Older adults are in similar boat due to their lower total energy intake, and they often consume fewer dairy foods than younger or middle-aged adults. Whenever your energy needs decline, every calorie counts to get all the nutrients you need.
In addition, people that are lactose intolerant are also at risk for a calcium deficiency. These individuals cannot completely digest lactose, the natural sugar in milk, avoid dairy products—and therefore miss the calcium they provide.

How much calcium do you need?

The National Institutes of Health provides a table of recommended daily allowances of calcium.
A newborn, according to NIH, requires 200 milligrams a day. By the age of 5, they require 1,000 milligrams. Puberty causes the need to ramp up to 1,300 milligrams, but young adults fall back down to 1,000 milligrams by the age of 19. Middle-aged women and elderly men require a bit more, needing 1,200 milligrams.

To give you an idea of the calcium content typical in most foods, one cup of yogurt contains 450 milligrams, one cup of skim milk has 300 milligrams, and one cup of soy milk has 200 to 400 milligrams. You will also find milk in fruits and vegetables: one cup of raw kiwi has 50 milligrams, one cup of cooked broccoli has 180 milligrams, and one cup of raw kale has 55 milligrams. Additionally, grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, fish, and other foods like molasses have built-in calcium.

For those looking for other calcium sources, you can purchase calcium-fortified cereals, fruit juices, and oatmeal on the market.

How can we avoid a calcium deficiency?

To maintain a proper calcium balance in your body, Thomas recommends eating a plant-based diet, as well as getting plenty of vitamin D from reasonable exposure to sunshine.

Vanessa Rissetto, RD, believes you should look to food sources outside of dairy products, as other foods are even more rich in calcium. Examples include salmon and sardines canned with bones, kale, collards, broccoli, mustard greens, turnip greens, bok choy, and sesame seeds.
For calcium supplements, she suggests choosing calcium citrate or calcium citrate malate, taking it in at least two divided doses with meals for the best absorption.

Recent Developments in Calcium Deficiency Research

The phosphorus phenomenon: The more phosphorus you have in your diet, the more your need for calcium increases.
“As the amount of phosphorus you eat rises, so does the need for calcium,” reads the University of Maryland Medical Center’s overview on phosphorus.
“The delicate balance between calcium and phosphorus is necessary for proper bone density and prevention of osteoporosis.”

To increase calcium, lactose-free dairy products are an inexpensive source.

“Phosphorus is indeed found in meat and dairy, but there is also ‘hidden’ phosphorus, which manufacturers add to food and beverages, usually as a preservative or flavor enhancer,” says Priscilla Blevins, RD and dietitian for EduPlated. “It is typically your convenient, ready-to-eat, and processed foods that actually contain a large amount of hidden phosphorus.”
She recommends sticking to eating fresh and unprocessed foods instead and watching for words with “phos” or “phosphate” on the food labels.
Magnesium relevancy: The calcium and magnesium balance is key, too. As noted in the medical journal BMJ Open, “Magnesium … and calcium … antagonise each other in (re)absorption, inflammation and many other physiological activities.”
Barry Sears, PhD, author of the Zone Diet book series and president of the Inflammation Research Foundation, says most Americans are deficient in magnesium. To increase magnesium, he suggests we eat leafy green vegetables and nuts. “To increase calcium,” he says, “lactose-free dairy products are an inexpensive source.”

“If you use a calcium supplement, then make sure the ratio of calcium to magnesium is always in a 2:1 ratio for optimal results.”
The amount of the parathyroid hormone: This hormone makes sure you have the right amount of calcium and phosphorus in your body by helping balance them both out. Without adequate vitamin D, parathyroid hormone levels rise to unhealthy levels.
“[Increased intake of] vitamin D—which most Americans are deficient in—helps control the amount of parathyroid hormone in the body,” Blevins says, “thus allowing it to successfully balance calcium and phosphorus.”
Like calcium, vitamin D is associated with healthier bones, according to research in the Journal of Nutrition.
Nixing calcium supplements: Blevins suggests sticking to eating fresh foods the majority of the time, eating dairy and legumes (also high in calcium), limiting processed foods in your diet, and taking a D3 vitamin with 2000 IU a day.

As one of the most vital minerals in the body, calcium is necessary for survival, but you do not need to do it with dairy products alone. You can receive a healthy dose of calcium from eating foods outside of cheeses and milk. However, you must stay vigilant in knowing how much calcium is within the foods you consume to ensure you meet the recommended daily allowance for your age group.

A decade ago, tasty, gluten-free options were hard to find at your local supermarket. Back then, if you needed to avoid gluten and were lucky enough to find a product you could eat, it almost certainly tasted like cardboard.
The gluten-free market has come a long way; honestly, it’s become a cultural phenomenon. These days, it’s difficult to walk through the aisles of a grocery store without seeing the latest assortment of gluten-free products lining the shelves. Even some of our old standbys, like General Mills Rice Chex and Cape Cod Kettle Chips, don the GF label.

With the surge in fad diets as of late (The Whole30, The Dukan Diet, and the Paleo diet, to name a few), gluten has been portrayed as the chief food offender in our lives, and people who restrict their intake of it will (hopefully) look and feel better.
In certain health and wellness circles, there’s a collective distaste for gluten: It’s bad for your health, the thought process goes, and you should avoid it—and you might have a sensitivity to it, even if you don’t realize it.

Does gluten deserve the bad rap it’s getting? There are circumstances, of course, such as wheat allergies and celiac disease, when avoiding gluten is a crucial step to improving your health. But can you be healthy with a diet that includes gluten? Here, we’ll take a more in-depth look at the gluten-free world and whether the average person needs to worry about eating the stuff.

What is gluten?

Gluten is the name given to the naturally-occurring protein found in grains like wheat, rye, triticale (a hybrid of wheat and rye), barley, and more. In cooking and baking, it serves a fundamental purpose—it acts as a binding agent and gives structure, shape, and texture to food like bread, pastries, and pasta.

Besides flour-based products, you can also find gluten in a variety of items like soups, salad dressings, condiments, soy sauce, lunch meats, and more. Additionally, oats can become cross-contaminated with gluten if they’re processed in a facility with other grains, so they’re not necessarily gluten-free, either.
Furthermore, there are several hidden sources of gluten, so it may not be evident from a food label whether an item contains it. According to the Mayo Clinic and the Celiac Disease Foundation, some of the lesser known names for gluten (or items that may contain it as a hidden ingredient) include:

• Malt (malt vinegar, malted milk, malt extract, malt syrup, or malt flavoring)
• Hydrolyzed wheat protein
• Brewer’s yeast
• Yeast extract
• Bulgur
• Wheat germ and wheat bran
• Graham flour
• Matzo or Matzo meal
• Semolina
• Spelt
• Natural flavors
• Rice syrup

Who needs to be concerned about gluten?

On one end of the spectrum, we have people with celiac disease. When they consume gluten, it triggers an autoimmune response—the gluten causes damage to their small intestines.

People who have celiac disease may experience a host of symptoms, which usually appear 46–72 hours after consuming gluten. These symptoms include abdominal pain and bloating, constipation, diarrhea, fatigue, migraines, depression, and more—in fact, the Celiac Disease Foundation reports that there are more than 200 known symptoms of the disease.
At present, approximately 3 million Americans are living with this illness, according to the Celiac Disease Center. The disease can be diagnosed using antibody blood tests, genetic testing, and gastrointestinal endoscopies. The recommended treatment is a strict adherence to a lifelong, gluten-free diet and the correction of any nutritional deficiencies.

So, while it’s clear people with celiac disease need to eat a gluten-free diet, what about the rest of us?

Well, making up the rest of the gluten-allergy scale is gluten sensitivity. To learn about these, we talked with Karen Raden, a registered dietitian and certified clinical nutritionist.

[Many people] can benefit significantly from going gluten-free.

Raden has worked in the field of integrative and functional medicine for 20 years. Her clientele includes a mix of people seeking help with chronic health conditions, weight loss, heart disease, digestive disorders, food sensitivities, athletic performance, meal planning, and more. We spoke with her about whether gluten sensitivity is a myth or if there’s actually merit to the idea of non-celiac people removing gluten from their diets.
“I believe that gluten sensitivity is not a myth,” Raden says. “Many people have gluten sensitivities and are not aware of this, as symptoms do not always present as digestive disorders … . Gluten sensitivity may show up as neurologic symptoms, headaches, joint issues, muscle aches and pains, weight gain, swelling, mood issues, and more.”

Since no laboratory test exists for gluten sensitivity—only for celiac disease and wheat allergies—you need to consult your doctor to determine whether it’s gluten that’s causing those issues. More on that in a bit.
“In my experience,” continues Raden, “no one is hurt by going gluten-free, as long as they eat a [nutrient-dense] food plan, including veggies, healthy fats, fruits, and protein. [Many people] can benefit significantly from going gluten-free.”

How do you figure out if you’re actually sensitive to gluten?

In 2012, a report in BMC Medicine suggests there may be a range of gluten-related disorders—from celiac disease to varying degrees of gluten intolerance. Furthermore, a 2016 study in BMJ Journals indicates non-celiac wheat sensitivity is a real condition, and it affects nearly 18 million Americans, according to an estimate by Alessio Fasano, MD. (Some, though, dispute that number).

While, as stated above, there are tests to determine whether someone has wheat allergies and celiac disease, there is no specialized testing procedure to officially measure gluten sensitivities. One way to find out if you’ll respond positively to removing gluten is through an elimination diet—a short-term diet that’s used to determine whether certain symptoms are caused or made worse by a particular food.
“If symptoms do improve, then reintroduce the gluten-containing foods and see if symptoms come back,” states Raden. “If they do, you can really consider for your own experience if this food is a good option. You can eliminate other foods in a similar fashion to see if you have a sensitivity to those, too.”

If you feel better after gluten is removed from your diet, this could be an indicator that you have a gluten sensitivity. If you take gluten out of your diet with no change in how you feel, though, maybe your symptoms are related to something else entirely. Either way, you’ll want to follow up with a medical professional for additional testing or recommendations.

Should everyone go gluten-free?

For many people, going gluten-free has become synonymous with a healthier lifestyle. But there’s no need to hop on the bandwagon just yet. While it might be tempting to make this generalization, many people can consume gluten without any noticeable issues—especially if it’s eaten as part of an overall healthy diet.

“I do keep some people on gluten,” says Raden, “especially if they don’t have celiac disease and they do not want to eliminate gluten. … if people are feeling good, have no physical or emotional issues that they want to resolve, and their blood work looks good, … we discuss keeping gluten in their diet—but trying to choose the least processed options.”
Plus, going gluten-free doesn’t automatically make you healthier. “If someone eliminates gluten and then chooses to eat mostly gluten-free pasta, gluten-free cookies and cakes, and potatoes, this is not a healthful diet,” adds Raden.

In reality, there’s a significant need for more in-depth research on the subject of gluten intolerance and it’s long-term impact on your health. Though many people report being helped by a gluten-free diet, there’s still a lot we need to learn about one of the most abundant proteins on the planet.

How are food companies reacting to the increasing demand for gluten-free products?

The gluten-free market is on track to reach an astounding $7.59 billion value by 2020, according to Statista. With an influx of people desiring gluten-free products, food companies are quick to meet the demand for more food choices.

I do think gluten-free is here to stay.

Yewande Odusanwo is the founder and chief digital marketer at Zora Media, a digital marketing consulting firm for healthy lifestyle brands. Says Odusanwo: “There is a rise in consumers wanting healthy foods and wanting products that are better for their health and contain no artificial ingredients. Companies are seeing growth in consumers purchasing gluten-free products, so they are meeting consumer demand.”

In general, customers are shifting their food focus to healthier options: “Brands are scrambling to make their products appear healthier without artificial ingredients or preservatives,” Odusanwo adds.
“Plus,” she says, “this trend is happening not only with companies making gluten-free claims; we are seeing these with other nutritional claims by big brands. Consumers no longer trust larger brands to be free of preservatives, so they are trying smaller, niche brands that are positioned as only having all-natural ingredients from day one. I don’t think companies would change if consumers weren’t demanding better ingredients in products and voting with their dollars.”

Does Odusanwo see the gluten-free trend ever losing steam?
“I do think gluten-free is here to stay. For the consumers that need gluten-free products, they will continue to purchase the brands that offer them products that make them feel better. For others, they will continue to purchase gluten-free products as long as they don’t have to sacrifice taste or price. If they like the taste of the products, then gluten-free is just an added plus,” she says.
So whether you choose to eat gluten or go gluten-free, it appears the gluten-free craze isn’t going away anytime soon.

Ahh, Christmas.

The lights, the parties, the music, the cheer—it’s the most wonderful time of the year! Oh, sorry. Do you have that song stuck in your head now?

Or maybe it already was, what with the radio, TV ads, and mall muzak drowning us with decked halls, hollied boughs, and fa-la-la-la-las every December—if not as soon as the Halloween decorations are boxed up.

It’s a reminder that we have to buy presents, cater for people, organize celebrations.

It can be draining, this annual onslaught of Yuletide tunes. In fact, some experts think too much Christmas music is actually bad for our mental health. Clinical psychologist Linda Blair told Sky News that Christmas music makes it particularly hard for retail workers to concentrate, bombarded as they are with “Jingle Bells” as they restock shelves.

What’s more, these ring-ring-ring-a-ling earworms can wriggle their way into our very brains, affecting how we feel and act. Christmas music “might make us feel that we’re trapped,” Blair said. “It’s a reminder that we have to buy presents, cater for people, organize celebrations.”

It might also drive us to make more impulse purchases, as Blair noted the effect music can have on consumer behavior.

For many people, though, it’s not just the merry melodies that are maddening. All of the Christmas season’s reds and greens give them a bad case of the holiday blues.

Under Pressure

The holiday blues isn’t a technical term—nor is it a simple case of the bah humbugs. But the phrase is colloquially used for the very real anxiety and depression some people experience from Thanksgiving through New Year’s.

I don’t even know what we’re celebrating anymore.

Laurel Jernigan, a retired school librarian, knows exactly what Linda Blair means by “trapped.” “Pressure,” she immediately answers when HealthyWay asked her how Christmas makes her feel.

“Pressure to perform,” Jernigan continues. “To be perfect. To have to do stuff like—have to be jolly, have to want to listen to Christmas, have to want to go shopping for all these gifts. It feels like there’s expectation to be happy and in this,” she pauses, “spirit.”

“I don’t even know what we’re celebrating anymore. Consumerism? I feel like it’s imposed on us, on society,” she says.

And also like Blair, Jernigan locates much of this pressure in reminders, lamenting how she can’t flip on the news or walk into the store for a simple gallon of milk without being reminded to “buy buy buy,” she says.

But other sources of pressure for Jernigan reach far back into her past. She spent her childhood Christmases in Cleveland, rushing around to see relatives. “The whole family had to go to each other’s houses because everybody decorated, and you had to look at their houses. Everybody had to go over—and everybody got mad at each other and talked about each other,” she says.

“There was pressure,” she refrains. That pressure made for friction and tension in family relationships. Christmas didn’t mean goodwill towards all and peace on earth. It meant “sitting in the back of a car and hearing my mom complain about everybody.”

Years later, when she was a mother of three and practicing Catholic, she felt pressure to keep the materialism of Christmas at bay: “I had a boundary that I was not going to step over the threshold into the glitz and unholy glamor” of the holidays.

Then she suffered a surprise divorce. “The loneliness,” Jernigan opens up. “The family unit that I believed in was shattered.” Each year, Christmastime reminds her of that pain—not to mention the guilt she bore as her sons shuttled back and forth between two households, the guilt she bore because she couldn’t afford as many presents as her ex-husband could.

Have you been naughty or nice—to yourself?

Jernigan’s pain, fortunately, has greatly subsided since her divorce. She’s long been happily remarried, and husband teases her that she isn’t a Scrooge but has “hyperholiphobia”—his clever coinage for an irrational fear of the holiday season.

But Jernigan does thoughtfully pinpoint some major triggers of a blue Christmas: negative childhood experiences, traumatic episodes, and, yes, societal pressure.

For his part, Robert Hales, MD, Chair of the University of California–Davis Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, identifies some more immediate—and perhaps more easily overlooked—causes of our yuletide woes.

During the holidays, we drink more, eat more, and sleep less. Excessive drinking commonly co-occurs with depression, overeating can hurt our body image, and lack of sleep contributes to lethargy. And don’t forget to exercise, which keeps our bodies and minds happy and healthy—something easy to slough off when we’re flying around like Rudolph.

Moderation and rest during the season’s convivial congregations can boost our energy and buoy our self-esteem. So, too, can making sure we don’t over-schedule ourselves with festivities, which can raise our stress levels. If we do have a busy calendar, plan for it ahead of time, as all that last-minute shopping and mad-dash cookie-baking can rocket our blood pressure to the North Pole.

Time, indeed. In a sweeping 2006 survey of holiday stress by researchers at Greenberg Quinlan Rosner, 67 percent of participants reported lack of time caused them stress during the Christmas season. This was followed closely behind at 62 percent by lack of money, given the great demands the holidays place on the pocketbook. Setting a budget—and holding yourself to it—can help manage the financial challenges of all the yearend events.

The survey also found that women were more likely than men to report increases in stress during Christmas. “Holiday stress has a particular impact on women, who take charge of many of the holiday celebrations, particularly the tasks related to preparing meals and decorating the home,” it concluded as its first key finding. So, be sure to make Christmas preparations a shared responsibility in your life.

And the third leading stressor? Commercialism or hype, with 53 percent of respondents indicating it caused them stress often or sometimes.

Hales reminds us, though, that some of the hype we experience during the holidays isn’t exterior—or “all that tinsel and crap,” as Jernigan bluntly sums it to HealthyWay with a laugh.

It’s also the interior hype of the unrealistic expectations we place on ourselves and on our families to have the perfect, gingerbread-cookie-cutter holiday. To decorate the perfect tree. To cook the perfect holiday meal. To get along angelically with family. To look divine in your dress as you throw the perfect holiday party. To make the most lasting, magical, and Instagrammable memories.

Remember that perfection is make-believe—just like those sparkling, tear-jerking, wrapped-up-in-a-bow denouements of It’s a Wonderful Life and Miracle on 34th Street.

Learn to distinguish the holiday blues from more serious depression.

Another contributor to seasonal sadness is, well, simply that: seasonal. The days are shorter and, for those living in more northerly climes, wetter and colder—all compounded by daylight savings time screwing with our biological clocks. The time and weather changes can indeed sap our spirits, but does that mean our holiday blues is full-fledged Seasonal Affective Disorder?

SAD is much bandied about this time of year, but it’s much more serious than our occasional run-ins with Charlie Brown. Mental health professionals consider SAD a form of major depressive disorder that coincides with specific seasons, typically winter though sometimes summer.

Just getting a bit down during Christmas—which can be normal—doesn’t mean you’re presenting with SAD. SAD, as with depression in general, has to significantly interfere with people’s daily functioning and relationships. Many of us gain weight and sleep more around the holidays, but people with SAD experience those symptoms more intensely along with chronic feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness, loss of interest and focus, and even thoughts of taking their own lives.

The severity of these symptoms, though, are also why SAD is much rarer: Norman Rosenthal, MD, notes only 6 percent of the U.S. population suffers from full-fledged SAD, with another 14 percent dealing with lesser seasonal mood changes.

As always, seek out a doctor if you’re concerned your holiday blues is more than a temporary funk. And in the spirit of the season, encourage your loved ones to do the same.

Christmas Fact and Fiction

Now, one of the more severe symptoms of Seasonal Affective Disorder, as we saw, are thoughts of ending it all—and there is a story that makes the media rounds, as predictably as Black Friday sales, that rates of it always rise during the holidays.

But this is a myth. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention has found that the number of people killing themselves is the lowest in December. Rates actually rise in spring and summer. Christine Moutier, MD, told NPR that the kind of stress we experience during the holidays, despite common assumptions, aren’t major risk factors for taking one’s life. Genetics, trauma, mental illness, and access to lethal means are, though, Moutier said.

It’s important not to perpetuate the myth, the CDC urges, because the misinformation can hamper efforts to help people struggling with mental health challenges.

The holidays are associated, however, with increased heart attacks and other emergency room visits. A major 2004 national study found a 5 percent increase in heart-related deaths during the holidays. Some cardiologists link the jump to various stressors that exacerbate conditions for people with existing risk to heart disease: cold weather further constricting arteries, more physical labor like shoveling snow or putting up lights, increased intake of salts and fats, and delaying care due to a busy holiday schedule.

And it’s not just the eggnog that’s spiked around the holidays. So, too, are visits to the emergency room due to excessive drinking, especially on New Year’s Eve. The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene has documented 50 percent mor
e drinking-related emergency room visits on New Year’s Eve compared to New Year’s Day.

A good rule of thumb? Don’t overdo it. Food, drink, exertion—and take it easy on the tinsel while you’re at it, for Laurel Jernigan’s sake.

All millennials want for Christmas is you.

Another “grinch” more and more people are watching out for is SDD. It sounds scary, but it won’t be sending you to the doctor’s office. Maybe the therapist’s, though.

SDD is Seasonal Dating Disorder, a term some are using for the tendency of some, often twenty- and thirty-year-old singles to pair up during the holiday season. It also popularly goes by cuffing season, so named because singles are handcuffing themselves to their new-found beau(x) for wintertime.

We all want someone to snuggle with around the fireplace with cups of hot cocoa and a Netflix binge of Christmas movies, don’t we? That’s at least what cuffers, as these seasonal daters are sometimes dubbed, say.

And indeed, that’s what Market Watch found in January 2016, when eHarmony jumped 21 percent in mobile registrations since Christmas and OKCupid 30 percent. Zoosk expected a 20 percent jump heading into the New Yea, and Grindr a 30 to 50 percent increase over the holidays. Match.com anticipated 60 percent between Christmas Day and Valentine’s Day. And on the day after Christmas alone, Tinder told Market Watch it typically sees a 5 to 7 percent rise.

More recently, according to Vogue, the dating app Hinge polled its users and found men were 15 percent more likely to look for a relationship in winter—and 11 percent were less likely in spring and summer. Women reported being 5 percent more interested during winter, and 5 percent less in spring and summer.

Ask Santa for a little reflection this year.

Relationship psychologists and counselors, though, don’t exactly recommend jumping into the one-horse open sleigh with your latest seasonal sweetheart. Dating out of fear of being alone during the holidays can lead to settling, conflating convenience for love, or harm your ability to form lasting relationships.

Cuffers are right on one thing, though: Relationships are key to holiday happiness.

That was clear as silver bells when Amanda and Sue O’Connell spoke to HealthyWay about their experience of the holidays. Amanda lives and works in Ireland, but there is no question she flies the 11-hour-flight home to Southern California for Christmas every year to spend time with her family—including Sue, her mother.

Amanda is always swept up by Christmas: “It makes me feel euphoric, like my spirits are being lifted. It makes me feel sentimental and teary-eyed most of the time, because it reminds me of my family and of the wonderful Christmases that we’ve always had, not only as a child, but even now.”

Sue echoes her sentiments “It makes me very excited. It’s, for me, all about the family coming together. And because we all feel that same excitement, it’s contagious.”

“None of the magic is gone” from their Christmas celebrations, Amanda says, “because for the most part, we all buy into the premise of Christmas.”

As they described it, much of that premise rests on their traditions. For many families, Christmas traditions can feel rote, obligatory, and performative, causing friction instead of cohesion year after year.

… I wanted it to be a bigger day, not just focused on gifts but about being together.

But for the O’Connells, traditions are like glue. “It’s never up for debate that we put up a tree, if we’re going to have stockings, if we’re going to have a meal,” Amanda explains. “Knowing that these things are always in place—and even as our family gets bigger, people are just added into that.”

Sue describes how they open gifts, one by one, explaining to each other why they thought the present was right for them or how it reminded them of a fond memory.

The O’Connells are quick to validate Jernigan’s experience: that Christmas can’t be forced on anyone, that one’s childhood experiences of Christmas shape whether they become Ebenezer Scrooge or Will Ferrell’s Buddy in Elf. Sue, in fact, grew up in a divorced household, remembering Christmas as just going over to a relatives to open gifts. “When I had my kids, I wanted it to be a bigger day, not just focused on gifts but about being together,” she says.

But the real secret to the O’Connell Christmas magic isn’t looking ahead—which can stress, like Christmas music does, a lot of people out by reminding them of all the shopping they have to do, all the cookies they have to bake, all the Christmas cards they have to send out, all the parties they have to get ready for.

Instead, it’s looking back.

“Because it comes at the end of the year, you reflect back on your year,” Amanda O’Connell says. “For instance, I have had a stressful year at work and with buying a house and making big life changes, and yet, when I reflect back on the year, I’m very proud at how much stuff I’ve accomplished.”

And it’s these family-filled moments of pause and gratitude that help make their Christmas, well, “the most wonderful time of the year,” as Amanda puts it.

Ahh, Christmas.